剪切波分裂与地震预测

地震剪切波分裂（SWS）可用来监测饱和流体微裂纹岩石的细微形变。本文报告了由小地震记录到的剪切波分裂系统性变化的证据,通过监测震前的应力积累可预测即将发生的大震的时间和震级。通过对冰岛西南部的M1．7级震群事件到台湾Ms7．7级集集地震等15个震例（其中包括成功预测的冰岛西南部的M5．0地震）的剪切波分裂研究,可以看到预测效果。大地震发生前观测到剪切波分裂时间延迟会明显增加,而临震前短时间内时间延迟会突然下降。研究表明,震级与临震前这种时间延迟增加的持续时间和减小的持续时间的对数都具有线性相关。然而,作为日常应力预测常缺乏适当的持续小震群。可靠的地震预测需要应力监测站（简称SMS）中采用毗邻钻孔中的可控源井间地震技术。利用应力监测站的全球网络实时应力预测世界范围破坏性地震是非常可能的。     

辽宁盖州海城地区地壳剪切波分裂特征

2012年2月2日,在辽宁盖州(40.56°N,122.36°E)发生M_L4.7地震,此后该地区小震不断,地震活动持续至今仍未停止,发生多次4级以上地震。与此同时,海城地震老震区小震持续活动,自盖州震群活动以来,亦发生1100多次M_L≥1.0地震。基于这2丛地震活动,研究了盖州-海城地区的剪切波分裂特征。初步研究结果表明,海城老震区快剪切波优势偏振方向较为稳定,与该地区区域应力场方向基本一致。由于盖县台下方存在活动断裂,其快剪切波的优势偏振方向较为复杂,存在2个优势偏振方向,分别与台站下方的金州断裂走向和该区最大主应力方向一致。此外,2013年12月22日之后,盖州震群活动突然增强,与此同时,自该时间之后,盖县台(GAX)所反映出的快剪切波优势偏振方向为SEE向,与营口台(YKO)的快剪切波优势方向基本接近,同时与该区最大主应力方位较为一致。由此可以推断,盖州震群自2013年12月22日的这组增强活动或与区域应力的局部增强有关。但这2个震群的慢波时间延迟变化相对较小,与以往相关研究中强震前慢波时间延迟的变化差异较大。     

2009年“霍山窗”小震群S波分裂研究

采用互相关系数法,计算了2009 年“霍山窗”地区小震群S 波分裂参数,结果表明,S波分裂现象明显,快S 波平均偏振方向为NEE,与区域最大水平主压应力方向基本一致。通过分析延迟时间随时间的变化趋势,发现延迟时间在几次较大地震前呈现增加的趋势,并且在临震前短时间内出现减小的现象。这一现象符合震前应力长时间积累和短时间应力释放的地震孕育发生机制,而时间延迟在强震前出现下降则可能具有重要的地震短临预测意义。     

山东地区地壳三维纵横波速度和泊松比结构及其对地震活动性的影响

基于山东及邻区丰富的P波和S波到时数据反演获得了研究区内高精度的三维纵横波速度结构和泊松比异常分布形态。结果表明:2020年济南长清M_S4.1地震震中位于P波、S波高低速异常和高低泊松比异常过渡带,可能是区域构造应力下长清断裂发生左旋走滑运动的结果;2003年青岛崂山M_L4.1地震、崂山震群、乳山震群和长岛震群等的发生可能都受到流体的强烈影响,流体沿已有的较大断裂或相对完整岩体内的裂隙侵入,诱发断裂活动或裂隙破裂,从而导致中强地震或震群活动的发生。      

海南省东方地区1992年小震群剪切波分裂研究

１９９２年１月海南省东方县发生小震群活动，本文利用在震中附近设立的５台ＤＣＳ－３０２数字磁带加速度地震仪记录的近场资料，进行了剪切波分裂的研究采用相关函数方法，通过对１８个做了精确定位的地震事件共４２条有效记录的分析，计算出了快剪切波的偏振方向为１１３°±１８Ｏ°，慢剪切波的时间延迟为（３．１±１．１）ｍｓ／ｋｍ，裂隙密度的平均值为０．００９７±０．００３３．结合该地区的地震活动性，分析了区域应力变化对时间延迟的影响，并根据ＥＤＡ理论讨论了分裂剪切波的时间延迟的变化特征，发现快、慢剪切波的到时差（时间延迟）随地震活动性及应力积累而变化，并推断出该区的主压应力场为北西西方向．     

