天然地震与人工爆破波形信号HHT特征提取和SVM识别研究

天然地震和人工爆破信号属于非线性非平稳信号,而传统信号分析方法是针对线性系统平稳信号的,本文采用希尔伯特—黄变换(Hilbert-Huang Transform,简称HHT)试图提取可明确区分天然地震和人工爆破事件的波形特征.通过经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,简称EMD)把原信...     

基于EMD的信号瞬时特征的小波分析方法

提出了一种基于EMD(Empirical Mode Decomposition)的信号瞬时特征的小波分析方法。用这种方法提取非平稳信号的瞬时频率和瞬时幅值分三个基本步骤：首先,用EMD把信号分解成IMF(Intrinsic Mode Function)分量;接着,对IMF分量进行小波分析,从小波系数的幅角函数中提取小波脊线;最后,从小波脊线中提取瞬时频率和瞬时幅值。通过对仿真信号的分析,验证了该方法能有效地分析非平稳信号。     

CEEMD高分辨率时频分析方法研究与应用

希尔伯特黄变换(HHT)利用经验模态分解将地震信号分解为一系列平稳信号,并通过地震复数道构建瞬时振幅、瞬时相位、瞬时频率,从而更具有物理意义.CEEMD方法是一种新的EMD分解方法,解决了常规EMD方法中的"模态混叠"现象,基于CEEMD的时频分析方法能够为储层提供更加精细的刻画能力.模型数据和实际数据的处理结果表明,基于CEEMD的HHT方法,在时频谱方面比常规时频分析方法具有更高的分辨率,对储层的描述能力更为精确.     

希尔伯特-黄变换地震信号时频分析与属性提取

地震信号属于非线性和非平稳信号,传统的分析方法主要包括短时傅立叶变换、小波变换和Cohen类时频分布等等;希尔伯特-黄变换是分析非平稳信号的新方法,该方法的关键部分是信号的经验模态分解,通过经验模态分解,复杂的信号可以分解为有限的数量很少的几个固有模态函数,从而可以得到信号的希尔伯特时频谱;将该方法应用于单个的地震道数据,可以对地震道进行经验模态分解并得到希尔伯特谱,应用于地震剖面,可以得到意义更加明确的瞬时频率和瞬时振幅等地震属性,模型试算和实际应用表明了该方法的有效性.     

Hilbert-Huang变换在提取阵列声波信号动力特性中的应用

阵列声波信号是典型的非线性、非平稳信号,其动力特性的量化提取对于进行地层结构构造分析提供了必要的基础资料.而Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)是一种处理非线性、非平稳信号的新方法.它通过经验模态分解(EMD)将信号分解为有限个固有模态函数(IMF),并对每个固有模态函数进行Hilbert变换得到Hilbert谱.本文将这种方法应用于阵列声波信号动力特性的提取,有效地获得了信号能量的时频分布,瞬时能量、Hilbert能量、最大振幅对应的时频分布等动力特性,显示了HHT的优势以及对于进一步实现地层结构构造分析的重要意义.     

基于高通滤波的频率-空间域经验模态分解压制高频噪声

高频噪声压制是高分辨率地震数据处理中提高信噪比的关键性问题.本文针对f-x(频率-空间)反褶积空间预测滤波器无法处理非平稳、非线性信号的缺点,提出了一种基于高通滤波的频率-空间域经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition in the frequency-space domain,f-xEMD)压制地震剖面中高频噪声的方法.该方法采用全域高通滤波从原始数据中分离出含有部分有效信号的高频数据,将其变换到f-x域,然后在滑动的短窗口内提取每一个频率的空变数据序列进行EMD分解得到高频复本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)IMF1,将所有频率的IMF1序列反Fourier变换到时间域得到噪声剖面,将其与原始数据相减,达到高频噪声压制的目的.该方法可克服传统EMD分解方法中的模态混叠现象,保护陡倾角反射同相轴;压制后的噪声剖面中不包含有效信号能量,地震剖面的信噪比得到了提高.模拟数据和实际数据处理结果充分证明了该方法的有效性.     

