导师指导与博士生培养质量分析

保障研究生培养质量是研究生教育的价值和灵魂所在,而导师的指导对博士生的培养起着至关重要的作用。目前博士生培养质量问题引起了业界的广泛关注。文章以＂研究生学习与生活＂为主要内容,对五所研究型大学的博士研究生进行了问卷调查。研究发现：目前导师对博士研究生的指导比较充分;导师的指导频率和指导程度与博士生学位论文的选题、博士生一般论文的质量以及博士生科研能力有很大关系。     

博士生对导师指导满意吗?——基于Nature全球博士生调查

导师是博士生培养的关键。在与高等教育发达国家比较视野下,从博士生体验和评价视角探析当前我国博士生导师对博士生指导现状及相对水平,可为优化研究生导师指导行为提供支持。经选取Nature调查中代表性发达国家对比发现,我国博士生对导师总体满意,但对导师指导分项满意度还有较大提升空间。具体到导师指导行为上,我国博士生对出版发表、合作机会、资金支持的满意度略高于或接近于发达国家,但在导师学术指导频次,给予心理支持和职业发展指导方面与发达国家存在一定差距,尤其是对导师给予其学术指导,提供参加学术会议、会议报告机会等培养支持满意度处于对比8国的较低水平。基于数据分析和讨论,建议导师遴选应加强对导师指导能力和指导质量的考察,高校对导师的岗位要求和岗位评价等应细化导师指导行为,多渠道为博士生开展同行学术交流创造条件。     

中日博士生学位论文指导的比较分析——基亏“研究生学习与生活调查”的数据

本文选取了博士生论文的确定途径、博士生的研究与导师研究之间的关系、博士生跟导师探讨博士论文的频率和博士生对导师指导论文的认可程度这四个维度,比较分析了中日两国博士生学习与生活的数据。结果发现,我国博士生在学位论文指导过程中需要进一步提高科研自主性和独立性,加强导师与博士生之间的互动,更好地发挥导师的引导和决策作用,才能提高博士生创新能力,保证博士生培养的质量。     

中日博士生学位论文指导的比较分析——基于"研究生学习与生活调查"的数据

本文选取了博士生论文的确定途径、博士生的研究与导师研究之间的关系、博士生跟导师探讨博士论文的频率和博士生对导师指导论文的认可程度这四个维度,比较分析了中日两国博士生学习与生活的数据.结果发现,我国博士生在学位论文指导过程中需要进一步提高科研自主性和独立性,加强导师与博士生之间的互动,更好地发挥导师的引导和决策作用,才能提高博士生创新能力,保证博士生培养的质量.     

当前我国博士生教育导师指导问题分析——基于五所研究型大学的调查

通过5所研究型大学对1616位在读博士生、619位博士生导师以及131位研究生教育负责人的抽样问卷调查,从指导形式、指导频率、指导影响三个方面探讨了当前我国博士培养过程中导师指导的现状及存在的问题,发现存在的不足有:指导的方式较为单一、部分导师的指导缺乏针对性和实效性等。     

发挥集体指导优势 提高博士生培养质量

成立以导师为首的博士生指导小组对博士生进行指导,是提高博士生培养质量的重要措施之一。作者结合博士生培养的实践,深入分析了导师个人指导博士生存在的弊端和局限性,论述了成立以导师为首的博士生指导小组的必要性,阐明了博士生指导小组的组织形式、相应职责,总结了实际效果。成立博士生指导小组是保证博士生培养质量的一个重要规范,同时也是时代的必然要求     

导师指导对博士生教育经历满意度的影响研究

导师指导是影响博士研究生成才和发展的关键因素,也是“双一流”大学人才培养质量保障的关键因素之一。通过对西北工业大学博士生满意度的实证研究发现：导师指导博士生的学术规范对博士生教育经历的满意度影响作用最大,其次是导师指导频率、激发博士生的学术兴趣和指导博士生的职业规划,提升科研能力的影响关系较弱。为进一步提高博士生满意度,应充分研究和分析影响关系的内在机理,有的放矢,以加强导师队伍建设。     

