论集体合作的认识论研究——从维基百科谈起

以维基百科为代表的网络合作创造了一种全新的知识生产方式,并从认识论上提出了新的问题和挑战,文章关注了这些问题并对集体合作的认识论研究展开深入的分析和思考。文章指出维基百科与科学的四种认识文化差异,认为维基百科知识可以被视为一种认识论研究中的集体陈词,这种集体陈词具有较强的可辩护性,维基百科并不能取代专家作用,但是却能够生成一种认识平均主义模型从而打破知识特权实现知识权利的转移和流动。     

维基百科自组织模式下质量保证机制分析

维基百科作为一部资源共享的百科全书,质量和内容应该是关注的焦点.笔者围绕维基百科的质量问题,对其信息工作组织模式进行了系统分析,探讨了维基百科社群对质量问题的认识,分析了维基百科的交流模式和工作组织对维基百科内容质量的影响,总结了维基百科质量保证的过程以及控制方式,丰富了开放协同环境中信息质量控制问题的研究.     

从论文引用的角度看维基百科对中国学术界的影响

跨入互联网时代,维基百科的出现,颠覆了以往的百科全书的创作模式,也给国际开放存取注入了新的活力。文章针对2000年~2010年论文中引用维基百科的情况,对其进行了时间和空间的统计分析,力图揭示维基百科对中国学术界的影响。     

维基百科历史类文献的参考文献分析

分析了维基百科中历史类文献的参考文献,随机选择了50篇标有参考文献的文章进行分析.统计结果显示:无论是参考文献的数量还是使用次数,维基百科与历史学专业期刊<史学月刊>存在较大差距,维基百科参考文献的主要来源是图书,占全部参考文献的75.68%.与<史学月刊>几乎没有来源于网络的参考文献不同,维基百科的参考文献有22.11%的参考文献来源于网络,并且主要来自网络新闻媒体.研究结果表明:维基百科50篇文章的质量与<史学月刊>的文章存在较大差距.最后提出了一些参考意见以改善维基百科的信息质量.     

中文维基百科演化趋势与政策环境结构研究

以中文维基百科为研究对象,分析了其页面更新和用户行为的演化过程,得出用户与词条编辑增长的四个趋势.通过页面链接分析,揭示了中文维基百科政策环境的三层结构.结合对政策制定、施行和维护过程的定性分析,基于社会科学理论探讨了中文维基百科政策环境制定与运行原则.     

维基百科:人人都能编写的百科全书

<正>诞生于1768年的《不列颠百科全书》,是现存最古老的英语百科全书。200多年来,该百科全书共修订了15次,出版了10多种外文版。然而,维基百科诞生后,这部以学术性强、权威性高著称的百科全书,受到了日益严峻的挑战。2012年,《不列颠百科全书》停止纸质版印刷,时任出版社总裁乔治·高祖告诉记者:"《不列颠百科全书》与维基百科的体量相比,简直是微不足道。我们就做不到为每一个     

面向中文维基百科的检索模型研究

越来越多的研究者认识到维基百科是知识获取的有效知识源,然而维基百科站点内部现有的搜索引擎没有充分利用其丰富的语义信息,因此,本文对面向中文维基百科的检索模式进行了对比研究。实验表明,本文提出的基于分类体系的语义检索模式在检准率、检全率以及检索速度方面能取得更好的效果,让用户更充分地利用到中文维基百科这个大规模知识库。     

系统协同认知模型在维基百科中的实证分析

针对维基百科协同编辑的协同认知过程和机制研究相对较少,以及协同认知理论发展也不成熟的问题。本文系统介绍了系统认知过程模型,从认知冲突的角度解释了知识吸收和知识创新的过程。以Wikipedia中香港教育史条目为例,分析了维基百科的协同认知过程,深入认识其协同编辑过程,为研究维基百科的演化过程提供一个新的视角,也对虚拟环境下的协同认知过程提供研究基础。     

中文维基百科和百度百科类目组织系统的比较分析

开放型网络百科是一种集体创造知识的协作平台,其中中文百科领域的代表是中文维基百科和百度百科.文章立足于中文维基百科,运用对比分析方法,从类目体系、类名及条目等角度对中文维基百科和百度百科分类系统作出了探索性的研究.明确两个类目组织系统的差异及共同点,以帮助用户针对性地选择适合的百科系统.     

基于Wiki的高校数字图书馆知识自组织探讨

介绍了Wiki的知识自组织原理和维基百科的信息自组织模式,在此基础上试图借鉴维基百科的信息自组织模式探讨基于Wiki的高校数字图书馆知识自组织模式及Wiki在高校数字图书馆知识自组织中的应用.     