Hilbert-Huang变换在提取地震信号动力特性中的应用

H ilbert-Huang变换(HHT)是一种处理非线性、非平稳信号的新方法。它通过经验模态分解将信号分解为有限个固有模态函数,并对每个固有模态函数进行H ilbert变换得到H ilbert谱。本文将这种方法应用于地震信号动力特性的提取,有效地获得了信号能量的时频分布,量化提取了中心频率、瞬时相位、瞬时能量、H ilbert能量、最大振幅对应的时频分布等动力特性,并与Fourier变换、小波变换等进行了比较,显示了HHT的优势以及对于进一步实现结构分析和控制的重要意义。     

基于折线包络的经验模态分解方法

1998年,Huang提出了处理非平稳信号的HHT方法(Hilbert-Huang Transform,简称HILT).该方法包括两个步骤:①任意信号首先经过经验模态分解方法(Empirical Mode Decomposition,简称EMD)被分解为一系列固有模态函数(IntrinsicModeFunction,简称IMF).     

改进HHT算法在地震动特性分析中的应用研究

本文首次提出了HFBG-EMD的HHT改进算法,将滑动平均3次B样条求均值方法与改进的滤波终止条件相结合,大大减小了传统的EMD分解滤波次数,并提高了HHT的原有精度。对用该方法求出的各阶IMF函数进行瞬时频率变换后发现,它对减小各阶IMF瞬时频率的带宽和提高地震动主频特性的作用比较显著。此外,本文还采用了先在原始地震信号中加入高频正弦谐波再进行分解的方法,有效消除了传统方法中一直难以克服的IMF模态混叠及瞬时频率畸变现象。     

基于HHT提取重力固体潮的地震前兆信息

Hilbert-Huang Transformation(HHT)是一种新的非线性信号处理方法(Huang,1998).通过HHT对信号进行经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD),能有效地把各种频率成分以本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)形式从中分离出来.再对IMF序列进行Hilbert变换,可得到包含时间、频率、振幅的三维离散时频谱.它提供了非常清晰的局部细节时频特征,适合于描述具非线性非平稳性变化特征的信号.     

Structural modal parameter identification and damage diagnosis based on Hilbert-Huang transform

Traditional modal parameter identifi cation methods have many disadvantages,especially when used for processing nonlinear and non-stationary signals.In addition,they are usually not able to accurately identify the damping ratio and damage.In this study,methods based on the Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) are investigated for structural modal parameter identifi cation and damage diagnosis.First,mirror extension and prediction via a radial basis function(RBF) neural network are used to restrain the troublesome end-effect issue in empirical mode decomposition(EMD),which is a crucial part of HHT.Then,the approaches based on HHT combined with other techniques,such as the random decrement technique(RDT),natural excitation technique(NExT) and stochastic subspace identifi cation(SSI),are proposed to identify modal parameters of structures.Furthermore,a damage diagnosis method based on the HHT is also proposed.Time-varying instantaneous frequency and instantaneous energy are used to identify the damage evolution of the structure.The relative amplitude of the Hilbert marginal spectrum is used to identify the damage location of the structure.Finally,acceleration records at gauge points from shaking table testing of a 12-story reinforced concrete frame model are taken to validate the proposed approaches.The results show that the proposed approaches based on HHT for modal parameter identifi cation and damage diagnosis are reliable and practical.     

基于HHT的非线性结构系统识别研究

本文研究基于HHT的多自由度非线性结构系统识别方法。首先通过EMD分解得到结构的非线性模态(NNM),然后对非线性模态进行H ilbert分析,识别出结构的瞬时特征参数(瞬时振幅、瞬时固有频率等),进而由各参数间关系识别出非线性结构的类型。最后通过一个具有非线性刚度的两自由度剪切型建筑结构的数值模拟验证了该方法的有效性。     

HHT的滤波特性及在声波测井波列信号处理中的应用(英文)

阵列声波信号是典型的非线性、非平稳信号,Hilbert～Huang变换（HHT）是处理非平稳信号的一种比较新的时频分析方法。通过对信号进行经验模态分解（EMD）和对瞬时频率的求解,可以获得声波信号的时一频谱。其关键技术就是进行经验模态分解,任何非平稳的信号都可以分解为有限数目并且具有一定物理意义的固有模态函数。EMD方法可以理解为以声波信号极值特征尺度为度量的时频滤波过程。滤波器充分保留了声波信号本身的非线性和非平稳特征,在声波信号的滤波和去噪中具有很大的优势。文中介绍了HHT时频滤波的实现过程,并列举了一些声波测井波列实例,说明了该方法的有效性。     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换和随机减量技术的模态参数识别

