Relocation of the 1998 Zhangbei-Shangyi earthquake sequence using the double difference earthquake location algorithm

Introduction On January 10, 1998, at 11h50min Beijing Time (03h50min UTC), an earthquake of ML=6.2 occurred in the border region between the Zhangbei County and Shangyi County of Hebei Province. In total 87 events with ML3.0 were recorded by Beijing Telemetry Seismic Network (BTSN) before March of 1999. Before relocation the preliminary hypocenters determined by BTSN showed an epicentral distribution of 25 km long and 25 km wide without any predominate orientation. The epicentral a…     

2019年6月17日四川长宁地震重定位及震源机制研究

采用双差重定位和W震相波形反演方法分析 “地震编目系统” 和中国地震台网中心提供的地震观测报告及区域地震波形数据，对2019年四川长宁地震序列进行了重定位，反演获取了M＞4.5地震的震源机制解。地震序列重定位结果显示，长宁地震序列沿NW优势方向呈条带状分布，集中分布于5—10 km深度范围，且发震断层面呈高倾角。震源机制反演结果表明，2019年6月17日四川长宁M_S6.0主震的两个可能发震断层面参数分别为:节面Ⅰ走向12°，倾角50°，滑动角139°；节面Ⅱ走向131°，倾角59°，滑动角48°，最优矩心深度为7.5 km，矩震级M_W5.74。此外几个M＞4.5余震的震源机制也基本与主震类似，均为以逆断为主外加少量走滑的地震破裂事件。综合分析长宁地震序列的重定位、震源机制反演结果以及震中和附近区域的地质构造背景信息推断，本次长宁主震的发震破裂面呈NW?SE走向，发震断层为长宁—双河背斜东北翼发育的逆冲断层。      

Changes in source parameters of foreshocks and aftershocks of the 2001 Ms=6.0 Yajiang,Sichuan, earthquake

In this paper changes in focal mechanisms) parameters of wave spectra, and stress drops for the Ms=5.0 forcshock and Ms=6.0 mainshock in February 2001 in Yajiang County, Sichuan, and seismicity in cpiccntral region are studied. Comparison of focal mechanisms for the Yajiang earthquakes with distribution patterns of aftcrshocks, the nodal plane Ⅰ, striking in the direction of NEN, of the Yajiang M=5.0 event is chosen as the faulting plane, the nodal plane Ⅱ, striking in the direction of WNW, of the M=6.0 event as the faulting plane. The strikes of the two faulting planes are nearly perpendicular to each other. The level of stress drops in the cpicentral region before the occurrence of the M=6.0 earthquake increases, which is consistent with increase of seismicity in the epicentral region. The rate decay of the Yajiang earthquake sequence, changes in wave spectra for foreshocks and aftershocks,and focal mechanisms are complex.     

2014年8月3日云南鲁甸6.5级地震序列破裂过程研究

本文利用主地震相对定位法,对2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震序列中的8月3日—9月30日地震进行了重新定位,借助于时空图像分析方法,对本次地震破裂过程进行了分析,得到如下结果:(1)2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震主要沿NW向破裂,存在沿NE向破裂的成分,但是NE向破裂并不明显;(2)地震破裂时,主要从主震震中处往ES方向传播,破裂带长度大约为10km,破裂面近乎直立;(3)余震活动主要集中于主震上方区域,震源深度大于主震的余震稀少.根据上述结果,结合当地的地震构造情况和本次地震的震源机制解,分析表明,本次地震的破裂面为NW向,其发震断层为包谷垴—小河断裂的可能性很大.     

