异型柱框架地震反应计算分析

用时程分析法和反应谱法对无支撑钢筋混凝土异型柱框架进行了弹性地震反应分析，并对二者计算结果进行了比较。然后用时程分析法对无支撑和不同支撑设置的异型柱框架进行了弹塑性地震反应分析，提出了关于异型柱框架计算和设计的几点建议。     

土层对地震的随机反应分析

利用随机振动理论,本文研究了非均匀土层对地震的动力反应问题,假定土层的剪切模量随深度呈指数函数形式分布,关于基岩输入地震动加速度的功率谱密度函数,考虑了两种形式：白噪声谱和有色谱,为了比较起见,文中考虑了均匀土层的情形,数值计算表明;（１）在基岩输入地震动加速度的功率谱密度为白谱的情况下,土层的最大期望反应（相对位移,绝对加速度,剪应变）大于基岩输入地震动的功率谱为有色谱的情形;（２）在土层的上部     

恢复力模型中求突变折点的一种新方法

在结构弹塑性动力计算中,恢复力曲线是一个重要问题。简化的折线型恢复力模型虽然应用简单,计算工作量小,但是有个突出缺点,即存在很多刚度突变点,即折点,这给计算带来麻烦。本文针对这一问题,提出了一种折点处理新方法。利用结构动力学方程和线性加速度法等推导出求解折线型恢复力模型中加载点和卸载点两类折点的计算公式。该公式基于结构动力学方程推导而来,逻辑严密,结果可信,精度有保证。此外,计算突变折点出现时刻,仅涉及结构动力特性等几个已知量,计算简单,不需迭代,计算工作量小。而且加载点与卸载点两类折点的计算公式形式简单又统一,方便编程。     

多层砖房的地震可靠性分析

本文给出了多层砖房在其使用期内的地震破坏概率的计算力法。地震扰动用随机过程表示,结构的破坏用最大位移和累积能量耗损两个参数来评定。建议了一个砖结构的恢复力模型,据此模型,通过拟合非弹性反应谱给出了简单砖结构的等效线性参数。在动力分析中,不仅考虑了荷载的随机性,同时还考虑了参数的不确定性和分析模型的误差的影响。作为应用例子,用本方法计算了满足我国现行抗震规范要求的一座三层砖房的地震破坏概率。     

结构动力反应分析中阻尼和恢复力的相关性

以具有理想弹性恢复力模型的单自由度体系作为研究对象，分别考察了结构恢复力强度误差和刚度误差对结构弹塑性地震反应时程分析结果的影响，讨论了结构反应最佳等效的条件下阻尼和恢复力的相互影响规律。     

多自由度滞变结构随机地震反应分析的均值反应谱方法

本文基于等效线性化和引伸到非平稳情形的随机振动反应谱方法,提出一个计算多自由度滞变结构的随机地震反应的近似方法。用此方法分析了遭受唐山地震破坏的两座多层框架房屋,计算结果与地震破坏情况基本上一致。     

基于Bouc-Wen-Baber-Noori模型的非弹性反应谱研究

建立一个能够合理有效地反映结构刚度退化、强度退化以及捏拢效应的滞回模型有助于澄清强度退化、刚度退化和捏拢效应对非弹性反应谱的影响。因此,本文将能够表征不同滞回特性的Bouc-Wen-Baber-Noori模型引入到单自由度体系非弹性反应谱的研究中,通过将运动方程转化为一阶偏微分方程组,然后采用Gear法求解,分别研究了强度退化、刚度退化和捏拢效应对相对位移反应谱和绝对加速度反应谱的影响。在此基础上通过引入增量动力分析理论,研究了非弹性反应谱与地震动加速度峰值之间的关系。鉴于Bouc-Wen-Baber-Noori模型参数众多,本文对基于Bouc-WenBaber-Noori模型的非弹性反应谱进行了参数敏感性分析,获得了各参数对单自由度体系非弹性反应谱的影响阶数。研究结果表明:强度退化对非弹性反应谱的影响较小;刚度退化对非弹性反应谱具有一定的影响;捏拢效应在非弹性反应谱的研究中不可忽略。这一结论,可望澄清不同研究者关于滞回特性对非弹性反应谱的影响所存在的认识分歧。     

考虑设计地震分组的强度折减系数的研究

强度折减系数既是基于强度的抗震设计中确定设计地震力的关键因素，又是基于性态的抗震设计理论中确定非弹性反应谱的主要依据. 本文结合我国抗震设计反应谱的形式和特点，应用823条国内外水平向地震动记录（充分利用了我国取得的强震记录），给出了一种考虑设计地震分组和场地类别的强度折减系数模型，研究了结构周期、延性、场地类别、设计地震分组、震级、震中距等因素对强度折减系数的影响. 结果表明:场地条件对强度折减系数的影响是不可忽略的，特别是对延性较大的短周期结构更应注意场地条件的影响；设计地震分组是影响强度折减系数的一个重要因素，在应用我国规范设计反应谱构造非弹性反应谱所用的强度折减系数必须考虑设计分组的影响；震级对强度折减系数的影响较小；如不考虑近场大脉冲地震动记录的影响，震中距对强度折减系数的影响是可以忽略的.      