傅里叶分析的信号处理方法对非线性、非平稳信号的处理能力差,传统的模态参数识别方法也存在阻尼比识别精度不高的问题。基于Hilbert-Huang变换和随机减量技术提出了一种新的、实用的模态参数识别方法,首先对结构振动信号进行滤波处理和经验模态分解,得到若干阶本征模态响应,然后利用随机减量技术提取自由衰减响应,进而由Hilbert-Huang变换得到信号的瞬时特性,最后结合模态识别的基本理论识别结构的模态频率和模态阻尼比。为了验证这一方法的有效性,对12层钢筋混凝土框架模型振动台试验一测点的加速度记录进行了处理,识别了模态参数,识别结果与其它识别方法及有限元分析结果的对比表明该方法识别模态频率是可靠的,而模态阻尼比识别的精准性仍然难以确认。     

Analysis of earthquake ground motions using an improved Hilbert–Huang transform

Some limitations of the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) for nonlinear and nonstationary signal processing are remarked. As an enhancement to the HHT, a time varying vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) model based method is proposed to calculate the instantaneous frequencies of the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) obtained from the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) of a signal. By representing the IMFs as time varying VARMA model and using the Kalman filter to estimate the time varying model parameters, the instantaneous frequencies are calculated according to the time varying parameters, then the instantaneous frequencies and the envelopes derived from the cubic spline interpolation of the maxima of IMFs are used to yield the Hilbert spectrum. The analysis of the length of day dataset and the ground motion record El Centro (1940, N–S) shows that the proposed method offers advantages in frequency resolution, and produces more physically meaningful and readable Hilbert spectrum than the original HHT method, short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and wavelet transform (WT). The analysis of the seismic response of a building during the 1994 Northridge earthquake shows that the proposed method is a powerful tool for structural damage detection, which is expected as the promising area for future research.     

A comparative study on hydrocarbon detection using three EMD-based time–frequency analysis methods

Due to strong heterogeneity of marine carbonate reservoir, seismic signals become more complex, thus, it is very difficult for hydrocarbon detection. In hydrocarbon reservoir, there usually exist some changes in seismic wave energy and frequency. In their instantaneous spectrums there often exist such phenomena that show the characteristics of attenuation of high frequency energy and enhancement of low-frequency energy. The three EMD-based time-frequency analysis methods' instantaneous spectra all have certain oil and gas detection capability. In this paper, we introduced the Normalized Hilbert Transform (NHT) and a new method named the HU method for hydrocarbon detection. The model results in the Jingbian Gas Field which is located in the eastern Ordos Basin, China, show that NHT and HU methods can be adopted. They also detect the gas-bearing reservoir efficiently as the HHT method does. The three EMD-based methods, that is, the Hilbert–Huang transformation (HHT) and NHT and HU methods, were respectively applied to analyze the seismic data from the Jingbian Gas Field. Firstly, the seismic signals were decomposed into a finite number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method. The second IMF signal (IMF2) of the original seismic section better indicates the distribution of the reservoir. Information on hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir is mainly in IMF2. Secondly, the HHT, NHT and HU methods were respectively used to obtain different frequency division sections from IMF2. Hydrocarbon detection was realized from the energy distribution of the different frequency division sections with these three EMD-based methods. The practical application results show that the three EMD-based methods can all be employed to hydrocarbon detection. Frequency division section of IMF2 using NHT method was better for the seismic data from the Jingbian Gas Field than when using the HHT method and HU method.     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换和随机子空间识别的模态参数识别

基于Hilbert-Huang变换和随机子空间识别技术提出了两种土木工程结构的模态参数识别方法。方法一是基于Hilbert-Huang变换和自然激励技术,通过经验模态分解和Hilbert变换提取信号的瞬时特性,进而利用自然激励技术和模态分析的基本理论识别结构的模态参数;方法二是基于经验模态分解和随机子空间识别技术,通过经验模态分解对信号进行预处理,进而运用随机子空间识别方法处理得到的结构单阶模态响应以识别结构的模态参数。利用这两种方法,通过对一12层钢筋混凝土框架模型振动台试验测点加速度记录的处理,识别了该模型结构的模态参数。识别结果与传统的基于傅里叶变换的识别结果及有限元分析结果的对比验证了这两种方法的可行性和实用性。