Synthesis of accelerations of the 1976 Tangshan earthquake ( M S 7.8) in near- and far-field by using semi-empirical method

In this paper a heterogeneous fault model of the Tangshan earthquake is suggested, which consists of two southern sub-faults striking N30°E and two northern sub-faults striking N50°E. Total length of the main shock fault is 114 km and seismic moment is about 1.4 × 10²⁰ N·m. The epicentre of the main shock is located at the southern part, near the intersection of the two bands. Accelerations of two aftershocks (M _L 5.5, M _S 6.9) were used as empirical Green’s functions to synthesize the accelerations of the main shock in near and far field. A method that small events and main shock are considered not satisfying the similarity relationship in the improved empirical Green’s function is also applied in this paper. Peak values, duration and response spectra of synthesized accelerations in far field are in agreement with the observed records. The synthesized results in near field are also in agreement with the epicentral intensity distribution of the main shock. The results show that the peak acceleration of Tangshan earthquake in epicentral region exceeds 1.1 g. It is consistent with the peak accelerations recorded in some large earthquakes occurred in recent years. The research is supported by the National Science Foundation of China.     

Relocation of the MS5.7 Earthquake Sequence in Songyuan, Jilin Province, 2018 and the Analysis of Its Seismogenic Structure

The 2018,Songyuan,Jilin M_S5. 7 earthquake occurred at the intersection of the FuyuZhaodong fault and the Second Songhua River fault. The moment magnitude of this earthquake is M_W5. 3,the centroid depth by the waveform fitting is 12 km,and it is a strike-slip type event. In this paper,with the seismic phase data provided by the China Earthquake Network, the double-difference location method is used to relocate the earthquake sequence,finally the relocation results of 60 earthquakes are obtained. The results show that the aftershock zone is about 4. 3km long and 3. 1km wide,which is distributed in the NE direction. The depth distribution of the seismic sequence is 9km-10 km. 1-2 days after the main shock,the aftershocks were scattered throughout the aftershock zone,and the largest aftershock occurred in the northeastern part of the aftershock zone. After 3-8 days,the aftershocks mainly occurred in the southwestern part of the aftershock zone. The profile distribution of the earthquake sequence shows that the fault plane dips to the southeast with the dip angle of about 75°. Combined with the regional tectonic setting,focal mechanism solution and intensity distribution,we conclude that the concealed fault of the Fuyu-Zhaodong fault is the seismogenic fault of the Songyuan M_S5. 7 earthquake. This paper also relocates the earthquake sequence of the previous magnitude 5. 0 earthquake in 2017. Combined with the results of the focal mechanism solution,we believe that the two earthquakes have the same seismogenic structure,and the earthquake sequence generally develops to the southwest. The historical seismic activity since 2009 shows that after the magnitude 5. 0 earthquake in 2017,the frequency and intensity of earthquakes in the earthquake zone are obviously enhanced,and attention should be paid to the development of seismic activity in the southwest direction of the earthquake zone.     

2015年7月3日皮山6.5级地震发震构造初步研究

基于新疆区域数字地震台网记录,采用CAP（Cut and Paste）方法反演了2015年7月3日皮山6.5级主震和部分M_S3.6以上余震的震源机制解和震源深度;采用HypoDD方法重新定位了序列中M_L2.5以上地震序列的震源位置,并利用小震分布和区域应力场拟合了可能存在的发震断层面参数.基于上述研究,综合分析了皮山6.5级地震序列的震源深度、震源机制和震源破裂面特征,探讨可能的发震构造.结果显示,利用CAP方法得到的最佳双力偶机制解节面I：走向280°/倾角60°/滑动角90°;节面Ⅱ：走向100°/倾角30°/滑动角90°,矩心深度19 km,表明该地震为一次逆冲型地震事件.大部分M_S3.6以上余震震源机制与主震具有一定的相似性.双差定位结果显示,M_L2.5以上的余震序列主要分布在主震的西南方向,深度主要分布在0～15 km范围内,余震分布显示出与发震构造泽普隐伏断裂一致的倾向南西的特征.利用小震分布和区域应力场拟合得到发震断层参数为走向104°/倾角34°/滑动角94°,该结果与主震震源机制解中节面Ⅱ的滑动角较为接近,绝大多数余震发生在断层面附近10 km左右的区域.根据本研究得到的震源机制、精定位结果以及利用小震分布和区域应力场拟合得到的断层面的参数,结合震源区地质构造情况,初步给出了此次皮山6.5级地震的发震模式.     

