1999年山西大同Ms 5.6地震的震源断层

大同震区先后在 1989、1991和 1999年发生MS >5地震 ,利用大同遥测地震台网的记录资料进行比较精确的地震序列震源定位 ,结合宏观烈度分布和震源机制解资料 ,详细地分析对比了 3次子序列的异同。结果显示 ,1999年MS5 .6地震的震源断层是走向NWW、长 16km、宽12km、埋深 5km以下、倾角近直立的左旋走滑断层。而前 2个子序列是NNE为主的右旋走滑断层活动所致 ,表明地震破裂方向发生了变化。这种 2个以上方向先后出现、并且强弱有别的地震破裂是普遍存在的 ,表明震源环境的复杂程度与地震序列的类型有关。虽然震区存在NE向的大王村断裂和NW向的团堡断裂 ,但目前没有证据说明震源断层和 2条构造断层连通。 3次子序列的震源断层都是走滑断层 ,也和 2条构造正断层有别。 1999年的子序列可能属于新破裂。     

用现今小地震研究历史强震的震源断层——以1830年河北磁县7(1/2)级地震为例

１８３０年磁县７１２级地震是一个活动水平高、持续时间长的强震序列。近年来邯郸遥测地震台网记录到沿磁县地震极震区方向发生的大量小地震。根据对这些小地震的震源位置、震源机制的三维空间分布的分析,认为磁县地震的震源断层是ＮＷＷ向近于直立的左旋走滑断层,它和磁县地震的等震线、地表破裂带特征相符合。这个例子说明在地震学和地震地质学相结合的基础上,有可能由历史大地震区内现今小地震的群体特征,推测历史大地震的震源断层空间取向及其运动方式     

1995年7月河北沙城地震群的震源断层

利用在怀来附近布设的中－欧合作小孔径数字化地震台网的资料,以相对定位法测定了１９９５年７月河北沙城地震群５４个地震的震源机制。从三维空间上分析了沙城震群的震源位置,震源机制,认为震源断层是ＮＥ向高倾角右旋走滑断层,并将其与宏观调查结果,地质活断层等作了对比。研究后认为：沙城震群发生在地壳浅层ＮＥ向地质断层延伸和扩展的新破裂上,属于现代地壳应力场作用下浅层断层延伸和扩展的新破裂上,属于现代地壳应力场     

1999年四川绵竹5．0级地震序列揭示的孕震结构

通过对1999年11月30日发生在龙门断裂带中段的绵竹Ms5.0地震序列震源位置的精确确定，主要地震震源机制解测定及序列的时间进程特征分析后，本文给出了该地震序列的震源断层分布，深度剖面，应力释放状况以及活动特征，进而揭示了该序列发生的孕震结构。结果表明，该序列的活动表现出下列特征：（1）无明显的前震，所积累的应变能以突然的，近乎脉冲的方式释放，序列进程中无明显的起伏，大小地震的统计关系不太符合经典的G－R估计。（2）序列震中均未分布在地表出露的龙门山山前主断裂上，而是出现在山前隐伏断裂附近，震中分布的取向与断裂走向不大一致，微观震中与宏观震中的相距较远；震源深度分布在5－16km范围。（3）震源断层面取向NE，在NNE向的主压应力作用下，震源断层面表现出兼有逆断分量的走滑型错动，由此，我们认为大规模断裂带附近的地下隐伏断裂存在着更为值得重视的孕育地震活动的危险性。     

郯庐断裂渤海湾北段地震活动及其指示意义

郯庐断裂渤海湾北段纵贯辽宁省,现今仍然活动,1975年海城MS7.3地震就发生在该断裂系统上.利用2005年5月至2006年4月布设的渤海湾流动地震台阵观测数据,结合辽宁省固定地震台网数据,重新拾取了780个区域小地震,并使用双差地震定位方法获得了546个地震事件的定位结果.通过自助法得到双差定位的平均水平误差和深度误差分别为1.5和1.9km.结果显示在观测周期内,郯庐断裂渤海湾北段主断裂地震不活跃,但是主断裂东侧的海城河断裂和太子河断裂小震沿断裂呈条带状密集分布.利用gCAP(general Cut and Paste)方法计算了区域地震震源机制解,选取出4个可信的震源机制解;综合前人已有结果,认为研究区的小地震震源机制主要以走滑与正断为主,与区域构造应力场吻合良好.海城河和太子河断裂的地震活动深达中下地壳,结合热流数据和岩石物理实验,推测研究区中下地壳由干燥的镁铁质岩石组成.     