2014年5月30日盈江6.1级地震序列剪切波分裂研究

2014年5月24、30日,云南盈江分别发生了MS5.6和MS6.1地震。本文利用2014年5月24日盈江MS5.6地震后在震源区附近架设的流动地震台卡场台(KAC）记录到的波形资料,使用SAM 分析方法对盈江MS6.1地震序列进行剪切波分裂参数变化特征的研究。初步结果表明,MS6.1地震震前序列快剪切波优势偏振方向与区域主压应力方向一致,震前的快剪切波偏振方向与震后相比具有更好的一致性及更小的离散度,且盈江MS6.1地震余震序列的快剪切波偏振方向较前震序列可能有一个偏转。对比MS6.1地震的震前、震后发现,震前6天的数据显示出剪切波分裂时间延迟总体上呈现较低的水平,而震后的时间延迟值相对较高。     

2014年5月30盈江6.1级地震序列剪切波分裂研究

2014年5月24、30日,云南盈江分别发生了MS5.6和MS6.1地震。本文利用2014年5月24日盈江MS5.6地震后在震源区附近架设的流动地震台卡场台(KAC)记录到的波形资料,使用SAM分析方法对盈江MS6.1地震序列进行剪切波分裂参数变化特征的研究。初步结果表明,MS6.1地震震前序列快剪切波优势偏振方向与区域主压应力方向一致,震前的快剪切波偏振方向与震后相比具有更好的一致性及更小的离散度,且盈江MS6.1地震余震序列的快剪切波偏振方向较前震序列可能有一个偏转。对比MS6.1地震的震前、震后发现,震前6天的数据显示出剪切波分裂时间延迟总体上呈现较低的水平,而震后的时间延迟值相对较高。     

2014年5月30日盈江6.1级地震序列剪切波分裂研究

2014年5月24、30日,云南盈江分别发生了MS5.6和MS6.1地震。本文利用2014年5月24日盈江MS5.6地震后在震源区附近架设的流动地震台卡场台(KAC)记录到的波形资料,使用SAM分析方法对盈江MS6.1地震序列进行剪切波分裂参数变化特征的研究。初步结果表明,MS6.1地震震前序列快剪切波优势偏振方向与区域主压应力方向一致,震前的快剪切波偏振方向与震后相比具有更好的一致性及更小的离散度,且盈江MS6.1地震余震序列的快剪切波偏振方向较前震序列可能有一个偏转。对比MS6.1地震的震前、震后发现,震前6天的数据显示出剪切波分裂时间延迟总体上呈现较低的水平,而震后的时间延迟值相对较高。     

长宁—兴文地区应力降等震源参数与区域内显著地震的时空关系

基于中国地震台网提供的震相观测报告,利用双差方法对长宁—兴文地区2019—2020年1 948个M_L≥2.0地震事件进行了重定位,重定位后的1 823个M_L≥2.0地震事件分布显示长宁—兴文地区北区地震序列沿NW—SE方向背斜展布,而南区地震分布较分散。之后计算了四川长宁—兴文地区2019年6月17日至2020年12月31日208个M_L≥3.0地震事件的地震矩和应力降等震源参数,分析了2019年6月17日长宁MS6.0地震后研究区内地震应力降的演化特征,结果显示长宁—兴文地区中强地震发生前M_L3.0—3.9地震的应力降显著升高,且M_L≥4.0地震多发生在ML3.0—3.9地震的应力降高值区。     

辽宁1999年Ms5.9岫岩地震的剪切波分裂特征

利用辽宁遥测数字地震台网营口台的地震波形资料,采用高原等剪切波分裂SAM分析方法,对1999年11月29日辽宁省岫岩Ms5.9(ML5.3)地震前后的地震序列进行了剪切波分裂分析.通过对营口台的资料分析表明,快剪切波优势偏振方向为ENE-WSW向,与该地区主压应力方向一致,也与华北区域构造应力场方向一致;平均慢剪切波时间延迟在岫岩地震前显示增加,可能反映了震前的应力积累过程.营口台的快剪切波优势偏振方向还与小地震活动空间分布走向一致,与活动断层走向相关.快剪切波偏振的月平均变化直方图也显示,地震前两个月快剪切波偏振方向似乎也有变化,但这个现象还需要更多资料的证实.     

