行星际磁云及其相关事件的综合研究

根据SOHO飞船上的LASCO和EIT探测器和GOES卫星的关于太阳活动的观测资料以及ACE和Wind飞船在地球轨道附近关于太阳风等离子体和行星际磁场的观测数据,分析了日冕物质抛射(CME)、行星际磁云和地磁暴的相关性.包括具有地磁效应的晕状CME的日面源区位置分布,日冕物质抛射的中等周期分析,产生地磁暴的行星际参数的阈值等等.作为行星际复杂抛射的一种,首次提出了多重磁云的概念.通过分析观测事例,总结出了多重磁云的一些观测特征,并认为其具有潜在的强大的地磁效应.此外,利用观测资料,研究了激波进入磁云并引起地磁暴的现象.通过建立简单的理论模型,初步分析了激波在穿越磁云的过程中,所能引起的地磁暴的强度的变化.     

日冕物质抛射的对地有效性和近地空间环境的研究

作为灾害性空间天气的一种重要志源——日冕物质抛射(CME),一直是空间物理学家关注和研究的热点;另一方面,做为空间天气的最直接表现的层次——近地空间环境,随着地基探测手段的不断建立和完善也成为日-地关系链研究中的一个重要方面.主要从空间天气这因果两端出发,对CME的对地有效性问题,以及近地空间环境的探测和动力学过程进行了初步研究.在CME的对地有效性方面,主要工作包括:(1)CME冰淇淋锥模型的建立;(2)分析了CME对地有效性的主要影响因素;(3)分析了CME对地有效性的特大地磁暴起因.在近地空间环境研究方面,主要工作包括:(1)参与建立了中国科学技术大学米-瑞利-钠荧光激光雷达,并给出其对80~110km高度钠层的初步观测结果;(2)利用流星雷达研究了中高层大气周日、半日潮汐的典型相关模式.     

Solar Radio Astronomy and Plasma Non-thermal Proccsscs in Solar Atmosphere

1. Introduction Solar radio astronomy is an important branch of solar physics, which deals with the radio emission from the solar atmosphere. In solar physics, one of the greatest challenges is to understand the energy storing in the hot atmospheric plasma above sunspots and its sudden releasing in eruptive processes, such as solar flares, eruptive filaments, and coronal mass ejections （CME）. Intrinsically,     

Rcscarch on Small-Scale Solar Magnetic Fields and Activities

It has been known that there are different kinds of small-scale active phenomena on the Sun. They are classified into spicules, macrospicules, and H-alpha jets, X-ray jets, etc., according to their sizes, velocities, lifetimes, and so on. All these phenomena are related to small-scale magnetic fields. The problems of solar upper atmospheric heating and solar wind acceleration have never been solved. Small-scale magnetic fields and activities are considered to play key roles in heating upper atmosphere and in accelerating solar wind.     

Relativistic solar cosmic rays

Solar and galactic cosmic rays are of profound astrophysical interest. One facet of contemporary cosmic ray research utilizes these energetic particles as space probes for studying the characteristics of the solar-controlled interplanetary medium, the heliosphere, which is essentially the extension of the solar corona to a considerable distance beyond the orbit of earth. Solar cosmic ray observations in particular contribute to our understanding of the earth's environs, the interplanetary medium, and the sun itself. Appropriately deployed ground-based cosmic ray detectors utilize the earth as a spacedraft for carrying out experiments that are far beyond the capacity of artificial satellites. In interpreting the observations, however, the effects of the geomagnetic field and of the atmosphere must be taken into account by appropriate analytical procedures. Theoretical models account for many of the characteristics of the observed modulations and anisotropies, which manifest themselves as temporal or spatial intensity variations. Analysis of the measurements in terms of various models provides an understanding of the physical mechanisms, as well as the determination of the relevant parameters. Properties of solar cosmic rays that have been investigated include spectra, angular distributions, transport mechanisms and the acceleration to relativistic energies.     