博士生希望什么样的培养环境——基于博士生意见调查的实证研究

博士生对院校培养工作的意见是进行培养环境优化的重要依据。基于1200余名博士生调查数据,采用混合式研究方法展开探索,结果发现:第一,博士生意见集中在奖助体系、导师指导、考核评价和学术交流上,具体内容分别指向奖助学金支持力度不够,导师的学术指导缺位,考核评价方式固化单一,学术交流机会不足;第二,在学科差异上,理工科博士生的导师指导满意度和科研自由度得分较低,并且相比其它学科学生提出较多导师指导方面的意见,人文学科博士生更加支持采用1篇论文代表作的评价方式,并且相比其它学科学生提出较多考核评价方面的意见。基于上述发现提出博士生培养环境的改进对策。     

我国博士生教育的生师比调查

博士生教育的生师比是影响博士培养质量的重要因素。通过对五所研究型大学调查发现,我国博士生教育的生师比存在过高与过低并存、"两头偏大",以及生师比偏高使部分博士生接受导师指导频率偏低等问题。     

博士生导师在构建和谐导学关系中的作用研究——基于北京市10所高校的调查

通过对北京市10所高校2047名博士生的实证调查发现,导师的指导频率、指导方式、指导理念、指导范围是导学关系的影响要素。博士生普遍认为导师在学术指导、道德培养、生涯引导、情感支持四个方面对构建和谐导学关系发挥着主导作用。     

实施多元化导师指导 提高博士学位完成率

博士生延期和流失已成为我国博士生教育过程中的重要问题之一。本文借鉴国内外导师制度的实践模式,设计了包括导师、导师组、导师委员会和导师指导工作室等四个层面的多元化导师指导体系,并在博士生教育管理过程中加以实践。     

International doctoral students’ experience of supervision: a case study in a Chinese university

Internationalisation in higher education is now a worldwide phenomenon but there is little attention paid to internationalisation at doctoral level, although this phenomenon has grown exponentially in recent years. This study focuses on a university in China to examine how international doctoral students and their supervisors perceive supervision and the relations between supervisor and student. It describes and analyses the experiences of supervisors and students, and the concepts they used to articulate and reflect on them. Semi-formal interviews were conducted with six doctoral students and their supervisors. Analysis shows that, apart from formal supervision, informal enculturation through social and academic networks, the tongmen, plays an important role in supervision and in socialising the doctoral researchers into the community of practice. The study adds to the field a new case from a specific epistemological and intellectual tradition and challenges existing theories concerning methods and concepts of supervision.     

De-colonising international collaboration: The University of KwaZulu-Natal-Mauritius Institute of Education Cohort PhD programme

This paper explores the setting up of the partnership across the Mauritian and South African higher education contexts with respect to the development of a postgraduate PhD doctoral studies programme. The Mauritian Institute of Education (MIE) aims to develop staffing capacities through engagement with doctoral studies, especially in the context of limited experience in doctoral supervision. The South African model of doctoral cohort supervision at The University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) School of Education is a recent alternative model of delivery in the building of these student and staff capacities through shared ownership of the process and products of doctoral education and development. This paper highlights the expectations, constraints and enabling features of the setting up of the UKZN-MIE PhD programme across international boundaries, driven by mutual reciprocity through valuing of indigenous local knowledges, a non-colonising engagement and innovative methodologies for postgraduate education. Adapting the UKZN cohort model for the international context is the subject of this paper. The paper draws on the experiences of the designers and deliverers as well as users of this programme. The paper explores what drives this form of international collaboration for both contracting partners in the context of shifting conceptions of a teacher education institution.     