用现今小震推断洪洞、临汾两次历史大震的震源断层

山西临汾地区是一个历史强震多发区，1303年和1695年发生了洪洞（M＝8）和临汾（M＝73／4）两次特大地震，这两次地震所在区域至今仍在持续不断的小地震活动，具有明显的大震区地震长期活动特征，我们对临汾无线传输地震台网记录的1987－1999年期间发生的1670次中，小地震重新进行了震源定位，根据对这些地震震源位置三维空间分布特征和震源机解制的分析，认为洪洞地震的震源断层应是长80km，埋深5－26km的NNE走向，高倾角的右旋走滑型断层，而临汾地震的震源断层是长70km，埋深5－22km的NWW走向，高倾角的左旋走滑型断层。这与洪洞，临汾两次大震极震区的等震线及该地区应力场的构造环境是吻合的。     

茅山断裂带及邻区地震震源机制解计算及应力场反演

利用2001年1月~2014年4月江苏及邻区数字地震波形资料,采用P波、S波初动和振幅比联合求解方法计算了茅山断裂带及邻区149次中小地震震源机制解。震源机制解特征分析表明,研究区中小地震震源类型以走滑型为主,兼有一定比例的正断层类型,而逆冲型相对较少,P、T轴优势方向分别为NEE-SWW、NNW-SSE向。利用149次地震的震源机制解,采用自助线性应力反演(LSIB)方法反演了研究区应力张量。结果显示,最大主应力S_1方位角为254.2°,俯角为2.6°,最小主应力S_3方位角为163.9°,俯角为9.5°。为了进一步印证所得应力张量的可靠性,又利用1970年以来M_L≥3.5地震震源机制解再次反演,所得结果中最大主应力S_1方位角为252.4°,俯角为8.4°,最小主应力S3方位角为160.4°,俯角为12°。2份不同的震源机制解资料反演所得应力张量十分接近。应力张量结果表明,茅山断裂带及邻区处于以NEE-SWW向水平压应力和NNW-SSE向水平张应力为主的现代构造应力场中。     

2001年四川雅江6.0级地震序列的破裂特征及发震构造

2001年雅江地震序列(主要地震是2月14日的Ms5．1和2月23日的Ms6．0地震)是四川地区近13年来的重要地震。选择2001年1月1日～6月30日期间，四川地震台网至少5个清晰的初动到时所记录的雅江地震序列中88次地震，并对其作了重新定位，对其中较大的13次地震用四川地区地震台网P波初动资料作了震源机制解。88次地震震源深度分布在2～16km，优势深度为9～llkm。前震、5．1级地震及其余震、6．0级地震及余震都紧邻孜河断裂分布，且按时段划分的震中优势分布方位与孜河断裂走向都是北西向。根据雅江地区近期大地形变场物质运移方向，选定了震源机制解的破裂面。13次较大地震震源机制解的主压应力P轴具有较大的垂向分量，水平投影方向为南东；地震类型都是左旋、走滑一正断型或正断一走滑型；大部分地震破裂面走向为北西一南东，倾向南西。根据前震、5．1级地震及其余震、6．0级地震及其余震震中优势分布方位，以及大多数较大地震破裂面走向和倾向，认为穿过震区的走向北西、倾向南西的孜河断裂是这次雅江地震序列的发震断裂。     

乌鲁木齐地区活动断层滑动与现代构造应力场

通过对乌鲁木齐地区大量活动断层擦痕的测量，利用由断层滑动资料反演构造应力张量的计算方法，获得研究区5个测点的构造应力张量数据，并通过与由震源机制解资料求得的该地区平均应力场结果的对比，获得了研究区现代构造应力场特征：区域现代构造应力场以水平挤压为主，最大主压应力方向（σ1）为近南北向，应力结构以逆断型为主。     

Earthquake—generating Structure Revealed by 1999 Sichuan mianzhu Earthquake Sequence with Ms=5.0