RESEARCH ON CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOCAL MECHANISM SOLUTIONS CONSISTENCY OF RUSHAN EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE,SHANDONG PROVINCE

Many small earthquakes occurred intensively and continuously and formed an earthquake sequence after the M_L3.8 earthquake happened at Rushan County, Shandong Province on October 1, 2013. Up to March, 2017, more than 13 000 events have been recorded, with 3 429 locatable shocks, of which 31 events with M_L ≥ 3.0. This sequence is rarely seen in East China for its extraordinary long duration and the extremely high frequency of aftershocks. To track the developing tendency of the earthquake sequence accurately, 20 temporary seismometers were arranged to monitor the sequence activities around the epicenter of the sequence since May 6, 2014. Firstly, this paper adopts double difference method to relocate the 1 418 earthquakes of M_L ≥ 1.0 recorded by temporary seismometers in the Rushan earthquake sequence (May 7, 2014 to December 31, 2016), the result shows that the Rushan earthquake sequence mainly extends along NWW-SEE and forms a rectangular activity belt of about 4km long and 3km wide. In addition, the seismogenic fault of Rushan earthquake sequence stretches along NWW-SEE with nearly vertical strike-slip movement and a small amount of thrust component. Then we apply the P-wave initial motion and CAP to invert the focal mechanism of earthquakes with M_L ≥ 1.5 in the study area. The earthquakes can be divided into several categories, including 3 normal fault earthquakes (0.9%), 3 normal-slip earthquakes (0.9%), 229 strike-slip earthquakes (65.8%), 18 thrust fault earthquakes (5.2%), 37 thrust-slip earthquakes (10.6%)and 58 undefined (16.6%). Most earthquakes had a strike-slip mechanism in Rushan (65.8%), which is one of the intrinsic characteristics of the stress field. According to the focal mechanism solutions, we further utilized the LSIB method (Linear stress inversion bootstrap)to invert the stress tensor of Rushan area. The result shows that the azimuth and plunge of three principal stress (σ₁, σ₂, σ₃) axes are 25°, 10°; 286°, 45°; 125°, 43°, respectively. Based on the stress field inversion results, we calculated the focal mechanism solutions consistency parameter (θ)and the angle (θ₁)between σ₁ and P axis. The trend lines of θ and θ₁ were relatively stable with small fluctuation near the average line over time. Furthermore, the earthquake sequence can be divided into three stages based on θ and θ₁ values. The first stage is before September 16, 2014, and the variation of the θ and θ₁ values is relatively smooth with short period. All focal mechanism solutions of the three M_L ≥ 3.0 earthquakes exhibited consistence. The second stage started from September 16, 2014 to July 1, 2015, the fluctuation range of θ and θ₁ values is larger than that of the first stage with a relative longer period. The last stage is after July 1, 2015, values of θ and θ₁ gradually changed to a periodic change, three out of the four M_L ≥ 3.0 earthquakes (strike-slip type)displayed a good consistency. Spatially, earthquakes occurred mainly in green, yellow-red regions, and the focal mechanism parameters consistency θ was dominant near the green region (around the average value), which presents a steady state, and the spatial locations are concordant with the distribution of θ value. Moreover, all of M_L ≥ 3.0 earthquakes are located in the transitional region from the mean value to lower value area or region below the mean value area, which also indicates the centralized stress field of the region.     