2010年玉树地震序列ML≥4.0事件震源机制解特征分析

采用CAP方法反演2010年玉树7.1级地震序列前震、主震及余震19个M_L≥4.0事件的震源机制解，19个结果以走滑类型为主，前震、主震的震源机制解十分接近，反映出前震、主震之间密切的联系；震源深度集中在7~12 km，震源最浅（4.5 km）与最深（34 km）的两个余震事件具有明显的逆冲性质，表现出明显的边界特征；19个事件的震中分布在甘孜-玉树断裂北支玉树-隆宝断裂上，目前已经证明该断裂即为玉树地震的发震构造。自SE-NW沿玉树-隆宝断裂走向拉一剖面，观察震源深度沿剖面的变化情况，可看出玉树-隆宝断裂西北段震源深度要大于东南段，该段主要是余震活动的中后期，因此在地震活动的中后期，余震向地壳深部扩展，断裂累积的应变能得到更进一步的释放；P轴方位角优势分布集中在220°~230°，T轴方位优势分布集中在310°~320°，两个优势分布互相垂直性与单个事件的沙滩球应力轴一样，说明玉树地震的震源机制解类型较为简单；玉树周边地区应力场分布比较均匀，并不像汶川周边地区那么复杂，本次玉树地震为巴颜喀拉地块与羌塘块体边界处甘孜-玉树断裂应变能量的正常释放。     

2020年云南巧家M_S5.0地震微震检测及发震构造初步探讨

利用匹配定位方法对2020年5月18日云南巧家M_S5.0地震震后24h震源附近台站记录的连续波形进行遗漏地震扫描和定位,共识别出327个地震事件,约为台网目录的2.4倍,最小完整震级由最初的M_L1.9降至M_L1.1。随后,依据最新目录计算了震后震源区的b值,并结合余震展布形态,初步分析此次地震发震构造。研究结果显示,余震序列在平面上显示出NNW-SSE优势展布方向,长度约14km,震源优势深度集中在3～15km;深度剖面展示出主震的发震断层面较陡,并且具有向西倾的趋势。综合主震震源机制解、余震展布形态和周边地质构造背景,认为巧家M_S5.0地震发震断层可能为NNW-SSE向走滑性质的断裂,与2014年鲁甸MS6.5地震的发震构造密切相关。     

2013年山东莱州M4.6地震序列发震构造初探

采用双差定位法对山东莱州地震序列重新定位,通过CAP方法反演M4.6地震震源机制,在此基础上初步探讨莱州地震序列发震构造。结果显示:精确定位震中位置主要位于柞村—仙夼断裂的NW方向,深度剖面显示从SE方向到NW方向断层深度呈由浅逐渐变深的趋势,这均与柞村—仙夼断裂位置、走向、倾向特征较为吻合;M4.6地震震源机制解的节面Ⅰ与柞村—仙夼断裂走向、倾角较为接近。综合精确定位震中位置、剖面深度分布特征、M4.6地震震源机制解及宏观调查烈度分布等结果与柞村-仙夼断裂产状之间的关系,初步推测柞村—仙夼断裂可能为莱州地震序列的发震断层。     

2019年12月26日湖北应城M4.9地震震源参数及余震活动性研究

2019年12月26日湖北应城发生M4.9有感地震,其震感波及武汉大部分地区。为了分析该地震的发震构造及余震活动性,本文利用波形拟合方法测定了不同速度模型下该地震的震源机制解和矩心深度,并用Bootstrapping抽样反演技术评价反演结果;此外,利用模板匹配技术匹配主震和目录余震波形,获取了更为完整的余震目录。结果显示,应城地震以走滑为主,矩心深度7.5km左右,矩震级M_W4.67;应城地震有1个前震和17个余震,余震序列缺少M2~4事件,表明应城地震为孤立型地震,M2以下地震的b值为0.8。     