Wikipedia,Critical Social Theory,and the Possibility of Rational Discourse 1

Information systems researchers that apply critical social perspectives frequently emphasize the potential for information technology to serve as a mechanism for increased rationalization, domination, and control. Such theorists often overlook or discount the liberating aspects of information systems. In this study, we apply the ideal of rational discourse developed by Jürgen Habermas to the phenomenon of Wikipedia in an effort to explore empirically the emancipatory potential of information systems. We contend that Wikipedia embodies an approximation of the necessary conditions for rational discourse. While several challenges persist, the example of Wikipedia illustrates the positive potential of information systems in supporting the emergence of more emancipatory forms of communication. The corresponding implications for researchers and design professionals alike are discussed.     

维基百科生产者特征分析及其启示

维基百科是wiki技术和协作模式成功的典范,证明了开放共享、协同写作这一新的内容创建形式和协作模式的可行性和成功之处。笔者从社区的角度对维基百科的成长动力进行分析,主要是从社区得以运行的源头,以此为切入点揭示英文维基百科取得巨大成功的原因,造成中文维基发展滞缓的因素,及对其他wiki项目建设管理所带来的启示。     

Transparency and social responsibility issues for Wikipedia

Wikipedia is known as a free online encyclopedia. Wikipedia uses largely transparent writing and editing processes, which aim at providing the user with quality information through a democratic collaborative system. However, one aspect of these processes is not transparent—the identity of contributors, editors, and administrators. We argue that this particular lack of transparency jeopardizes the validity of the information being produced by Wikipedia. We analyze the social and ethical consequences of this lack of transparency in Wikipedia for all users, but especially students; we assess the corporate social performance issues involved, and we propose courses of action to compensate for the potential problems. We show that Wikipedia has the appearance, but not the reality, of responsible, transparent information production. This paper’s authors are the same as those who authored Wood, D. J. and Queiroz, A. 2008. Information versus. knowledge: Transparency and social responsibility issues for Wikipedia. In Antonino Vaccaro, Hugo Horta, and Peter Madsen (Eds.), Transparency, Information, and Communication Technology (pp. 261–283). Charlottesville, VA: Philosophy Documentation Center. Adele has changed her surname from Queiroz to Santana     

How can wikipedia be used to support the process of automatically building multilingual domain modules? a case study.

The goal of the research here presented is to identify which aspects of Wikipedia can be exploited to support the process of automatically building Multilingual Domain Modules from textbooks. First, we have defined a representation formalism for Multilingual Domain Modules that is essential for Technology Supported Learning Systems which aim to serve a globalized society. To our knowledge, no attempt has been made at achieving domain models that consider multiple languages. Our approach combines Multilingual Educational Ontologies with Learning Objects in different languages. Wikipedia is a valuable resource to accomplish this purpose. In this scenario, we have developed LiDom Builder, a framework that uses Wikipedia as an additional knowledge base for the automatic generation of Multilingual Domain Modules from textbooks. The framework includes domain-independent term extraction methods to identify which topics of Wikipedia are related to the domain to be learnt and, also, extracts their equivalents in other languages. In order to complete the Educational Ontology, we have defined a method to extract pedagogical relationships from Wikipedia and other general-purpose knowledge bases. From this task, we highlight the extraction of relationship that will allow the sequencing of the topics in Technology Supported Learning Systems. In addition, LiDom Builder takes advantage of the structured contents of Wikipedia to identify text fragments that can be used for educational purposes, classifies them and generates their corresponding Learning Objects. The interlanguage links between topics of Wikipedia are used to create Learning Objects in other languages.     

Wikipedia bi-linear link (WBLM) model: A new approach for measuring semantic similarity and relatedness between linguistic concepts using Wikipedia link structure

