Does the concentration of scientific research funding in institutions promote knowledge output?

Basic research is the main powerhouse of a country’s potential for continuous economic growth, and national-level scientific research funding is an important source of capital that supports this basic research. Given these observations, this paper takes micro-level data from projects funded by the Department of Management Sciences in the National Natural Science Foundation of China between 2006 and 2010 to examine the relationship between the efficient use of research funding and the level of concentrated funding in certain research institutions. In contrast to the positive externalities produced by the concentration of R&D activities, our study finds that the accumulation of scientific research funding at the institution level is negative correlated with the knowledge output of the principal investigators of projects within the research institution. We explore the sources of the negative correlation and discuss some policy implications.     

浙江省肿瘤领域基金资助项目分析研究

本文采集浙江省科技报告共享服务系统、国家科技报告共享服务系统以及中文科学论文、Web of Science数 据库中的外文科学论文等肿瘤领域数据,进行可视化分析研究,比较分析近年来浙江省肿瘤领域基金资助研究情况, 探究浙江省肿瘤领域基金资助对科技成果产出的贡献,分析浙江肿瘤领域研究与国家及世界肿瘤研究的关联情况,为 科技报告资源增殖服务的开展以及基金资助对学科研究的支持和推动情况探索思路。     

On the relation between the degree of internationalization of cited and citing publications: A field level analysis,including and excluding self-citations

The growing complexity of scientific challenges demands increasingly intense research collaboration, both domestic and international. The resulting trend affects not only the modes of producing new knowledge, but also the way it is disseminated within scientific communities. This paper analyses the relationship between the “degree of internationalization” of a country’s scientific production and that of the relevant citing publications. The empirical analysis is based on 2010-2012 Italian publications. Findings show: i) the probability of being cited increases with the degree of internationalization of the research team; ii) totally domestic research teams tend to cite to a greater extent totally domestic publications; iii) vice versa, publications resulting from international collaborations tend to be more cited by totally foreign publications rather than by publications including domestic authors. These results emerge both at overall and at discipline level. Findings might inform research policies geared towards internationalization.     

Improving textbooks and teachers’ editions to meet the needs of diverse students

This article summarizes research findings on instructional strategies and textbook features that benefit diverse students. It then reports the conduct and findings of a study in which educators, researchers, and publishers collaborated to improve the usability of textbooks. Jean Ciborowski was the director of the project “Improving Textbook Usability.” She currently directs the educational services in the school function clinics at Boston Children’s Hospital. Mary Antes has served on a variety of curriculum development and educational projects at Education Development Center, Inc. (EDC), and was project assistant on the textbook project. Judith Zorfass, technical monitor of the project, is currently directing two federally funded research projects at EDC. One studies the integration of technology into the curriculum for handicapped adolescents and the other investigates reading development in language disordered students. Nancy Ames is director of EDC’s Center for Family, School, and Community, and helped in the initial design of the textbook project on which this article is based.     

国际科技前沿分析的方法和途径

指出国际科技前沿是世界科技强国的科技规划、战略、路线图、资助机构通过各类计划、项目最新资助的战略投资重点领域,这些战略投资重点领域代表了国际科技发展趋势,反映了科技强国政府、主流科技共同体和决策者的所思、所想、所为,直接反映国际科技前沿领域或科技前沿主题。认为国际科技前沿可划分为未来科技前沿和当前科技前沿。探讨未来科技前沿和当前科技前沿的分析方法、实施途径、获取信息的渠道,结合近年在学科战略情报服务中的实践工作,梳理并整理归纳一个遴选和确定符合我国国情的目标领域的分析框架,希望对以后的工作有所借鉴。     

从基金论文看我国情报学的发展

论文收集整理了我国1989年到2007年间的情报学基金论文,并从基金论文的数量、基金级别、论文主题、论文作者、作者间的合作等方面进行多角度的分析,以揭示我国情报学研究的现状,探讨我国情报学研究的趋向.     

Elusive No Longer? Increasing Accessibility to the Federally Funded Technical Report Literature

Abstract

Since World War II, the United States has been actively pursuing scientific research and development. Over 50 years later, the federally funded technical report literature, the results from the nation's R&D, has grown extensively. However, this vast technical report literature has not had effective methods of dissemination during these decades to provide easy access to its riches. The technology of the late 20th and early 21st century is enabling more effective access to this literature. This article will examine some of the reasons why effective access to federally funded technical reports has been elusive and will illustrate some new technologies that are greatly improving access to this literature.     