Body-wave waveform constraints on the source parameters of the Yangjiang,China, earthquake of July 25, 1969: A devastating earthquake in a stable continental region

On July 25, 1969, anM _s 5.9 earthquake shook the Kwangtung Province near Yangjiang, China. Casualties and extensive damage were reported in the epicentral area. The Yangjiang earthquake occurred within the passive margin located along China's southeast coast. This stable continental setting is seismically one of the most quiet regions of China; historic records indicate this earthquake to have been the first devastating one in the area. A remarkable feature of this earthquake sequence is that its foreshocks and aftershocks are relatively small in terms of number and magnitude despite the relatively large main shock.Waveforms of long-and short-period teleseismicP and long-period teleseismicSH waves have been modeled to estimate the source parameters for this earthquake. The focal mechanism determined is predominately strike-slip with a small normal component (strike=263°, dip=79°, rake=194°) and is in good agreement with observations in the epicentral area regarding dislocation direction of fissures, distribution of aftershocks, and isoseismals. The average seismic moment is 5.15×10²⁴ dyne-cm and the focal depth is estimated to be 9 km. The earthquake is characterized by a rather short source-time function and a high stress drop of approximately 380 bars. The observed pattern of the foreshock-main shock-aftershock sequence is interpreted in terms of the large stress drop associated with the main shock and the material properties at and near the source. TheP-axis orientation lies roughly NW-SE and is consistent with the maximum compressive stress observed along the coast of southeast China. This stress orientation is consistent with the NW subducting Philippine Sea plate and the SE ward push from central China due to the convergence between Indian and Eurasian subcontinents.     

2015年11月23日青海祁连MS5.2地震震源机制解及发震构造初步探讨

采用CAP（Cut and Paste）方法反演了2015年11月23日青海祁连M_S5.2主震的震源机制解，其最佳双力偶解：节面Ⅰ走向109°、倾角58°、滑动角21°，节面Ⅱ走向8°、倾角72°、滑动角146°，矩震级M_W5.16，矩心震源深度约为9 km。结合震区的活动构造，判定发震断层面为节面Ⅰ，推测托勒山北缘活动断裂中段为此次地震的发震断裂。     

Structural analysis and interpretation of the surface deformation associated with the Ning’er, Yunnan Province, China M S6.4 earthquake of June 3, 2007

The seismogenic fault and the dynamic mechanism of the Ning’er, Yunnan Province MS6.4 earthquake of June 3, 2007 are studied on the basis of the observation data of the surface fissures, sand blow and water eruption, land-slide and collapse associated with the earthquake, incorporating with the data of geologic structures, focal mecha-nism solutions and aftershock distribution for the earthquake area. The observation of the surface fissures reveals that the Banhai segment of the NW-trending Ning’er fault is dominated by right-lateral strike-slip, while the NNE-trending fault is dominated by left-lateral strike-slip. The seismo-geologic hazards are concentrated mainly within a 330°-extending zone of 13.5 km in length and 4 km in width. The major axis of the isoseismal is also oriented in 330° direction, and the major axis of the seismic intensity VIII area is 13.5 km long. The focal mechanism solutions indicate that the NW-trending nodal plane of the Ning’er MS6.4 earthquake is dominated by right-lateral slip, while the NE-trending nodal plane is dominated by left-lateral slip. The preferred distribution orientation of the aftershocks of MS≥2 is 330°, and the focal depths are within the range of 3~12 km, predominantly within 3~10 km. The distribution of the aftershocks is consistent with the distribution zone of the seismo-geologic hazards. All the above-mentioned data indicate that the Banhai segment of the Ning’er fault is the seismogenic fault of this earthquake. Moreover, the driving force of the Ning’er earthquake is discussed in the light of the active block theory. It is believed that the northward pushing of the Indian plate has caused the eastward slipping of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which has been transformed into the southeastern-southernward squeezing of the southwest Yunnan region. As a result, the NW-trending faults in the vicinity of the Ning’er area are dominated by right-lateral strike-slip, while the NE-trending faults are dominated by left-lateral strike-slip. This tectonic     