Through the accurate determination of hypocenter location,the measurement of the main focal mechanism solutions and the analyses of time dependent processes for Sichuan Mianzhu earthquake sequence with Ms=5.0 occurred along the middle segment of Longmenshan fault zone on November 30,1999,the distribution of focal depth section,the stress relase and seismicity features are given to reveal the earthquake-geneating structure of the earthquake sequence.The obtained results show the activity features for this sequence as follows:(1) There is no obvious foreshock,the accumulated strain energy releases in nearly pulse way,fluctuation of the seismic activity level is not quite evident during the duration of the sequence,and the statistical relation between the large events and the small events is less compatible with the traditional G-R estimation;(2) The epicenters of the earthquake sequence are not distributed on the main Longmenshan piedmont faults emerging out ground,but near the hidden Longmenshan piedmont faults.The direction of epicenter distribution is not very coincident with the fault strikes.The microscopic epicenters are relatively far from the macroscopic epicenters,The focal depths range from 5km to 16km;(3) The fractures of focal fault plane with the NE strike appear out the strike-slip displacement with a few overthrust components under the major principal compressive stress of NNE direction.From these,we consider it should be paid more attentions to the underground hidden faults near the ground fault zone on a large scale for their generating earthquake risk.     

2012和2013年广东新丰江锡场2次MS4.8地震发震构造的确定*

利用广东新丰江锡场2012和2013年2次M_S4.8地震震中附近的2009年1月至2015年6月精定位小震资料,依据小震丛集发生在大震断层面及附近的原则,采用模拟退火算法和高斯-牛顿算法相结合的方法,反演得到了锡场附近2条相交断层的详细参数及地理分布。NEE向断层F1的走向为78.5°,倾角为87.7°,长度约8.2km,以右旋走滑错动为主;NW向断层F2的走向为137.3°,倾角为87.9°,长度约5.9km,以左旋走滑错动为主。用断层附近M_L3以上地震的震源机制解证明反演结果是可靠的,并由2次4.8级地震的震源机制解判断出各自的发震断层。     

Focal Mechanism Solutions of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake sequence from P-wave polarities and SH/P amplitude ratios:new results and implications

Abstract The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a major intraplate earthquake with Mw 7.9, occurred on the slowly deforming Longmenshan fault. To better understand the causes of this devastating earthquake, we need knowledge of the regional stress field and the underlying geodynamic processes. Here, we determine focal mechanism solutions （FMSs） of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake sequence （WES） using both P-wave first-motion polarity data and SH/P amplitude ratio （AR） data. As P-wave polarities are more reliable information, they are given priority over SH/ PAR, the latter of which are used only when the former has loose constraint on the FMSs. We collect data from three categories： （1） permanent stations deployed by the China Earthquake Administration （CEA）; （2） the Western Sichuan Passive Seismic Array （WSPSA） deployed by Institute of Geology, CEA; （3） global stations from Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology. Finally, 129 events with magnitude over Ms 4.0 in the 2008 WES are identified to have well-constrained FMSs. Among them, 83 are well constrained by P-wave polarities only as shown by Cai et al. （Earthq Sci 24（1）：115-125,2011）, and the rest of which are newly constrained by incorporating SH/P AR. Based on the spatial distribution and FMSs of the WES, we draw following conclusions： （1） the principle compressional directions of most FMSs of the WES are subhorizontal, generally in agreement with the conclusion given by Cai et al. （2011） but with a few modifications that the compressional directions are WNW-ESE around Wenchuan and ENE-WSW around Qingchuan, respectively. The subhorizontal compressional direction along the Longmenshan fault from SW to NE seems to have a leftlateral rotation, which agrees well with regional stress field inverted by former researchers （e.g., Xu et al., Acta Seismol Sin 30（5）, 1987; Acta Geophys Sin 32（6）, 1989; Cui et al., Seismol Geol 27（2）：234-242, 2005）; （2） the FMSs of the events not only reflected the regional stress state of the Longmenshan region, but also were obviously controlled by the faults to some extent, which was pointed out by Cai et al. （2011） and Yi et al. （Chin J Geophys 55（4）：1213-1227, 2012）; （3） while the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and some of its strong aftershocks released most of the elastic energy accumulated on the Longmen- shan fault, some other aftershocks seem to occur just for releasing the elastic energy promptly created by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and some of its strong aftershocks. （4） Our results further suggest that the Longmenshan fault from Wenchuan to Beichuan was nearly fully destroyed by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and accordingly propose that there is less probability for great earthquakes in the middle part of the Longmenshan fault in the near future, although there might be a barrier to the southwest of Wenchuan and it is needed to pay some attention on it in the near future.     