Measuring the scientific publications of double first‐class universities from mainland China

This paper reports a comparative study of the scientific publications of double first‐class universities based on international and domestic Chinese databases from 2006 to 2018. The main results are as follows. Quantitatively, the absolute total number of articles published by Chinese universities has increased. Specifically, the number of international publications in the natural and social sciences from double first‐class universities showed an increasing trend, but the number of domestic journal articles showed the reverse trend. Moreover, based on the number of papers published by each university over the years, we recognized that the ranking changes of universities fall into four categories: rising, declining, stable, and fluctuating. Qualitatively, the international and domestic publications issued by double first‐class universities greatly improved from 2006 to 2018. Moreover, scientific publications, either international or domestic, were unevenly distributed among the double first‐class universities. In general, the double first‐class universities developed rapidly in recent years and play an important role in the development of science and technology in China.     

国家科学基金视角下图书情报与档案管理学科发展分析

[目的/意义]深入分析图书情报与档案管理学科的国家科学基金资助项目立项情况,从基金视角呈现学科发展态势,为研究人员提供系统性参考。[研究设计/方法]运用统计分析、词频分析及可视化方法,对图书情报与档案管理学科国家社会科学基金(1994-2018年)、国家自然科学基金(1997-2018年)资助项目进行了立项数量、立项地区、立项机构及立项主题分析。[结论/发现]图书情报与档案管理学科发展渐趋成熟,但地区、科研机构间的立项分布不均衡;研究主题变迁体现出学科发展的延续性与变革性特征。[创新/价值]较为全面地考察了图书情报与档案管理学科的国家科学基金资助项目立项情况,明确了基金立项在地区及机构间的扩散态势,直观呈现立项主题词的历时演化,兼顾热点主题与新兴主题,较好地区分了延续型与涌现型词汇。     

The editorial boards of scientific journals as a subject of scientometric research: A literature Review

This paper presents a review of publications that explore the role of editorial boards for scholarly journals. Such studies are rather limited as the role of editorial boards of scientific periodicals has not yet been fully gauged by information experts as a subject of scientometric research. However, the study of the publication activities, as well as the geographic, linguistic, and gender distribution of editorial-board members offers a new perspective on several issues of relevance to scientometrics. Such issues include the assessment of research performance at the country, organizational, or research-group level; research and publication ethics; journal quality; and internationalization of a scientific discipline.     

全国高校科技投入产出效率的DEA-Malmquist指数分析

高校是科学研究的重要主力军,探讨高校科研生产效率,并分析其中的不足之处,提出合理的建议是非常 重要的。本文根据我国30个省份高校2009—2013年科技统计数据,采用DEA-Malmquist指数分析法,以技术效率、技 术进步效率、纯技术效率、规模效率和全要素生产效率为指标对全国30个省份高校科技投入产出效率进行评价。研究 结果表明,我国部分省、市高校的科技投入产出效率不足,在很大程度上是因为资源使用效率不足和受限于经济原因 导致投入不足。最后针对存在的问题从改善高校的科研管理制度、扩大高校的科研规模、提升高校的科学技术水平等 方面提出相关的对策和建议。     

Modeling the process of the creation of business companies by federally funded scientific and educational institutions

This paper considers the problems of the creation of business societies by federally funded scientific and educational institutions, the problems of introducing innovative developments at universities, the urgency of modeling the processes of commercializing the results of intellectual activity and the conduction of business games on this basis within the framework of practical lessons in the teaching process.     

单篇论文成本和国家自然科学基金资助模式探讨

近12 年来浙江师范大学获得国家自然科学基金资助和发表论文的情况表明,单篇论文成本在逐年极显著 地增加。单篇论文成本上升说明研究水平的提高,其上升的根本原因是国家投资的增加,增加资助项目数将更有利于 科学研究。基于数据实证,提出资助模式的转变是必要的。     