面向设计应用的地震动空间相干函数模型

本文对现有的常用地震动空间相干模型进行了总结,提出了一个新的面向工程抗震设计应用的形式统一的地震动空间相干函数模型,在此基础上推导出了多点地震反应谱和功率谱计算所需要的振型组合系数的解析表达式,避免了耗费时间的数值积分运算。本文模型与计算方法使多点地震激励下结构响应的计算时间减低至积分方法的1/20以下,使多点地震反应谱方法和多点地震功率谱方法在计算时间方面实用化。     

框架结构剪切刚度的实用计算方法

以6、8、12层平面钢筋混凝土框架结构作为算例模型,首先介绍了从层间水平总位移中减掉弯曲位移以得到剪切位移、并利用此位移来确定真实剪切刚度的计算方法;其次,提出了利用D值法理论刚度调整值和本文推导的刚度比与层数比的拟合曲线,来确定真实剪切弹性刚度实用值的方法和恢复力模型相关参数的方法。最后通过一个10层结构的例子进行了地震反应弹塑性时程分析,验证了真实剪切刚度实用计算方法的合理性和恢复力模型相关参数的可靠性。结果表明,所提的框架结构剪切弹性刚度实用值计算方法和各层恢复力模型参数的确定方法简单易懂,精度高,在确定剪切刚度环节中,可以替代繁琐复杂的推覆分析。     

Seismic inelastic design spectra

To alleviate some of the shortcomings associated with the statistically based inelastic spectral shapes, a rigorous method for the construction of inelastic design spectra is proposed. The method is based on several bounds which are derived from the differential equation of motion for a single degree of freedom system. Comparisons of the proposed spectral bounds with the actual elastoplastic response spectra and with the 84 per cent Newmark elastoplastic design spectra reveal that the proposed method yields a more economical, reliable and simple design aid. To demonstrate the quality of the proposed bounds, comparisons of the bounding spectra with their corresponding constant ductility elastoplastic response spectra for a number of records have been presented.     

双向地震动作用的拟等延性系数谱

首先建立了以强度折减系数表述的恢复力特性满足二维屈服面模型的理想弹塑性单质点系统(它在2个相互垂直的主轴方向上分别具有水平平动自由度)在双向地震动作用下的归一化运动方程。然后引入单向地震动作用下等延性系数的强度折减系数谱,给出了双向地震动作用的拟等延性系数谱(定义为系统分别承受双向和单向地震动作用,在同一主轴方向上的最大位移反应之比)最后通过硬土场地10组双向地震动记录拟等延性系数谱的统计平均结果,分析了结构周期、位移延性系数和阻尼等因素对谱值及结构双向地震反应的影响。结果表明,双向地震动作用与单向地震动作用相比主要增加结构较长周期方向的最大位移反应。若在基于位移的抗震设计中降低结构较短周期方向的设计位移延性系数,可在一定程度上降低双向地震动的不利影响。因定义的谱为比值形式,阻尼对其影响不大。     

Hysteretic energy spectrum and damage control

The inelastic response of single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems subjected to earthquake motions is studied and a method to derive hysteretic energy dissipation spectra is proposed. The amount of energy dissipated through inelastic deformation combined with other response parameters allow the estimation of the required deformation capacity to avoid collapse for a given design earthquake. In the first part of the study, a detailed analysis of correlation between energy and ground motion intensity indices is carried out to identify the indices to be used as scaling parameters and base line of the energy dissipation spectrum. The response of elastoplastic, bilinear, and stiffness degrading systems with 5 per cent damping, subjected to a world‐wide ensemble of 52 earthquake records is considered. The statistical analysis of the response data provides the factors for constructing the energy dissipation spectrum as well as the Newmark–Hall inelastic spectra. The combination of these spectra allows the estimation of the ultimate deformation capacity required to survive the design earthquake, capacity that can also be presented in spectral form as an example shows. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

近场地震动特性及其弹性与塑性谱的研究

结构在近场地震动作用下的反应和远场地震动作用下的明显不同,这主要是由近场地震动高能量的速度脉冲等特征决定的。通过对110条近场地震动记录的分析．得到了相应的弹性反应谱,并通过对近场地震动和远场地震动作用下结构塑性分析进行对比．得到了以下结论：近场地震动作用下结构的弹性反应谱与规范谱明显不同,尤其在长周期阶段,表明规范谱值偏小;近场地震动作用对结构提出了更高的强度和变形需求。     

Estimating inelastic response spectra from elastic spectra

Inelastic displacement response spectra are determined for a broad class of single-degree-of-freedom hysteretic structures. Based on these spectra, effective linear period and damping parameters are defined as a function of ductility. A simple empirical formula is derived which may be used to estimate the mid-period range inelastic response spectrum of a general hysteretic structure given the linear response spectrum of the excitation. The estimates obtained from this formula are compared with those obtained by the Newmark-Hall method, the substitute–structure method and the ATC–3 tentative procedure. It is found that the empirical formula not only gives good estimates of the average behaviour of the inelastic spectrum, but also reproduces some of the details of the spectrum.     

