基于Windows NT服务器的前兆数据共享及其实现

简要介绍了地震前兆数据的现状及其实现数据共享的必要性；分析了常用的二种通用Web数据库的体系结构及应用技术，它们是基于通用网关接口CGI的体系结构和基于服务器扩展API的体系结构。考虑到前兆台网中心硬件设备的条件、所运行的数据库平台和地震前兆数据的复杂性和多样性特点，前兆数据在Internet上的共享服务采用基于通用网关接口CGI的体系结构编写应用程序来实现。以WWW服务器为平台，通过Web服务器方式在浏览器上实现共享，可检索任意台站、任意观测方法、任意地点、任意时段的前兆数据，实现地震前兆数据信息网络服务功能。     

基于Web的地震前兆应用数据库管理系统设计

针对当前地震前兆数据管理系统在数据管理安全性和数据利用便利性上存在的冲突,基于现有系统提出了一套完整的解决方案,采用B/S架构,设计基于Web的地震前兆应用数据库管理系统,在不影响现有系统正常运行的基础上,较好实现了应用数据库和原始数据库的同步和分离。     

海南省井水位的数字化观测在地震前兆监测中的效能

分析了海南省在运行中的7口数字化观测井井水位的年、月、日正常动态特征,利用小波分析方法得出异常动态特征,以及各井对大震远震的响应特征,并根据以往的震例及未来可能发生的地震,研究了数字化观测井水位在地震前兆监测中的效能情况。结果表明:海南省部分井水位在地震中期和短期前兆异常监测中可发挥效能。在此基础上,提出以后的观测中应加强管理台站周边环境、减少不必要的人为干扰等,保证各井水位的观测在地震前兆监测中的效能发挥。     

辽宁省地震前兆数据的网上服务

基于前兆台网中心的MS SQL Server地震前兆数据库，利用交互式动态Web开发技术建立起辽宁省地震前兆数据的网上服务系统，为台站和用户之间建立起便捷的数据服务通道。     

Oracle复制技术在地震前兆元数据交换中的应用

根据"十五"中国地震前兆信息网络建设的需要,在全国地震系统中实现地震前兆数据的自动化交换管理.我们分析提取出地震前兆元数据的管理模型并基于Oracle快照复制技术设计和实现了地震前兆元数据的交换管理.本文对Oraele快照复制技术做了较为详细的介绍,并分析指出了Oracle快照复制技术应用于地震前兆元数据交换的关键点,结合数据管理系统在地震前兆中的实际使用情况做了简要讨论.实践证明,基于Oracle快照复制技术实现的地震前兆台网数据管理系统软件完全满足了地震前兆网络建设的需要.     

地震前兆数据的管理与服务

简要介绍了中国地震局全国地震前兆台网中心及其前兆数据来源和特点，重点分析了该中心的数据管理、数据服务及应用。全国地震前兆台网中心在剖析地震前兆数据的结构和总结其特点的基础上，选择了自行研制的基于双表数据结构的CAPOmen平台来管理和维护各种前兆数据，并枚举了该平台所具有的一些特点，前兆台网中心还运用Web和FTP等网络传输手段与用户及研究单位进行各种数据交换和共享，提供以CAPOmen 平台为后台数据库管理的基于浏览器的前兆数据查询、浏览、下载及其他服务等。并对地震前兆数据的管理提出几点建议。     

基于MVC结构的APnetWeb系统

全国地震分析预报计算机信息网络(APnet)是中国地震局地震分析预报专业网络系统，它通过APnetWeb体现，主要功能包括地震会商、地震目录、前兆数据、震情、应急等信息的收集和查询服务。APnetWeb基于MVC结构。中扼要概述了MVC(Model-View-Controller)结构特点，Struts框架的体系结构实现了MVC设计模式，并将这些设计模式映射到Web应用程序的组件和概念中。MVC是Web Application应用开发的领先设计模式。详细介绍了基于MVC结构的APnet Web应用传输系统的特点，介绍它的实现方法，包括Struts技术、Xml格式档以及数据库结构，如何提供安全、便捷的信息服务系统，以及APnet Web网站的功能和APnet Web网络应用。     

虚拟技术在地震前兆技术系统中的应用

地震前兆技术系统长期稳定和可靠运行对管理人员来说至关重要,本文以山西前兆台网为例,基于VMware虚拟机搭建了地震前兆技术系统,并利用其快闪及克隆功能实现了地震前兆技术系统的快速备份及恢复,提升了地震前兆技术系统故障应急处置能力。     

新疆历史地震前兆模拟资料转入数字化平台的实现

近年来随着数字化技术的不断发展、成熟和稳定,我国的地震前兆观测技术也逐步实现由模拟观测向数字观测转变,地震前兆数字化观测技术日趋成热、稳定,地震前兆数字化观测普及程度越来越高,产出的数字化观测资料已得到越来越广泛的应用。通过介绍新疆数字地震前兆台网中心模拟资料和数字化资料的管理,分析了历史模拟数据转入数字化平台的实现方法,阐述了地震前兆资料进入数字化统一平台的实际应用。     

地城前兆数据库及处理系统（JSOMEN）介绍

“九五”重点项目江苏省地震应急指挥系统建设中提出了建立基于Web的系统集成，全省地震前兆观测数据库及分析预报系统的建设是其中的一项重要内容。为此与中国地震局分析预报中心合作建立了江苏省前兆数据库和分析预报方法集成系统JSOMEN，编写了适用于江苏前兆观测资料的控制主表，用C，VB等语言编写程序整理入库了1990年以来全省43个测点75个测项的一百多万组前兆观测数据，同时建立了台站和市局的前兆数据库，以达到全省前兆观测数据的共享。     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.