THE SHEAR-WAVE SPLITTING OF GAIZHOU EARTHQUAKE SWARM IN LIAONING

An M_L4.7 earthquake occurred on February 2,2012 in Liaoning Gaizhou (40.56°N,122.36°E),since then,small earthquakes are frequent in this area,and until now the seismic activity does not stop,several earthquakes with magnitude larger than 4.0 have occurred.As of October 30,2014,1223 earthquakes have happened in the Gaizhou area,including 934 earthquakes with the magnitude M_L1.0~1.9,247 with the magnitude M_L2.0~2.9 and 45 with the magnitude M_L3.0~3.9.Meanwhile,earthquakes are continuously active in Haicheng area where the M_S7.3 earthquake happened in 1975,and there are over 1100 earthquakes (M_L ≥ 1.0) having occurred since the Gaizhou earthquake swarm activity.Because the polarization direction of the fast shear wave is very sensitive to the variation of the principal stress environment,the shear wave splitting parameter can reflect the regional stress state and the local structural features,especially effective for the analysis of small-scale stress environment characteristics.So based on the seismic activities of the two earthquake clusters,this study analyzes the characteristics of shear-wave splitting in Gaizhou-Haicheng area.Preliminary results show that predominant polarization direction of fast shear-waves in the old earthquake region of Haicheng is stable,consistent with the direction of regional stress field.Due to presence of active fault below the Gaixian station (GAX),the predominant polarization direction of fast shear-waves is more complicated.There are two predominant polarizations,consistent respectively with Jinzhou Fault strike which is below the station and the maximum principal stress direction in this area.In addition,Gaizhou earthquake swarm activity increased after December 22,2013,and after the time node,the predominant polarization direction of fast shear-waves in Gaixian station is SEE,which is close to the predominant polarization direction of fast shear-waves in Yingkou station,at the same time consistent with the maximum principal stress direction of this region.Thus it can be inferred,the enhanced activity of Gaizhou earthquake swarm since December 22,2014 may be related to local enhancement of regional stress.In addition,the average time-delays of slow waves in station YKO and GAX show that there are no obvious changes before and after the time point of December 22,2013,which is different greatly with the previous related researches on the variation of slow wave time-delays,and there is no possibility that the Gaizhou earthquake swarm evolved into foreshock sequences from current preliminary results.We should do more work to study the details of the time delay variation of shear wave splitting parameter.     

STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEISMIC DISTRIBUTIONOF RUSHAN SEQUENCE AND VELOCITY STRUCTURE

Since the earthquake of M_L3.8 occurring on October 1, 2013 in Ruishan, Weihai City, Shandong Province, the sequence has lasted for about 4 years(Aug. 31, 2017). Seismicity is enhanced or weakened and fluctuated continuously. More than 13250 aftershocks have been recorded in Shandong Seismic Network. During this period, the significant earthquake events were magnitude 4.2(M_L4.7)on January 7, 4.0(M_L4.5)on April 4, M3.6(M_L 4.1)on September 16 in 2014 and M4.6(M_L5.0)on May 22, 2015. The earthquake of M_L5.0 was the largest one in the Rushan sequence so far. In order to strengthen the monitoring of aftershocks, 18 temporary stations were set up near the epicenter at the end of April, 2014(official recording began on May 7)by Shandong Earthquake Agency, which constitutes an intensified network in Rushan that surrounds the four quadrants of the small earthquake concentration area together with 12 fixed stations nearby, and provides an effective data foundation for the refinement of Rushan earthquake sequence. The velocity structure offers important information related to earthquake location and the focal medium, providing an important basis for understanding the background and mechanism of the earthquake. In this paper, double-difference tomography method is used to relocate the seismic events recorded by more than six stations of Rushan array from May 7, 2014 to December 31, 2016, and the inversion on the P-wave velocity structure of the focal area is conducted. The Hyposat positioning method is used to relocate the absolute position. Only the stations with the first wave arrival time less than 0.1 second are involved in the location. A total of 14165 seismic records are obtained, which is much larger than that recorded by Shandong Seismic Network during the same period with 7708 earthquakes and 2048 localizable ones. A total of 1410 earthquakes with M_L ≥ 1.0 were selected to participate in the inversion. Precise relocation of 1376 earthquakes is obtained by using double-difference tomography, in which, there are 14318 absolute traveltime P waves and 63162 relative travel time P waves. The epicenters are located in distribution along NWW-SEE toward SEE and tend to WS, forming a seismic belt with the length about 3km and width about 1km. The focal depths are mainly concentrated between 4km and 9km, occurring mainly at the edge of the high velocity body, and gradually dispersing with time. It has obvious temporal and spatial cluster characteristics. Compared with the precise relocation of Shandong network, the accuracy of the positioning of Rushan array is higher. The main reason is that the epicenter of Rushan earthquake swarm is near the seaside, and the fixed stations of Shandong Seismic Network are located on the one side of the epicenter. The nearest three stations(RSH, HAY, WED)from the epicenter are Rushan station with epicentral distance about 13km, the Haiyang station with epicentral distance about 33km, and Wendeng station with epicentral distance about 42km. The epicentral distance of the rest stations are more than 75km. In addition, the magnitude of most earthquakes in Rushan sequence is small. The accuracy of phase identification is relatively limited due to the slightly larger epicentral distance of the station HAY and station WED in Shandong Seismic Network. Furthermore, the one-dimensional velocity model used in network location is simple with only the depth and velocity of Moho surface and Conrad surface. The epicentral distances of the 18 temporary stations in Rushan are less than 10km, and the initial phase is clear. The island station set up on the southeast side and the Haiyangsuo station on the southwest side form a comprehensive package for the epicenter. Compared with the double-difference algorithm method, the double-difference tomography method used in this paper is more accurate for the velocity structure, thus can obtain the optimal relocation result and velocity structure. the velocity structure shows that there are three distinct regions with different velocities in the vicinity of the focal area. The earthquakes mainly occur in the intersection of the three regions and on the side of the high velocity body. With the increase of depth, P wave velocity increases gradually and there are two distinct velocity changes. The aftershock activities basically occur near the dividing line to the high velocity side. The south side is low velocity abnormal body and the north side is high velocity abnormal body. High velocity body becomes shallower from south to north, which coincides with the tectonic conditions of Rushan. Considering the spatial relationships between the epicenter distribution and the high-low velocity body and different lithology of geological structure, and other factors, it is inferred that the location of the epicenter should be the boundary of two different rock bodies, and there may be a hidden fault in the transition zone between high velocity abnormal body and low velocity abnormal body. The interface position of the high-low velocity body, the concentrating area of the aftershocks, is often the stress concentration zone, the medium is relatively weak, and the intensity is low. There is almost no earthquake in the high velocity abnormal body, and the energy accumulated in the high velocity body is released at the peripheral positions. It can be seen that the existence of the high-low velocity body has a certain control effect on the distribution of the aftershocks.     

