米索前列醇联合笑气吸入用于绝经后妇女宫内节育器取出术的临床观察

目的：探讨米索前列醇（misoprostol）联合笑气（nitrous oxide）吸入在绝经后妇女宫内节育器取出术中的临床应用价值。方法：收集56例绝经在1年以上要求取出宫内节育器（IUD）的全部资料，随机分为观察组24例，对照组32例。通过术前口服米索前列醇、术中笑气吸入。分析其使用效果。结果：发现由于使用米索前列醇联合笑气吸入，宫颈得到了软化与扩张。观察组取环成功率为87．5％，对照组取环成功率为28.1％，按统计学检验P〈0．001．两者之间差异有显著性。结论：绝经后妇女取环使用米索前列醇联合笑气吸入，不但能使宫颈软化减轻取环困难．而且还缩短了手术时间，效果比较理想。     

嵌顿性混合痔早期手术50例临床观察

两年来,我们对50例急性嵌顿性混合痔采用早期手术加后正中括约肌部分切开术。取得满意疗效。 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 男性34例,女性16例,年龄19～70岁,主要表现为:肛门外肿物、水肿、疼痛、排便困难。痔嵌顿后至手术时问为4h～3d。术后痔块脱落时间为5～12d,嵌顿性混合痔皆为截石位3点、7点、11点处。 1.2 治疗方法 患者在骶管麻醉成功后于手术台上取截石位,常规消毒,铺无菌巾。首先选择3点处嵌顿痔手术。在嵌顿痔的内痔部分和外痔部分分别用两把血管钳夹住,然后左手     

43例腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查取石术的临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查取石术的技术要求及其临床应用的局限性。方法:随机收集腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查取石术患者共计43例的临床诊疗数据,分析探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查取石术的技术要点及其及其临床应用的局限性。结果:手术成功率90.7%(39/43),中转率9.3%(4/43)。39例中放置T管引流者32例,胆总管一期缝合者7例。平均手术时间为(132.0士38.5)分钟。术后出现穿刺孔(切口)感染、残余结石各2例,并发症率10.3%(4/39)。结论:目前腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查取石术主要适合用于非嵌顿性胆总管结石病例,不宜用于肝内外胆管结石或结石嵌顿病例。     

B超诊断宫腔内节育器位置的临床探讨

宫内节育器上缘距宫底距离在1.0-2.0cm之间的带器妊娠率为0;宫内节育器上缘距宫底距离>2.0cm,带器妊娠率为28.1％。本文通过对152名宫腔内放置节育器龄妇女B超检查结果的总结分析,得出宫内节育器在宫腔内上缘距宫底的距离>2.0cm定为宫内节育器下移。     

绝经后妇女2型糖尿病性激素与糖尿病肾病的相关分析

目的:探讨绝经后妇女2型糖尿病病人性激素水平与糖尿病肾病的关系.方法:测定绝经后27例糖尿病肾病、25例无并发症糖尿病及20例正常绝经后妇女的血清雌二醇(E2)、孕激素(P)、促卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)和睾酮(T)等水平.结果:绝经后妇女2型糖尿病合并肾病患者E2较正常绝经后妇女显著降低,FSH、LH、T显著增高.结论:绝经后妇女性激素水平变化与2型糖尿病肾病有关.     

妊娠合并血液病引产15例体会

我院本身是血液病研究治疗基地,我科对血液病合并妊娠12-16周的要求中止妊娠的15例孕妇,采用0.5％雷夫奴尔经宫颈羊膜腔内注入后行钳刮术,疗效满意。现介绍如下;1 资料与方法 本组15例均为孕12-16周,再障缓解期者,其中初孕妇10例,孕二次4例,孕三次以上者1例。术前均常规体格检查,验血常规Hb在7.5-8.5g/L。肝肾功能正常。术前常规阴道、宫颈消毒后,取0.5％雷夫奴尔20ml,用12号穿刺针头经宫颈缓缓直刺羊膜腔内,回吸见羊水后,方将药液缓缓注入,24小时后行钳刮手术。     