A Preliminary Analysis of the Seismogenic Structure of the Akto MS6.7 Earthquake Sequence on November 25, 2016

In this study,data from the Xinjiang regional network and IRIS shared global stations are used to relocate the Akto M_S6. 7 earthquake sequence on November 25,2016 by using double difference location method. Three earthquakes of M_S4. 8,M_S6. 7 and M_S5. 0 are inverted by using the g CAP method,and the focal mechanism solutions are obtained.According to the results of relocating,the location of the main shock is 39. 22°N,73. 98°E,the distribution of the earthquake sequence is about 70 km in length,and the focal depth is mainly within the range of 5-20 km. The plane and depth profiles of the earthquake sequence show that aftershocks extended in SEE direction after the main shock and the dip angle of fault plane is steep. Focal mechanism results show that the three earthquakes are characterized by strike-slip movement. Based on the results of field geological investigation,it is inferred that the seismogenic fault of the Akto earthquake is Muji fault,which is located at the northernmost end of the Kongur extensional system.The possible cause of this earthquake is that the Indian Plate continues to push northward,and during this compression process,the Indian Plate is affected by the clockwise rotation of the Tarim basin,which causes the accumulation of right-lateral action of the Muji fault,resulting in this earthquake.     

2019年1月12日新疆疏附5.1级地震序列重定位及发震构造研究

基于新疆区域数字地震台网震相观测报告, 采用双差定位方法对2019年新疆疏附M_S5.1地震序列M_L≥1.0地震进行重定位, 采用CAP波形反演方法, 获得了主震的震源机制解和震源矩心深度, 进而综合分析了本次地震可能的发震构造。 结果表明, 疏附5.1级地震震源位置为39.59°N, 75.57°E, 初始破裂深度为18 km, 震源矩心深度为18 km。 重定位后的地震序列呈两个优势方向展布, 分别为NEE向和NE向分支, NEE向为主要的余震优势分布区域, 呈长约13 km窄带状分布在喀什断裂附近。 另一条优势分布为沿NE向长度约9 km, 这可能与喀什断裂阶区有关。 深度剖面显示, 地震震源深度主要集中分布在8~20 km。 沿NEE走向深度剖面显示, 疏附5.1级地震破裂于深部, 余震沿优势分布的震源深度自SWW向NEE呈现逐渐加深的变化特征。 垂直于震中优势分布的深度剖面显示, 本次地震发震断层面倾向为N倾。 震源机制解显示本次地震断错类型为逆冲型, 结合震源深度剖面特征推断节面Ⅰ为本次地震的发震断层面。 综合地震序列空间分布特征、 震源机制以及震源区地质资料, 推测此次地震的发震构造可能为喀什断裂, 余震向浅部扩展。     

A new technique for moment tensor inversion with applications to the 2008 Wenchuan M S8.0 earthquake sequence

A MS8.0 earthquake occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China, on May 12, 2008, and subsequently, numerous aftershocks followed. We obtained the moment tensor solutions and source time functions (STFs) for the Wenchuan earthquake and its seven larger aftershocks (MS5.0~6.0) by a new technique of moment tensor inversion using the broadband and long-period seismic waveform data from the Global Seismic Network (GSN). Firstly, the theoretical background and technical flow of the new technique was briefly introduced, and an aftershock of the Wenchuan earthquake sequence was employed to illustrate the real procedure for inverting the moment tensor; secondly, the moment tensor solutions and STFs of the eight events, including the main shock, were presented, and finally, the interpretation of the results was made. The agreement of our results with the GCMT results indicates the new approach is efficient and feasible. By using this approach, not only the moment tensor solution can be obtained but also the STF can be retrieved; the inverted STFs indicate that the source rupture process may be com-plicated even for the moderate earthquakes. The inverted focal mechanisms of the Wenchuan earthquake sequence show that the most of the aftershocks occurred in the main faults of the Longmenshan fault zone with predomi-nantly thrustingwith minor right-lateral strike-slip component, but some of them may have occurred in the sub-faults with strike-slip faulting in the vicinity of the main faults.     