施甸5.9级地震强震观测资料的时-频反应谱分析

通过对施甸5．9级地震在太平等观测点的强震记录进行时一频反应谱计算,给出了三个方向的时一频反应谱图,根据时一频反应谱的特点,结合场地条件,对这些场点的震害情况进行了分析,指出了在结构抗震方面应注意的环节,并对时一频反应谱的应用进行了探讨。     

Capacity spectrum method based on inelastic demand spectra

By means of a graphical procedure, the capacity spectrum method compares the capacity of a structure with the demands of earthquake ground motion on it. In the present version of the method, highly damped elastic spectra have been used to determine seismic demand. A more straightforward approach for the determination of seismic demand is based on the use of the inelastic strength and displacement spectra which can be obtained directly by time-history analyses of inelastic SDOF systems, or indirectly from elastic spectra. The advantages of the two approaches (i.e. the visual representation of the capacity spectrum method and the superior physical basis of inelastic demand spectra) can be combined. In this paper, the idea of using inelastic demand spectra within the capacity spectrum method has been elaborated and is presented in an easy to use format. The approach represents the so-called N2 method formulated in the format of the capacity spectrum method. By reversing the procedure, a direct displacement-based design can be performed. The application of the modified capacity spectrum method is illustrated by means of two examples. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inelastic design spectra accounting for soil conditions

This paper is concerned with the effect of soil conditions on the response of single-degree-of-freedom inelastic systems subjected to earthquake motions. The ground motions considered are 72 horizontal components of motion, most of them recorded during the 3 March, 1985 Chile earthquake (M_s = 7·8) and two main aftershocks; among these records are some of the strongest and longer duration earthquake motions ever recorded. The recording station sites were classified in one of three soil types, which can be generically referred to as rock, firm ground, and medium stiffness soil. Response results for each group were analysed statistically to obtain factors for deriving inelastic design spectra of the Newmark-Hall type, as well as alternative simplified spectral shapes suitable for code formulation. Particular attention was given to the response modification factors (R) that are commonly used in seismic codes to reduce the ordinates of the elastic spectrum to account for the energy dissipation capacity of the structure. The response modification factors, known to be function of both the natural period of vibration and the ductility factor, are found to be dependent on soil conditions, particularly in the case of medium stiffness soils. It is also shown that the indirect procedure of applying R to the elastic design spectrum is less accurate than directly using functions that represent the inelastic design spectrum.     

Median floor acceleration spectra of linear structures with uncertain properties

Response parameters used to estimate nonstructural damage differ depending on whether deformation‐sensitive or acceleration‐sensitive components are considered. In the latter case, seismic demand is usually represented through floor spectra, that is response spectra in terms of pseudo‐acceleration, which are calculated at the floor levels of the structure where the nonstructural components are attached to. Objective of this paper is to present a new spectrum‐to‐spectrum method for calculating floor acceleration spectra, which is able to explicitly account for epistemic uncertainties in the modal properties of the supporting structure. By using this method, effects on the spectra of possible variations from nominal values of the periods of vibration of the structure can be estimated. The method derives from the extension of closed‐form equations recently proposed by the authors to predict uniform hazard floor acceleration spectra. These equations are built to rigorously account for the input ground motion uncertainty, that is the record‐to‐record variability of the nonstructural response. In order to evaluate the proposed method, comparisons with exact spectra obtained from a standard probabilistic seismic demand analysis, as well as spectra calculated using the Eurocode 8 equation, are finally shown. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Scaling of residual displacements in terms of elastic and inelastic spectral displacements for existing SDOF systems

Structures undergoing inelastic displacements during earthquake ground motions are known to sustain some amount of residual displacements, which may make them unusable or unsafe. In this study an attempt is made to estimate residual displacements for elastic-perfectly-plastic single-degree-of-freedom oscillators with a given lateral strength ratio. It is observed in the case of a class of ground motions that there are no trends in the dependence of residual displacement on the temporal features of the ground motion, and thus any estimation of residual displacements should be carried out only in the statistical sense. Statistical estimation of residual displacement spectrum via normalization with respect to inelastic or elastic spectral displacements is considered, and it is found that normalization with respect to inelastic spectral displacements is preferable. Expressions for residual displacement spectra are proposed for both types of normalizations and for the givenlateral-strength-ratio type oscillators.