Joint supervision practices in doctoral education – A student experience

This paper presents a study of students’ experiences of joint supervision practices and supervisors’ professional work in doctoral education in one department of a Finnish university. A qualitative methodology was used to explore students’ experiences of joint supervision practices and an inductive protocol was used to analyse the data gathered through thematic interviews (N=11). The results describe three identified joint supervision practices: the complementary, the substitutive, and the diversified. The results suggest that departments and faculties should develop more official support and guidance for students to identify additional supervisors during their doctoral education.     

Should first-year doctoral students be supervised collectively or individually? Effects on thesis completion and time to completion

Whether supervision of doctoral students is best pursued individually or collectively is a recurring but unresolved question in debates on higher education. The rarity of longitudinal data and the common usage of qualitative methods to analyse a limited number of cases have left the effectiveness of either model largely untested. To assist with overcoming these problems, this paper reports on a study of 145 individuals admitted to a specific doctoral programme between 1991 and 2014. It analyses the effects of either individual or collective supervision during the first year of the programme on the probability of thesis completion and the time to thesis completion. Group means, Cox regressions, Kaplan–Meir curves and Ordinary Least Square regressions are calculated on the basis of the number of months spent by each doctoral student in the programme without defending a thesis. Studied in these ways, it appears that collective supervision in the first year significantly increases the probability of thesis completion and decreases the time to thesis completion. Collective supervision may have this effect as it enhances peer learning, creates a wider academic learning context, allows doctoral students to gradually acquire the values and behaviours of a research practice community and reduces the risk of premature selection of permanent supervisors.     

Why did I drop out? Former students’ recollections about their study process and factors related to leaving the doctoral studies

Recent reforms in higher education have provided material for researching different aspects of doctoral studies in a variety of ways. Much of the current literature concentrates on characteristics of effective supervision and doctoral students’ experiences. Less attention has been paid to the study experiences of non-completers – former doctoral students who dropped out of doctoral programmes prior to graduation. In the current study, we explore doctoral studies experiences from the perspective of non-completers and aim to identify factors that were related to dropping out. Data were collected with semi-structured interviews from 14 former doctoral students in the field of education, and qualitative thematic data analysis techniques were employed for data analysis. The results indicate that dropping out from doctoral studies is associated with different factors: for example, (with) students’ personal factors, supervisory arrangements, as well as factors related to institution and the wider learning environment. These results are further discussed and implications for enhancing study arrangements for doctoral studies are presented.     

Identifying,Characterising and Assessing New Practices in Doctoral Education

Traditionally, European doctoral education has principally taken place within the binary relationship of professors and their doctoral students according to the apprenticeship model. However, in the last one to two decades, this model has been questioned. Governments and higher education institutions (HEIs) reform doctoral education by establishing and running structured doctoral programmes or Doctoral Schools. Inspired by American Graduate Schools, various forms of Doctoral Schools have been increasingly emerging in many European HEIs. This article identifies, characterises and critically assesses the principal changes in doctoral education practices introduced through Doctoral Schools on the basis of eight case studies carried out in Swiss and Norwegian HEIs. The empirical analysis results in the identification of six types of changes which concern doctoral students’ recruitment, curricular component, supervision, scientific exchange, tracking and their career. These changes lead to four kind of trends – which vary according to the case study – consisting of a structuring, standardisation and opening of doctoral education, whereas its academic character is maintained. If greater competitiveness, better scientific quality and higher graduating rates may be achieved, problems in terms of ‘brain drain’, workload, supervision, innovation and careers may even be reinforced or at least not completely solved.     

Understanding the Researcher Identity Development of Counselor Education and Supervision Doctoral Students

Counselor education and supervision (CES) doctoral students play an important role in contributing to knowledge in the counseling profession. CES doctoral students were interviewed to explore their researcher identity, a unique self‐concept that possibly includes research self‐efficacy and interest. Issues critical to facilitating researcher identity development included confidence, the researcher voice, faculty support, and opportunities for research.