Wikipedia links its articles by manually defined semantic relations called the Wikipedia hyperlink (link) structure. The existing Wikipedia link-based semantic similarity (SS) and semantic relatedness (SR) computation models, such as Wikipedia one-way link (WOLM) model and Wikipedia two-way link (WTLM) model, do not assess the strengths of the relationships between a candidate concept and its links (out-links or in-links). These models treat all the links as equally important even though some links are semantically more influential than others and should be given more importance. This phenomenon reduces the accuracy of these models. This paper presents the Wikipedia bi-linear link (WBLM) model that extends the previously proposed WOLM and WTLM models. The WBLM model explores the Wikipedia link structure as a semantic graph and discovers the strongly (bi-linear links) and weakly (out-links or in-links) connected links of a candidate concept. It improves the link-based vector representations of concepts by assigning weights to their connected links according to the strengths of their semantic associations. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed WBLM model significantly improves the SS and SR computation accuracy of the WOLM model (6.9%, 8%, 24%, 17.3%, 31.2%, 30.6%, 26.5%, and 35.4%) and WTLM model (1.2%, 3.9%, 7.1%, 9.9%, 11%, 6.3%, 12.7%, and 13%), in terms of linear correlations with human judgments on gold standard benchmarks, including MC30, RG65, WS203, SimLex, 353All, MTurk287, MTurk771, and MEN3000, respectively. Moreover, this research offers a deep insight into the Wikipedia link structure and provides an adequate base for understanding it as a semantic graph.     

A Wikipedia powered state-based approach to automatic search query enhancement

This paper describes the development and testing of a novel Automatic Search Query Enhancement (ASQE) algorithm, the Wikipedia N Sub-state Algorithm (WNSSA), which utilises Wikipedia as the sole data source for prior knowledge. This algorithm is built upon the concept of iterative states and sub-states, harnessing the power of Wikipedia’s data set and link information to identify and utilise reoccurring terms to aid term selection and weighting during enhancement. This algorithm is designed to prevent query drift by making callbacks to the user’s original search intent by persisting the original query between internal states with additional selected enhancement terms. The developed algorithm has shown to improve both short and long queries by providing a better understanding of the query and available data. The proposed algorithm was compared against five existing ASQE algorithms that utilise Wikipedia as the sole data source, showing an average Mean Average Precision (MAP) improvement of 0.273 over the tested existing ASQE algorithms.     

Coercion or empowerment? Moderation of content in Wikipedia as ‘essentially contested’ bureaucratic rules

In communities of user-generated content, systems for the management of content and/or their contributors are usually accepted without much protest. Not so, however, in the case of Wikipedia, in which the proposal to introduce a system of review for new edits (in order to counter vandalism) led to heated discussions. This debate is analysed, and arguments of both supporters and opponents (of English, German and French tongue) are extracted from Wikipedian archives. In order to better understand this division of the minds, an analogy is drawn with theories of bureaucracy as developed for real-life organizations. From these it transpires that bureaucratic rules may be perceived as springing from either a control logic or an enabling logic. In Wikipedia, then, both perceptions were at work, depending on the underlying views of participants. Wikipedians either rejected the proposed scheme (because it is antithetical to their conception of Wikipedia as a community) or endorsed it (because it is consonant with their conception of Wikipedia as an organization with clearly defined boundaries). Are other open-content communities susceptible to the same kind of ??essential contestation???     

维基百科与百度百科比较分析

Wiki是一种集体创造知识的协作平台,其中最有名也最成功的是维基百科.而在中文网络中,百度百科成长非常迅速.本文通过分析运营机制、管理方式、激励机制、版权保护、审核机制等,对维基百科和百度百科之间的异同做出了探索性的研究.     

College students’ credibility judgments and heuristics concerning Wikipedia

This study examined: (1) whether a peripheral cue and subject knowledge influenced the credibility judgments in the context of Wikipedia; and (2) whether certain factors affected heuristic processing in the context of Wikipedia. The theory of bounded rationality and the heuristic-systematic model serve as the basis of this study. Data were collected employing a quasi-experiment and a web survey at a large public university in the Midwestern United States in the fall of 2011. The study participants consisted of undergraduate students from nine courses whose instructors agreed to their participation. A total of 142 students participated in the study, of which a total of 138 surveys were useable. The major findings of this study include the following: a peripheral cue and knowledge influenced the credibility judgments of college students concerning Wikipedia. The effect of a peripheral cue on credibility judgments was not different between those with high versus low knowledge. Finally, perceived credibility was positively related to heuristic processing, but knowledge, cognitive workload or involvement in a topic was not. This study suggests that educators and librarians need to integrate heuristic approaches into their literacy programs, guiding students to effectively use and not blindly accept cues. Wikipedia needs to offer noticeable cues that can help Wikipedia readers assess the credibility of information. The role of perceptions in heuristic processing needs further investigation. Further, this study demonstrates the strength of a peripheral cue on credibility judgments, suggesting that further research is needed when cues lead to effective credibility judgments and when cues lead to biased credibility judgments. Finally, this study provides the suggestion of an integrated model of the theory of bounded rationality and the heuristic-systematic model that can enhance our understanding of heuristics in relation to credibility judgments.