乳山地震序列区域台网及台阵定位结果对比

精确定位的活动图像为了解断层产状和深部构造提供了重要基础信息。本文采用2014年5月7日至2015年12月31日期间山东地震台网及乳山台阵记录的乳山地震序列M_L ≥ 1.5级地震进行双差定位对比研究。定位结果显示:山东地震台网记录的地震经精定位后,震源位置呈现北西向（约315°）展布,剖面上地震分布较为均匀,震源深度3-11km。乳山台阵记录的地震经精定位后,震源位置呈现北西西向（约290°）展布,在空间上多处相对集中,体现了序列空间分布的丛集特征;剖面中心位置地震明显较少,此处似乎存在一凹凸体,序列地震基本发生在凹凸体的周围,震源深度集中分布在4-8km。从已有震源机制解、台站布局、精定位残差、现场调查等多方面综合分析认为,乳山台阵精定位结果更加准确。     

APPARENT STRESS VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS BEFORE AND AFTER BADONG EARTHQUAKE IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA

The causes of earthquakes in the Three Gorges reservoir area are complex. In order to study the cause of earthquakes happening in the region, we calculated the source parameters of 394 M_L ≥ 2.0 earthquakes occurring in Three Gorges reservoir area based on waveform data observed by the regional seismic network of Hubei Province and Three Gorges, obtained the apparent stress spatial-temporal variation map of Three Gorges reservoir area, and analyzed apparent stress spatial-temporal variation characteristics before and after the main earthquakes in the Three Gorges reservoir area. The results show that:1)Before the Badong M_L5.5, Zigui M_L4.7 and Zigui M_L5.1 earthquake, high apparent stress of earthquakes with different magnitudes is concentrated in Xinhua-Shuitianba Fault and Gaoqiao Fault. The distribution of high value area shows the high degree of synergism before the earthquake and the scattering after the earthquake, which indicates that the area accumulated a high stress before the earthquake, and the fault was in a locked state; 2)In the study area, the apparent stress before and after the earthquake showed significant rise in the first and then decline, the earthquake occurred in the process of rising; 3)Apparent stress depth profiles show that apparent stress at different depths has a positive correlation with the size of magnitude of earthquake, and the phenomenon of "small magnitude and strong apparent stress" did not appear. The small earthquakes occurring after the major earthquakes in the study area belong to low strain release under the background of low stress release, and there are no new apparent stress anomaly concentration areas appearing, this indicates that the Badong-Gaoqiao Fault, Zhoujiashan-Niukou Fault and Zigui Xiannushan Fault have been effective in releasing after the Badong earthquake and Zigui earthquakes and the probability of destructive earthquake is small on these faults.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF TECTONIC STRESS FIELD OF THE XIAOWAN RESERVOIR BEFORE AND AFTER THE IMPOUNDMENT