Spatio-temporal characteristics of aftershocks and seismogenic structure of the 2011 MW9.0 Tohoku earthquake,Japan

The Tohoku megathrust earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011 and had an epicenter that was 70 km east of Tohoku, Japan, resulted in an estimated ten's of billions of dollars in damage and a death toll of more than 15 thousand lives, yet few studies have documented key spatio-temporal seismogenic characteristics. Specifically, the temporal decay of aftershock activity, the number of strong aftershocks (with magnitudes greater than or equal to 7.0), the magnitude of the greatest aftershock, and area of possible aftershocks. Forecasted results from this study are based on Gutenberg-Richter's relation, Bath's law, Omori's law, and Well's relation of rupture scale utilizing the magnitude and statistical parameters of earthquakes in USA and China (Landers, Northridge, Hector Mine, San Simeon and Wenchuan earthquakes). The number of strong aftershocks, the parameters of Gutenberg-Richter's relation, and the modified form of Omori's law are confirmed based on the aftershock sequence data from the M_W9.0 Tohoku earthquake. Moreover, for a large earthquake, the seismogenic structure could be a fault, a fault system, or an intersection of several faults. The seismogenic structure of the earthquake suggests that the event occurred on a thrust fault near the Japan trench within the overriding plate that subsequently triggered three or more active faults producing large aftershocks.     

河北临城地震序列揭示的一条隐伏断层

2017年9月4日河北临城发生M_L4.4地震,这是邢台地区自2003年以来发生的唯一一次M_L4以上地震。震后大量余震沿条带分布,揭示了一条前人未发现的隐伏断层(根据其经过的地点称之为齐家庄-东双井断裂)。为研究该隐伏断层的几何形状和滑动性质,首先基于河北数字地震台网资料对地震序列进行精定位,利用精定位地震数据拟合发震断层面,计算断层面的走向和倾角,并给出其标准差。然后搜集震中附近历史地震的震源机制解,利用网格搜索法反演区域构造应力场参数,根据构造应力场和断层面的几何形状确定齐家庄-东双井断裂的滑动性质。结果表明,临城M_L4.4地震的发震断层为一条近EW向的隐伏断层,产状为走向约92°,倾角约85°,滑动角约-12°,滑动角标准差约8°,为倾向南的高倾角左旋走滑型断层,延伸深度约10km。区域应力场在齐家庄-东双井断裂上产生的相对剪应力和正应力分别为0.650和0.691,此次地震不是在最大剪应力的断层方位发生,表明该断裂不是现今应力场作用下产生的,而是在复杂的历史地质活动中遗留的,该断裂在现今应力场作用下积累了一定的应力而导致了M_L4.4地震的发生。齐家庄-东双井断裂及其性质的发现为该地区的地质构造和地震孕育环境分析提供了基础。     

THE PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE HUTUBI MS6.2 EARTHQUAKE

Based on the phase report of Xinjiang Seismic Network, the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake sequence M_L ≥ 1.0 was relocated by the HypoDD method. The results show that the aftershocks were distributed along NE and NW direction. The aftershocks were in the depths of 5~15km. In addition, by using the digital waveforms of Xinjiang Seismic Network, the best double-couple focal mechanism of the main shock and some aftershocks of M_S ≥ 3.8 were determined by the CAP method. Based on the above studies, the source depth, focal mechanism and aftershock distribution of the Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake were analyzed and the seismogenic structure was discussed. The nodal plane parameters of the best double-couple focal mechanism are strike 144°, dip 26°, rake 118°, and strike 293°, dip 67°, rake 77°, respectively. The moment magnitude M_W is about 5.9, with centroid depth of 15.2km. These show that the main shock was a thrust type. Most focal mechanism solutions of the aftershocks were shown as a thrust type, which are similar to the main shock. It is speculated that the possible seismogenic fault of this earthquake is the Huorgosi-Manas-Tugulu Fault.