我国科研诚信政策变迁计量分析

[目的/意义] 对我国中央发布的科研诚信政策和地方响应情况的现状及变迁作了分析，以求把握政策发展态势与阶段重点，为科研诚信建设提供支撑，为我国科研诚信政策发展研究提供帮助。[方法/过程] 搜集整理108份与科研诚信相关的中央政策及80份参照落实中央政策的地方政策，使用政策文本计算与政策文献量化方法，对政策发布时间、发布机构、政策内容及政策响应情况的现状及其变迁进行分析梳理，得到了政策发布的时间特征、重要机构特征、内容侧重点变化以及政策响应的特征。[结果/结论] ①科研诚信相关治理措施早在1980年就有涉及，近年来围绕国家创新建设的需求发文数量骤增，治理的态度更坚决，措施办法也更加具体。②科研诚信的治理由中央政府领导，教育部与科技部是各个阶段的主要管理部门，相关部门逐渐加入进行共同治理，目前已形成合力的格局。③各部门的科研诚信治理着力点、对象与方法略有差异，但总体而言，从方法与目标上来看，逐渐从自我约束、道德教育转变到制度建设与道德建设齐抓共管。④全国范围内绝大多数的地方省市都积极响应了中央政策，采取措施进行科研诚信治理，但相对而言有一定的时滞。     

Detecting emerging technologies and their evolution using deep learning and weak signal analysis

Emerging technologies can have major economic impacts and affect strategic stability. Yet, early identification of emerging technologies remains challenging. In order to identify emerging technologies in a timely and reliable manner, a comprehensive examination of relevant scientific and technological (S&T) trends and their related references is required. This examination is generally done by domain experts and requires significant amounts of time and effort to gain insights. The use of domain experts to identify emerging technologies from S&T trends may limit the capacity to analyse large volumes of information and introduce subjectivity in the assessments. Decision support systems are required to provide accurate and reliable evidence-based indicators through constant and continuous monitoring of the environment and help identify signals of emerging technologies that could alter security and economic prosperity. For example, the research field of hypersonics has recently witnessed several advancements having profound technological, commercial, and national security implications. In this work, we present a multi-layer quantitative approach able to identify future signs from scientific publications on hypersonics by leveraging deep learning and weak signal analysis. The proposed framework can help strategic planners and domain experts better identify and monitor emerging technology trends.     

公众科学的发展与挑战

[目的/意义]公众科学是指非传统意义上的科研人员、普通民众参与到科学研究过程的全新科研范式，是新型开放创新模式。分析公众科学的发展趋势与挑战，对我国开展公众科学具有一定的借鉴意义。[方法/过程]通过文献调研、典型案例分析、对比分析等方法分析公众科学的发展、典型公众科学项目、面临问题的基础上，提出发展公众科学的政策建议。[结果/结论]公众科学是一种新型开放创新模式，有助于推动开放科学发展，有益于公民科学素养的提高，有利于公众参与政府决策。应充分认识公众科学的巨大潜力，从政策层面推动公众科学的进步。     

Agenda Building In Media Coverage of Food Research

Concern has been raised about the rising influence of public relations on scientific news coverage and the potential role of institutional sources in shaping news reports. This study uses quantitative content analysis and qualitative interviews to explore the influence of public relations activities on newspaper coverage of “superfoods” and, in particular, to explore the transparency of reporting of the sources of research funding. Superfoods were chosen as a case study because the term is applied to a wide range of foods with potential health benefits (e.g. foods high in antioxidants). Furthermore, foods labelled as “superfoods” have seen sharp increases in sales, suggesting a potential commercial incentive for such labelling. Analysis of a sample of news articles reporting superfoods revealed a considerable influence for media releases in shaping the content of reports, while less than a third of reports discussing research studies funded by organisations with a commercial interest in the findings mentioned the funding sources. Qualitative interviews confirmed the role of press offices in promoting research, particularly from scientific conferences, and suggest that scientific societies are applying less stringent criteria to studies selected for publication than in the past.     

地方高校图书馆自设科研课题有效运行研究——以天津理工大学图书馆为例

本文根据地方高校图书馆自设科研课题为主线,提出自设课题运行需要进行规范的科研立项准备、项目实施管理、后期管理。自设科研课题的有效运行应从科研能力、科研范围、科研成果水平三个维度推动高校图书馆的科研水平的提升,为图书馆科研工作奠定了基础。     

Network analysis of temporal trends in scholarly research productivity

We propose a method to identify the journals or proceedings that are most highly esteemed by a research group over some time frame. Using open publication databases, we identify the experts in the community, and analyse their publication pattern, and then use this as a guideline for evaluating scientific outputs of other groups of researchers publishing in the same domain. To illustrate the practicality of our method, we analyse the scientific output of Korean researchers in the security subject domain from 2004 to 2009, and comparing this groups’ output with that of well-known researchers. Our empirical analysis demonstrates that there is a persistent gap between these two research groups’ publications impact over this period, although the absolute number of journal publications greatly increased over recent years.