Using the seismic waveform data of Xiaowan seismic network and Yunnan seismic network, we determined the focal mechanisms of 36 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 3.0)from Jun. 2005 to Dec. 2008 and 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2015 by generalized polarity and amplitude technique. We inverted tectonic stress field of the Xiaowan reservoir before impounding, using the focal mechanisms of 36 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 3.0)from Jun. 2005 to Dec. 2008 and CAP solutions of 58 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 4.0)collected and the solutions in the Global Centroid Moment Tensor(GCMT)catalog; We inverted local stress field of the reservoir-triggered earthquake clustering area, using 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2015. Focal mechanisms statistics show that, the Weixi-Qiaohou Fault is the seismic fault. Focal mechanisms were strike-slip type in initial stage, but normal fault type in later stage. Focal depths statistics of 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)show that, the average value of focal depths in period Ⅰ, period Ⅱ and period Ⅲ are 8.2km, 7.3km and 7.8km respectively and the standard deviations are 4.3km, 3.5km and 6.0km respectively. The average value of focal depths is basically stable in different period, only the standard deviation is slightly different. Therefore, there is not positive connection between focal depth and deviation of focal mechanisms. What's more, there are 2 earthquakes(number 46 and number 47 in Fig.5 and Table 3)with almost the same magnitude, epicenter and focal depth, but they have different faulting types as normal and strike-slip. The focal mechanism of event No.46 is strike:302°, dip:40° and rake:-97° for plane Ⅰ, however, the focal mechanism of event No.47 is strike:292°, dip:82° and rake:140° for plane Ⅰ. Likewise, earthquake of number 3 and number 18 have similar characteristic. Therefore, the obvious focal mechanism difference of similar earthquake pair indicates the complexity of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault. Considering the quiet-active character of reservoir-triggered earthquakes, we discussed the change of local stress field in different period. The σ₁ of tectonic stress field was in the near-south direction, with a dip angle of 14° before the impoundment, however, the direction of σ₁ of local stress field changed continuously, with the dip angle getting larger after the impoundment. The direction of σ₁ of local stress field of reservoir-triggered earthquake clustering area is close to the strike of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault, and reservoir impoundment increased the shear stress in the fault, so the weakening of fault was beneficial to trigger earthquakes. Comprehensive analysis suggests that fluid permeation and pore pressure diffusion caused by the water impounding, and the weakening of fault caused by local stress field are the key factors to trigger earthquake in the Xiaowan reservoir.     

山东乳山震群重复地震P波频散衰减特征分析

利用波形互相关方法识别乳山震群中的重复地震,挑选一组在时间上跨越2015年5月22日M_L 5.0地震的重复地震序列（repeating earthquake sequences,RES）,利用测算单台直达P波第一个周期信号频散衰减特性的方法,估算乳山震群震源区介质品质因子,结果显示,不同路径下Q_m值随时间的变化形态基本一致,即此次M_L 5.0地震前Q_m值升高,临震及震后Q_m值下降并恢复至震前水平。同时,通过对震源区近场及远场应力状态的相关性分析,认为此次M_L 5.0地震发生在远场作用下区域构造应力状态调整过程中,与区域构造的介质状态、断层分布、速度结构密切相关。     

吉林省前郭地区地震各向异性的初步探讨

2013年11月吉林省前郭地区连续发生地震,本文利用11月1日到24日前郭地区6个流动地震台站记录的地震波形数据资料,使用剪切波分裂分析方法初步获得了每一个台站的剪切波快波偏振方向和慢波延迟时间,并初步探讨了研究区域地壳应力的分布.快波偏振方向主要为北西向和北东向,但是在整体上北西向的一致性较好,北东向的结果较为零散,反映了研究区域内复杂的应力特征.北西向的各向异性方向与发震断裂的走向垂直,与地震在空间上的展布方向一致.北西向的快剪切波偏振方向与地表运动速度场的方向也是一致的.快波偏振方向的分布与逆冲兼走滑的震源机制解结果基本吻合.慢波延迟时间的结果在0.85~6.93 ms·km^-1范围内.M_S5.3、5.8级地震前后慢波延迟时间的特征性变化反映了地壳应力的积累,以及随着地震发生应力的释放.     

海城地震的前、余震波谱变化

研究了海城大地震前、后小地震的波谱变化。对M_L=2.5-3.9级小地震引入修改的平均断错概念:F＇=M_L-logS,结果表明:大地震前F＇约3.0,大地震后约2.5。此外,采用公式logM₀=1.7M_L+15.1测定地震矩,并用△σ=CM_{0/S^{3/2测定应力降,结果为:前震应力降为数巴,余震应力降为一巴以下。}}