沂沭带形变、重磁场时空变化特征与地震活动

综合利用流动水准和流动重磁复测资料,分析沂沭断裂带上地壳形变场和地球物理场的时空强变化特征,揭示沂沭断裂带活动特征是以鲁中隆起的继承性活动为主,沂沭带北端的双山-李家庄断裂两盘的垂直形变受区域断裂控制并与区域地震活动有关,与1983年荷泽地震和1995年苍山地震有较好对应关系;沂水附近地磁场有“窗口效应”,尤其与南黄海地震活动及沂沐断裂带上的小震活动有关。     

沂沭断裂带及其附近小震应力降和介质Q值

本文对1974年以来发生在沂沭带及其附近的小震进行了P波段谱分析。根据前人的成果和经验（1－5），采用不同的震源模式，计算了小震应力降（△σ，△σ′）、地震矩（M0）、震源尺度（L）以及介质品质因子（Q值）给出了沂沭带及其附近的△σ和Q值的背景分布特征，进而讨论了这种背景分布的地震危险性。     

沂沭带应力场动态追踪研究与苍山5.2级地震

通过对沂沭带应力场动态变化的追踪，利用《地震学分析预报方法程式指南》中的一些方法，对沂沭带进行了系统的计算和分析，发现了在苍山Ｍｓ５．２地震前，沂沭带中，南段应力场小区域综合震源机制解Ｐ轴方位出现了长达１０年的分离现象，初动矛盾符号比出现了１０年低值异常，多项地震活动性参数也出现了不同程度的异常显示。     

沂沭断裂带小地震空间分布特征

本文分析了沂沭断裂带近十几年来小地震的空间分布特征。认为近期沂沭带上的小震受活动构造的控制,震中分布具有明显的分段差异性,且与1668年郯城——莒县8.5级地震有关;小地震深度分布具有南浅、北深、中部宽的特点;小震时空分布受邻区强震或中等地震的影响,表现为在邻区地震发生前后,沂沭带相应一侧的地震明显减少或消失,这可能是由于这些地震发生前后震中周围地区出现地震空区所致;带上小震活动的某些指标基本上属于正常范围。     

山东及附近海域构造环境剪应力场分析

利用山东数字地震台网的地震波形记录,选取2007年以来台网记录清晰的ML≥2．0数字地震波形资料,计算每次地震的环境剪应力值τ0和矩震级MW,并分析其相关关系;结合山东地区地质构造和地震活动性特点,对胶东半岛及北部海域、南黄海北部地区、沂沭带地区、冀鲁豫交界地区应力场分布和时空变化进行细致分析,并探讨其区域特征及与地震活动性的关系。     

山东及附近海域构造环境剪应力场分析

利用山东数字地震台网的地震波形记录,选取2007年以来台网记录清晰的M_L≥2.0数字地震波形资料,计算每次地震的环境剪应力值τ_0和矩震级M_W,并分析其相关关系;结合山东地区地质构造和地震活动性特点,对胶东半岛及北部海域、南黄海北部地区、沂沭带地区、冀鲁豫交界地区应力场分布和时空变化进行细致分析,并探讨其区域特征及与地震活动性的关系。     

2022年泸定M6.8地震前地震活动参数变化研究

2022年9月5日四川泸定发生M6.8地震,为研究泸定地震孕震区的应力变化,选取b值、小震调制比和丛集率这3个参数,对泸定地震前的区域地震活动状态进行计算研究。结果显示:泸定及周边区域几次强震发生前,区域地震活动均存在持续时间较长的低b值时段,且在低b值状态下震前短期内出现小震高丛集、高调制比的现象;鲜水河断裂带的地震活动状态分析显示,此次泸定地震前该断裂带存在持续时间近10个月的低b值状态,且短期内出现丛集率升高、调制比高值现象。通过对比分析,认为泸定地震是鲜水河断裂带构造运动的结果。综合分析认为,结合应力场背景和构造条件研究地震活动b值、固体潮调制比和丛集率的时空变化有助于理解大地震的孕育演化过程。     

苍山5.2级地震前的测震学异常特征

本利用山东,江苏省地震台网的资料,对苍山５．２级地震前沂沭带南段地震活动性参 的变化特征进行了分析研究。发现苍山５．２级地震前沂沭带南段３、４级地震活动增强,应变能释放速率加速,地震波速比的时空变化,震前出现明显的低值异常时段和低值异常区。据比异常变化曾在震前提出过预报意见。     

沂沭断裂带近期地震活动性分析

本文研究了沂沭带近期(1970～1986)地震活动性指标的时序变化,设计了分布模型并进行统计检验,结合地震空间分布特点综合分析认为,该带地震活动性指标无明显异常,空间分布状态稳定,时间分布服从泊松模型。说明近期沂沭带处于稳定受力状态,地震为正常背景性活动。     

梓潼地区地震活动异常调查

2012年6月底至7月初,在梓潼县交泰乡过去弱地震活动区连续发生多次小震,地震事件引起四川省地震局的高度重视,为此,四川省地震局组成异常落实工作组就地震事件开展现场落实.本文基于区域地震活动特征及序列特征,对区域地震危险性进行了初步分析,认为该区域地震活动增强与汶川地震具有密切关系,地震可能是汶川地震的发生改变了紧邻龙门山断裂带的四川盆地及边缘地区的应力状态所致.因此,分析认为该地区近期小震活动性丛集可能与汶川地震震后区域应力场调整有关.     

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Information for authors

正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research.     

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER ON EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION(IRTCES)

正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and     

Dynamic process-response model of river channel development

Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape.     

Discussion on the Precise Relocation and Seismo-Tectonics of the Jiujiang-Ruichang Earthquake

Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored.     

Hydrochemical and bacteriological features of the groundwater: southern border of the Rharb basin (Morocco) / Caractérisation hydrochimique et bactériologique des eaux souterraines: bordure méridionale du bassin du Rharb (Maroc)

Abstract

The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^?, SO₄ ^2?, HCO₃ ^?, NO₃ ^?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region.     

Zink in der Umwelt

Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m³ zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m³. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters.