大跨斜拉桥桥面风致抖振的粘滞阻尼控制分析

现代大跨度斜拉桥结构重量轻、阻尼小,因而对风的作用比较敏感。紊流风诱发桥梁过大的抖振响应会危及行车、行人的舒适和安全。本文利用有限元软件ANSYS,以山东滨州黄河公路大桥为例建立了大跨斜拉桥三维空间有限元模型,在全桥动力特性分析的基础上,利用混合自回归模型模拟桥梁脉动风荷载,并进行了自激力的时域化处理,重点分析了桥面侧向抖振响应;通过对粘滞阻尼器力学特性的分析,提出了在桥塔和主梁之间安装与桥面成45°的粘滞阻尼器来控制桥面侧向抖振响应的方案,并分析了不同阻尼系数时的控制效率。研究结果表明:在侧向风力的强迫作用下,桥面侧向抖振响应不可忽视;粘滞阻尼器控制下,桥面抖振响应显著减小,各主要构件内力均无明显增加,且随着阻尼系数的增大,减振效率显著增大,阻尼器的出力也增大,但当阻尼系数达到一定值后,减振效率的增大趋于平缓,存在一个经济合理的最优值。     

军山斜拉桥非线性时域抖振分析

武汉军山大桥是跨越长江的中跨跨径很大的斜拉桥，在脉动风作用下，其线性抖振响应较大，动力放大系数基本上大于2。为了比较该桥非线性抖振响应与线性抖振响应的差别，本文根据某地短期的实际风速时程记录资料，在一定的概率下，对该地区100年一遇的极值风速时程进行抖振分析比较。计算结果表明，对于该桥说来非线性影响不是很明显。     

振动采油选择激振参数的新方法

在我国各油田应用的人工地震增油技术中,所用的起振器的激振力是随激振频率以恒定方式变化的,最佳激励参数的选择不太方便。本文提出了一种新方法,利用具有常力扫频和定频变力功能的起振器,大大方便最佳激振参数的选择。     

桥梁的多点激振效应和非线性作用

推导了考虑大应变大位移的几何非线性有限元列式。通过影响矩阵讨论桥梁在多点激振下的非线性地震响应，并用算例比较一致输入和多点激振下的线性和非线性响应，讨论地震动输入方式和结构参数对地震响应的影响。由分析结果可知非线性和多点激振对结构响应影响较大，多点激振的影响随结构形式和尺寸的不同而不同。     

无伸缩缝桥梁的动力特性计算与试验研究

福建省永春县上坂大桥是目前我国修建桥长最大，采用整体式桥台的无伸缩缝桥梁。本文通过该桥的动力试验研究了该桥在天然脉动荷载作用下的自振特性，采用结构分析软件ANSYS建立全桥的空间模型，计算该桥的自振特性，与实测结果进行了分析比较。实桥试验还测试了无障碍行车试验和跳车试验这2种车辆激振作用下桥梁的强迫振动特性，并把实测的荷载冲击系数与新桥规的计算结果进行比较。研究结果有助于对该类桥梁动力特性的认识，有利于进一步开展无伸缩缝桥梁的抗震性能研究。     

转体斜拉桥大悬臂站立状态列车振动响应分析

随着我国桥梁建设的不断发展,转体施工法的应用越来越广泛,但目前很多转体桥梁的转体过程要中断桥下交通。为了在不中断桥下车辆通行的条件下实施转体,降低这种不利影响,以邹城市转体斜拉桥为工程背景,采用激振力函数模拟列车竖向振动荷载,建立大悬臂站立状态转体斜拉桥的三维动力计算模型,对悬臂桥梁的模态进行分析,得到转动时最容易发生的振动形式,研究在列车振动荷载作用下,转体结构的振动响应规律,为以后不中断列车通行实施桥梁转体提供技术依据。     

一定距离地下火箭激振的建筑物的动力特性试验

本文提出了一种一定距离地下火箭激振的建筑物的动力特性测试方法，给出了这种激振下建筑物系统的测量模型，阐述了它的基本原理。以一座实际建筑物进行了论证，得到了它的前四阶固有频率、振型和阻尼比。实践证明：该方法是一种简便、有效可靠的方法，可以推广应用。     

桥梁桩柱式基础低应变法检测适宜性分析及现场试验

根据圣维南原理分析瞬态激振后,桩柱式基础桩身内应力波特征。认为盖梁顶部激振、基桩顶面和墩柱结合部激振时,应力波在桩身内仍可满足平截面假定。提出桩身内应力波是否为平面波的判别方法,设计并完成2组现场试验。盖梁顶部激振时,应力波同步到达同一桩身横截面侧壁各拾振区,且计算得到的横截面中心处首波波峰与侧壁处首波波峰到达时刻基本一致,满足低应变法中平截面成立的条件。而基桩和墩柱结合部激振试验则表明,在远离系梁的拾振横截面内,应力波才可认为同步到达各拾振区,且计算得到的拾振横截面中心处首波波峰与侧壁处首波波峰到达时刻基本一致。故对于基桩和墩柱结合部激振激振的情形,远离系梁的桩身内平截面假定才可成立。     

在役桥梁桩基础低应变反射波法检测试验研究

低应变反射波法检测桩身完整性通常是在桩顶自由的情况下进行的,通过改进其检测方法,研究低应变反射波法检测在役桥梁桩基础完整性的可靠性。文中选取桥梁下部结构常用的单排双柱式墩、桩基础进行现场试验,采用不同激振方式和信号接收位置对在役桥梁桩基的低应变反射波法进行试验研究,且与桩顶自由时桩基完整性检测结果进行对比。根据试验结果及相关分析,各试验方案的实测曲线形态与理论分析具有较好的一致性,在现场试验中具有较好的效果,为在役桥梁桩基完整性检测提供了一种手段。     

三点激振下人工地震增油技术试验研究

本文介绍一种新的现场试验方式：三点激振，研究了在不同类型起振机、不同形状振动基础条件下的人工地震增油技术，观察了增油效果。     

Running safety analysis of a train on the Tsing Ma Bridge under turbulent winds

The dynamic responses of the Tsing Ma suspension bridge and the running behaviors of trains on the bridge under turbulent wind actions are analyzed by a three-dimensional wind-train-bridge interaction model. This model consists of a spatial finite element bridge model, a train model composed of eight 4-axle identical coaches of 27 degrees-of-freedom, and a turbulent wind model. The fluctuating wind forces, including the buffeting forces and the self-excited forces, act on the bridge only, since the train runs inside the bridge deck. The dynamic responses of the bridge are calculated and some results are compared with data measured from Typhoon York. The runnability of the train passing through the Tsing Ma suspension bridge at different speeds is researched under turbulent winds with different wind velocities. Then, the threshold curve of wind velocity for ensuring the running safety of the train in the bridge deck is proposed, from which the allowable train speed at different wind velocities can be determined. The numerical results show that rail traffic on the Tsing Ma suspension bridge should be closed as the mean wind velocity reaches 30 m/s.     

Wind-induced vibration control of bridges using liquid column damper

The potential application of tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) for suppressing wind-induced vibration of long span bridges is explored in this paper. By installing the TLCD in the bridge deck, a mathematical model for the bridge-TLCD system is established. The governing equations of the system are developed by considering all three displacement components of the deck in vertical, lateral, and torsional vibrations, in which the interactions between the bridge deck, the TLCD, the aeroelastic forces, and the aerodynamic forces are fully reflected. Both buffeting and flutter analyses are carried out. The buffeting analysis is performed through random vibration approach, and a critical flutter condition is identified from flutter analysis. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the control effectiveness of the damper and it is shown that the TLCD can be an effective device for suppressing wind-induced vibration of long span bridges, either for reducing the buffeting response or increasing the critical flutter wind velocity of the bridge.     

Influence of structural parameters on dynamic characteristics and wind-induced buffeting responses of a super-long-span cable-stayed bridge

A 3D finite element (FE) model for the Sutong cable-stayed bridge (SCB) is established based on ANSYS. The dynamic characteristics of the bridge are analyzed using a subspace iteration method. Based on recorded wind data, the measured spectra expression is presented using the nonlinear least-squares regression method. Turbulent winds at the bridge site are simulated based on the spectral representation method and the FFT technique. The influence of some key structural parameters and measures on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge are investigated. These parameters include dead load intensity, as well as vertical, lateral and torsional stiffness of the steel box girder. In addition, the influence of elastic stiffness of the connection device employed between the towers and the girder on the vibration mode of the steel box girder is investigated. The analysis shows that all of the vertical, lateral and torsional buffeting displacement responses reduce gradually as the dead load intensity increases. The dynamic characteristics and the structural buffeting displacement response of the SCB are only slightly affected by the vertical and torsional stiffness of the steel box girder, and the lateral and torsional buffeting displacement responses reduce gradually as the lateral stiffness increases. These results provide a reference for dynamic analysis and design of super-long-span cable-stayed bridges.     