超声在宫腔镜子宫纵隔切除术中的应用

子宫纵隔是一种常见的子宫畸形,是引起女性不孕及习惯性流产的重要原因之一。随着内镜技术的发展,宫腔镜下子宫纵隔切除已成为治疗该病的常规方法。我院采用超声监视联合宫腔镜切除子宫纵隔,取得了良好的疗效,现总结如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料我院2006年1月-2009年1月收治患者37例,年龄20~36岁,平均年龄26岁,经腹或经阴道超声和宫腔镜检查确诊为纵隔子宫,其中完全性纵隔子宫患者7例,不完全性纵隔子宫患者30例,12例有反复自然流产史。1.2仪器应用日本产TOSHIBA JUSTVISION 200型黑白超声诊断仪,经腹探头频率2.5~5.0 MHz。武汉产RF-BD-180型自聚焦宫腔检查镜及治疗镜,外鞘直径分别为5 mm、9 mm,术中微型剪,配备电脑显像系统。膨宫液为生理盐水。1.3方法患者术前均经盆腔超声、血常规、出凝血功能检查及宫腔镜明确诊断,确定手术的可能性。月经干净后3~7 d内手术,患者术前适度充盈膀胱,选择连续硬膜外麻醉,取膀胱截石位,常规阴部消毒铺巾,扩张宫颈,置入宫腔镜,行液体膨宫,膨宫压力为100~130 mmHg,待膨宫液与充盈的膀胱形成双项对比的透声窗,超声动态观察子宫腔的形态,...     

性激素水平检测在绝经期出血患者中的应用

绝经期出血是妇科常见疾病之一,引起出血的原因有炎症、肿瘤、增生等等。为了探讨性激素在绝经期出血中的作用,我们测定了70例绝经期出血与50例绝经后正常妇女的性激素雌二醇(E-2)、睾酮(T)的水平。报告如下:1 资料和方法1.1 资料:诊断明确的门诊和住院病人,炎症者40例为良性组,癌者30例为恶性组,另有50例正常绝经妇女为对照组。     

腹腔镜治疗小儿嵌顿疝58例体会

目的探讨小儿腹股沟嵌顿疝腹腔镜手术处理的意义。方法辅助还纳嵌顿肠管，镜下观察肠管血运，检查肠管有无缺血和坏死。缝闭内环口，观察对侧隐匿性疝。结果58例顺利于腹腔镜下完成手术，3例小肠穿孔行肠修补，2例小肠坏死行肠切除肠吻合术。同时发现对侧隐匿性疝16例并行高位结扎。结论腹腔镜行嵌顿疝手术具有损伤小，发现对侧隐匿性疝气，镜下观察肠管血运，并发症少等优点。     

放置宫内节育器妇女放线菌感染的临床分析

采用巴氏染色法,对1538例放置宫内节育器(IUD)及326例未放置IUD妇女(对照组),做宫颈涂片,进行放线菌检测。结果表明,IUD组放线菌阳性率为1.1%,对照组为0.3%,两组比较,差异有极显著意义(P<0.01)。另外,阳性率与IUD放置年限有关,放置7年以上者阳性率明显高于7年以下者。年龄、职业与放线菌感染无明显关系。IUD组中,放线菌阳性和阴性者的临床症状,除宫颈炎外,差异无显著意义。     

Case Report: Liquid-based cytology aids in primary fallopian tube cancer diagnosis

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is a rare malignant carcinoma among all genital tract malignancies. It occurs most commonly in postmenopausal women and is similar to ovarian malignancy historically and clinically. Because of its insidious onset and silent course, the diagnosis is made usually postoperatively. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a type of method for cervical cancer screening, but sometimes it may aid in making PFTC diagnosis. We report a 47-year-old woman with PFTC, whose diagnosis was made with the aid of LBC.     

Liquid-based cytology aids in primary fallopian tube cancer diagnosis

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is a rare malignant carcinoma among all genital tract malignancies. It occurs most commonly in postmenopausal women and is similar to ovarian malignancy historically and clinically. Because of its insidious onset and silent course, the diagnosis is made usually postoperatively. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a type of method for cervical cancer screening, but sometimes it may aid in making PFTC diagnosis. We report a 47-year-old woman with PFTC, whose diagnosis was made with the aid of LBC.      

Assessment of ghrelin and leptin receptor levels in postmenopausal women who received oral or transdermal menopausal hormonal therapy

Objective  

In postmenopausal women, an increased leptin concentration and reduced levels of ghrelin and adiponectin were observed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of the active form of ghrelin, total ghrelin, leptin receptor, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in postmenopausal women who received oral or transdermal menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT).     