Fracture Characters and Seismogenic Fault of the Yajiang Earthquake Sequence with Ms6.0 in Sichuan in 2001

The Yajiang earthquake sequence in 2001, with the major events of Ms5.1 on Feb. 14 and of Ms6.0 on Feb.23, are significant events in the Sichuan region during the last 13 years. Eighty-eight earthquakes in the sequence with at least 5 distinct onset parameters for each recorded by the Sichuan Seismic Network in the period of Jan. 1 through June 30,2001 were chosen for this study. The events are relocated and the focal mechanism is derived from P-wave onsets for 13 events with relatively larger magnitudes. The focal depth of all earthquakes fall between a range of 2km to 16km, with dominant distribution between 9km to 11km. Theforeshocks, the Ms5.1 earthquake and the Ms6.0 earthquake and their aftershocks are all located close to the Zihe fault and the dominant epicentral distribution is in NW direction, identical to that of the fault. The fracture surface of the focal mechanism is determined in accordance to the mass transfer orientation in the recent earth deformation field in the Yajiang region. The P axes of the principal compressive stress in focal mechanism solutions of the 13 events show bigger vertical components, and the horizontal projection trending SE. The earthquakes are of left-lateral, strike-slip normal, and normal strike-slip types. The rupture surface of most earthquakes strike NW-SE, dipping SW. Based on the above information, we conclude that the Zihe fault that crosses the earthquake area, striking NW and dipping SW, is the seismogenic fault for the Yajiang earthquake sequence.     

Relocation of Microearthquakes in Beijing and Its Neighboring Areas and Its Tectonic Implications

The 348 microearthquakes that occurred in Beijing and its neighboring areas(39°-41°,114°-117°E)during 1979 to March of 1992 are relocated in this study.Precision of hypocenter locations is improved by rechecking and supplementing readings of arriving times of the seismic phases used,testing and selecting the appropriate crustal model,and modifying the computer program.After the relocation,the number of earthquakes with focal depth determination has been increased to 313 from the previous 132.The overall average RMS residual of the observational arrival times has been reduced to 0.45±0.18 s from the previous value of 0.80±0.40 s.Nearly 10% of the relocated hypocenters,which are mostly in border regions of the area covered by the Beijing Telemetered Seismic Network,have been shifted more than 10 km.Epicenters of the relocated earthquakes are concentrated in the intermountainous basins,such as the Huai'an,Xuanhua,Huailai,and Zhuolu basins,and are related with the basin boundary faults between mountai     

东昆仑断裂带玛沁段周围小震震源机制解系统聚类分析

利用P、S波最大振幅比计算得到东昆仑断裂带玛沁段周围2008年以来57个小地震震源机制解,并进行系统聚类分析。结果表明,该区小震错动方式以走滑型活动为主,平均主压应力P轴方位角为50°,倾角为5°,主张应力T轴方位角为140°,倾角为4°,与该区所受的地球动力学背景基本一致。     

2008年8月30日攀枝花-会理6.1级地震序列 ML≥4.0事件的震源机制解

针对2008年8月30日在四川攀枝花-会理发生的M_s6.1地震序列,本研究基于四川和云南两省数字地震台网的宽频带波形记录,采用CAP方法反演了该序列主震及M_L≥4.0余震的震源机制解.结果显示:主震震源机制解的两个主应力轴仰角小于10°,其中,主压力轴方位为140°;节面之一走向185°、西倾83°、滑动角5°,显示左旋走滑略兼逆冲分量的断层作用性质.结合余震、烈度分布以及震区的活动构造,判定该节面代表了主震的发震断层面,相应的发震断层应是穿越震区的近南北向红格断裂(南段).本研究还获得主震震源机制解的最佳拟合误差深度为10 km,与该事件的定位结果相一致.该序列中6次M_L≥4.0余震也具有与主震类似的震源机制解.分析初步表明:空间上,2008年攀枝花-会理M_s6.1地震序列的震源机制解与研究区内更早地震的震源机制解具有良好的协调性,反映了该序列是在川滇地块SE-SSE向水平运动的背景下、沿近S-N向红格断裂发生左旋走滑略兼逆冲运动的结果.     