Non-linear buffeting response analysis of long-span suspension bridges with central buckle

The rigid central buckle employed in the Runyang Suspension Bridge (RSB) was the first time it was used in a suspension bridge in China. By using a spectral representation method and FFT technique combined with measured data,a 3D fluctuating wind field considering the tower wind effect is simulated. A novel FE model for buffeting analysis is then presented,in which a specific user-defined Matrix27 element in ANSYS is employed to simulate the aeroelastic forces and its stiffness or damping matrices are parameterized by wind velocity and vibration frequency. A nonlinear time history analysis is carried out to study the influence of the rigid central buckle on the wind-induced buffeting response of a long-span suspension bridge. The results can be used as a reference for wind resistance design of long-span suspension bridges with a rigid central buckle in the future.     

活动支座摩擦力对桥梁抗震性能的影响参数分析

利用摩擦单元模拟了活动支座摩擦力在桥梁地震反应分析中的作用,以一座6跨连续梁桥为例,通过改变其计算参数得到不同的计算模型,对各模型进行时程反应分析,得到不同参数模型的固定墩墩底弯矩的减震率。发现在某些情况下出现了负减震率并进行了原因分析。通过不同参数模型减震牢的对比,分析了各计算参数对固定墩墩底减震率的影响。建议对于考虑支座摩擦后自振周期接近场地卓越周期的桥梁考虑活动支座摩擦作用。     

大跨度简支钢桁梁桥车-桥耦合振动影响因素分析

以黄韩侯铁路新黄河特大桥156m简支钢桁梁桥作为工程背景,建立车辆动力模型、桥梁有限元模型并考虑轮轨关系,以蛇形运动和轨道不平顺作为系统的自激激励源,利用大型有限元软件ANSYS以及UM(Universal Mechanism)动力学分析软件联合进行仿真分析。从桥梁结构的桥门架、宽跨比、曲线钢桁梁桥和车辆系统的轨道不平顺以及货车编组角度出发,研究大跨度简支钢桁梁桥车-桥耦合振动的影响因素。经过计算分析得出:钢桁梁桥桥门架对桥梁跨中加速度影响较大;曲线钢桁梁桥随着线路半径的增大,各车辆动力响应参数逐渐变小,轮轨力受到影响;钢桁梁桥宽跨比的增加使得横向刚度随之增加,桥梁横向振动变小;各项车辆动力响应均随着轨道情况变差而总体呈现逐渐增大趋势,车辆安全性、舒适性和平稳性指标逐渐变差;全列空车编组和空重混编对钢桁梁车-桥耦合系统是不利的编组形式,实际情况中应该避免。     

澳门澳凼第三大桥斜拉桥地震反应分析

结合一座澳门澳凼第三大桥斜拉桥的工程设计实例,采用大型有限元分析程序ANSYS,选取空间BEAM188、BEAM4及SHELL63单元建立动力计算模型,对比研究了主塔墩底在假定固结和考虑桩土共同工作这两种边界约束处理方式下的动力特性;并选取三条地震波在桥的纵、横向分别进行桥梁地震作用下的时程分析,给出了主梁和中塔的内力、位移及时程响应。     

广州新光大桥良态及台风气候抖振试验研究

采用Monte-Carlo台风随机模拟算法模拟台风风场特性并根据风荷载规范良态气候风环境参数建议的取值,在大气边界层风洞中利用被动紊流发生装置再现了广州新光大桥桥位处良态和台风两类气候模式风环境特征,详细比较了两类风环境新光大桥施工和运营状态、设计风速等因素对于新光大桥跨中主梁、主拱肋和施工塔架风致抖振响应的差异,初步解释了抖振响应差别的主要原因。     

曲线桥抗震传递矩阵法

本文考虑曲线梁桥在竖直方向的弯扭耦合以及水平方向的弯曲、轴向变形,导出了曲线梁单元竖直方向和水平方向的传递矩阵.给出了用传递矩阵法计算曲线梁桥竖直方向和水平方向的振动频率、振型、地震内力和变形的计算公式和步骤,并运用传递矩阵法对单跨简支桥进行了地震反应分析.算例表明,本文方法简单、具有较高精度和效率,可用于曲线梁桥抗震设计.