Birth control update for childbirth educators

Since the last in a series of childbirth education classes discusses contraception, educators must know about various family planning methods. Oral contraceptives (OCs) comprise combined OCs, phasic OCs, and minipills. Combined OCs inhibit secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which in turn keeps the follicle-stimulating hormone from inducing the ovarian follicle to grow and keeps luteinizing hormones from activating ovulation. They also thicken cervical mucus. Minipills also thicken cervical mucus and render the endometrium unreceptive to fertilized egg implantation. They do not always inhibit ovulation, however. OCs can induce side effects, such as nausea, hypertension, increased risk of atherosclerosis, and fatigue. The IUD prevents pregnancy either by inhibiting implantation of a fertilized egg or by an inflammatory reaction of the endometrium resulting in a release of macrophages which may destroy sperm. The no-longer-produced Dalkon Shield IUD increased the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease and damaged the reputation of other IUDs. Rare IUD complications are uterine perforation, salpingitis, tubal scarring, pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility. Diaphragms, cervical film, and condoms serve as barriers between the egg and sperm. The main problem with barrier methods is the increased risk of developing toxic shock syndrome. Spermicide increase the effectiveness of diaphragms, cervical caps, and condoms. Vasectomy keeps sperm from arriving at storage sites. Shortterm side effects are swelling, discomfort, and occasional rejoining of the cut ends of the vas. Research hints at a link between vasectomy and prostate cancer. Some complications of tubal ligation are urinary tract infections, accidental electrical burns, and pelvic infections. Natural family planning methods include withdrawal, the rhythm method, and the sypto-thermal method. Controversial injectable contraceptives are Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate) and Noristerate (norethisterone enanthate).     

宫腔镜诊断异常子宫出血76例临床分析

目的：探讨官腔镜诊断异常子宫出血的应用价值。方法：对2003．2～2004．8月初诊为异常子宫出血并进行B超及官腔镜检查，同时官腔镜下取病理进行组织病理学检查的76例病例进行回顾性分析。结果：B超报告官腔内异常为22例，官腔镜发现官腔内异常为53例，与B超符合率为41．5％；经活检，诊刮病理报告异常的55例．与官腔镜的符合率为88．7％。结论：官腔镜检查可以直视官腔内病变、定位取材，诊断的准确率较高，但官腔镜检查只有结合B超并与定位组织活检、诊刮相结合，才能提高官腔内疾病的诊断价值。     

张爱玲小说创作的女性观

张爱玲通过她的小说创作道出了她的女性观,发出女人的天空是低的悲叹,但她在刻画了部分安于命运甘心做生活和男人的奴隶的女性外,也表明了女性对命运的抗争,方式虽然各不相同,但目的是一样的,为的是追求平实而安稳的生活。     

抗战时期陕甘宁边区的婚姻制度改革

抗日战争时期,中共主张发动人民群众进行全面抗战,动员广大妇女参与抗战也在任务之列.从妇女运动总方针到边区婚姻法规的颁布施行,中共中央从理论和实践上对陕甘宁边区的封建婚姻进行了实质性的改革.改革内容主要涉及婚姻自主,妇女的家庭财产权利和妇女的家庭地位等方面.从陕甘宁边区婚姻制度改革的窗口,能窥探到妇女运动的积极效应,当然也暴露出了战时背景下这一改革的局限.     

Positive and negative aspects of relationship quality and unprotected sex among young women

The aim of this study was to examine both positive and negative aspects of relationship quality in relation to condom use. Sexually active young women aged 14–18 years (n = 111; 34% non-white) were recruited from community clinics and schools in the Midwest USA and provided data via an online survey. The number of unprotected sex acts in the past month with the most recent male partner was regressed on relationship quality with that partner, adjusting for demographics and other characteristics. Negative relationship quality was associated with a greater number of unprotected sex acts among women reporting a low level of positive relationship quality and among women taking hormonal/IUD contraception. Positive relationship quality was associated with unprotected sex among women who reported multiple partners in the past month. Both positive and negative aspects of relationship quality may confer risk for unprotected sex. This risk appears to be modified by patterns of contraceptive use and other sexual behaviours. Health professionals and sexual health educators may be more effective in promoting condom use if they ask questions about both positive and negative aspects of young people’s relationship quality and tailor their conversations based on the responses received.     

The Case for Women Mentoring Women

ABSTRACT

The authors argue that there will be a critical mass of women in leadership positions in kinesiology and across higher education for substantial gender-based mentoring to take place in the 21st century. First, the current state of women in higher education leadership, trends in mentoring, and the reasons it is important for women who have aspirations to advance in their careers are examined. The authors argue that it is important to have access to gender-based guidance and support that are critical to successful leadership into the future. The authors advocate for a focused, purposeful type of mentoring supported by relational-cultural theory and narrative practice. Men will continue to be important mentors for women, but the authors argue that, at the same time, women also need to have access to the perspectives of other women who have forged the way into higher education administration.     

基于ARM—Linux的电子导游系统研究

利用Qt／Embedded设计了一款基于ARM—Linux的嵌入式电子导游系统．系统以Maplnfo格式的桌面电子地图文件为数据来源,在Linux操作系统下以Qt／Embedded为开发环境,并将系统移植到FS2410开发板上．系统实现了旅游景点的视频解说、图片展示和文本介绍以及旅游路线导航服务等功能．最后,以福州鼓山景区作为实例,验证了系统的稳定性和可操作性．此系统可以移植到智能设备上,成为一款灵活的便携导游设备．