渭河断陷盆地及邻区环境剪应力场及其与震源参数关系研究

利用陕西数字地震台网的数字地震资料研究了渭河断陷盆地及邻区的震源参数和环境剪应力场, 结果表明该地区地壳内环境剪应力处于较低水平, 平均值为12.7×10⁵ Pa, 并据此分析了该地区的地震活动性, 建立并探讨了环境剪应力与震级M_L、 地震矩M₀、 矩震级M_W的关系, 讨论了环境剪应力与震源深度间的关系。     

2013 年洱源MS 5. 5 地震烈度分布及震区活动构造背景研究

2013 年洱源MS5. 5 地震震区地质构造复杂,发育有NW 向和NE 向2 组活动断裂。据野外调查和探槽揭示,震中附近的维西-乔后断裂为晚第四纪活动断裂,其新近活动时代主要在晚更新世晚期,全新世仍有较明显的活动迹象,运动性质以右旋走滑为主兼有正断。此次地震等烈度线呈NNW 向的椭圆形展布,极震区达Ⅶ度,长15km,宽10km,面积约279km2。震源机制解显示:该震源断层为正断兼走滑破裂型,与维西-乔后断裂的运动学特征基本吻合;节面Ⅱ为NW 向,与维西-乔后断裂走向基本一致。结合地震烈度分布、滑坡崩塌体分布和微震分布特征等分析推断,此次地震的发震构造应为维西-乔后断裂。震区地处滇西北横断山脉腹地,巨大的地形高差,强烈的表层岩石风化,是造成此次地震破坏较重的自然地理条件,而居民房屋多为抗震性能差的土木结构和砖木结构等简易建筑,是造成地震灾害加重的构筑物背景。     

泾阳4.8级地震的震源机制及地震地质条件

利用陕西省地震台网及邻省地震台的Ｐ波被动资料求得泾阳ＭＳ４．８地震的震源机制解。其节面Ⅰ应为该次地震的主破裂面,渭河断裂为发震断裂,主应力方向与华北地区应力场的方向一致,说明地震受华北区域应力场的控制,与华北地区进入新的地震活跃期相应,可能预示陕西关中地区地震活动性将有所增强。     

Focal Mechanism Solutions of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake sequence from P-wave polarities and SH/P amplitude ratios: new results and implications

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a major intraplate earthquake with M _w 7.9, occurred on the slowly deforming Longmenshan fault. To better understand the causes of this devastating earthquake, we need knowledge of the regional stress field and the underlying geodynamic processes. Here, we determine focal mechanism solutions (FMSs) of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake sequence (WES) using both P-wave first-motion polarity data and SH/P amplitude ratio (AR) data. As P-wave polarities are more reliable information, they are given priority over SH/P AR, the latter of which are used only when the former has loose constraint on the FMSs. We collect data from three categories: (1) permanent stations deployed by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA); (2) the Western Sichuan Passive Seismic Array (WSPSA) deployed by Institute of Geology, CEA; (3) global stations from Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology. Finally, 129 events with magnitude over M _s 4.0 in the 2008 WES are identified to have well-constrained FMSs. Among them, 83 are well constrained by P-wave polarities only as shown by Cai et al. (Earthq Sci 24(1):115–125, 2011), and the rest of which are newly constrained by incorporating SH/P AR. Based on the spatial distribution and FMSs of the WES, we draw following conclusions: (1) the principle compressional directions of most FMSs of the WES are subhorizontal, generally in agreement with the conclusion given by Cai et al. (2011) but with a few modifications that the compressional directions are WNW–ESE around Wenchuan and ENE–WSW around Qingchuan, respectively. The subhorizontal compressional direction along the Longmenshan fault from SW to NE seems to have a left-lateral rotation, which agrees well with regional stress field inverted by former researchers (e.g., Xu et al., Acta Seismol Sin 30(5), 1987; Acta Geophys Sin 32(6), 1989; Cui et al., Seismol Geol 27(2):234–242, 2005); (2) the FMSs of the events not only reflected the regional stress state of the Longmenshan region, but also were obviously controlled by the faults to some extent, which was pointed out by Cai et al. (2011) and Yi et al. (Chin J Geophys 55(4):1213–1227, 2012); (3) while the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and some of its strong aftershocks released most of the elastic energy accumulated on the Longmenshan fault, some other aftershocks seem to occur just for releasing the elastic energy promptly created by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and some of its strong aftershocks. (4) Our results further suggest that the Longmenshan fault from Wenchuan to Beichuan was nearly fully destroyed by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and accordingly propose that there is less probability for great earthquakes in the middle part of the Longmenshan fault in the near future, although there might be a barrier to the southwest of Wenchuan and it is needed to pay some attention on it in the near future.