Transportation of AIE-visualized nanoliposomes is dominated by the protein corona

Liposomes, especially cationic liposomes, are the most common and well-investigated nanocarriers for biomedical applications, such as drug and gene delivery. Like other types of nanomaterials, once liposomes are incubated in a biological milieu, their surface can be immediately cloaked by biological components to form a protein corona, which confers a new ‘biological identity’ and modulates downstream interactions with cells. However, it remains unclear how the protein corona affects the transportation mechanism after liposomes interact with cells. Here, we employed home-made aggregation-induced-emission-visualized nanoliposomes TR4@Lipo as a model to investigate transportation with or without the protein corona by optical imaging techniques. The results show that the protein corona can change the cellular transportation mechanism of TR4@Lipo from energy-independent membrane fusion to energy-dependent endocytosis. The protein corona also modulates the intracellular distribution of loaded cargoes. This knowledge furthers our understanding of bio-nano interactions and is important for the efficient use of cationic liposomes.     

蒙脱土—染料修饰电极制备及其对抗坏血酸的催化作用

用蒙脱土制备了蒙脱土/SnO_2/染料(靛蓝胭脂红)化学修饰电极.循环伏安图表明,有机染料分子可以持留在蒙脱上膜中,并显示出电化学活性.用蒙脱土制备的化学修饰电极(CME)可以很大地改进电极反应的稳定性.电活性物在蒙脱土膜中的电化学行为是受扩散控制的.测得扩散系数的数量级为10~(-10)cm~2/s.所制得的蒙脱土/SnO_2/染料化学修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电化学氧化显示电催化作用,使它的氧化电位降低了100mV.     

Studies of Solar Vector Magnetic Field

In this article,we report a few advances in the studies based on the solar vector magnetic field observations which were carried out mainly with the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope at the Huairou Solar Observing Station in the 1990s.(1) We developed necessary methodology and concepts in vector magnetogram analysis(Wang et al.1996).For the first time,we proposed to use the photospheric free magnetic energy to quantify the major flare productivity of solar active regions(ARs),and it had been proved to be the best parameter in representing the major flare activity.(2) We revealed that there was always a dominant sense of magnetic shear in a given AR(Wang 1994),which was taken as the premise of the helicity calculation in ARs;we made the first quantitative estimation of magnetic helicity evolution in ARs(Wang 1996).(3) We identified the first group of evidence of magnetic reconnection in the lower solar atmosphere with vector magnetic field observations and proposed a two-step reconnection flare model to interpret the observed association of flux cancellation and flares(Wang and Shi 1993).Efforts to quantify the major flare productivity of super active regions with vector magnetic field observations have been also taken.     

环状日冕物质抛射事件的数值模拟

在对二维理想磁流体力学方程组采用多步隐格式进行数值处理后，利用长时间渐近方法计算得到了太阳风的盔状流动解。并以较切合实际的解作为背景初态，对盔状冕流底部磁通量喷发的大气响应进行了数值模拟。结果表明：在新的扰动磁场作用下，原冕流底部的物质将受到压缩并向上运动，形成高密度亮环结构，在环的下方出现低密度暗腔；在环的顶部向外运动过程的同时，其足部几乎保持不动。模拟结果再现了环状日冕物质抛射的主要观测特征。数值结果还表明了向外流动的太阳风，有助于环状高密度结构向行星际空间传播，并得到了与观测结果相近的环的运动速度。     

阳离子染料－蒙脱石化学修饰电极的电化学性质─—与Nafion膜化学修饰电极的比较

用蒙脱石与Ｎａｆｉｏｎ制备了阳离子染料中性红化学修饰电极（ＣＭＥ）．两种ＣＭＥ在支持电解质溶液中有相似的循环伏安行为．蒙脱石ＣＭＥ的峰电流随膜厚增加而增加，而ＮａｆｉｏｎＣＭＥ的峰电流随膜厚增加有所降低．阳离子染料在蒙脱石膜内的扩散系数比在Ｎａｆｉｏｎ膜中的扩散系数大一个数量级．阴离子电活性物以及不同的制备方法对两种ＣＭＥ的电化学响应有不同的影响．两种ＣＭＥ在性质上的差异反映了两种膜的微结构与通透性等方面的差别．蒙脱石用作制备化学修饰电极的表面层材料有一定吸引力．     

Equatorial aurora: the aurora-like airglow in the negative magnetic anomaly

The most fantastic optical phenomena in the Earth''s upper atmosphere are the auroras. They are highly informative indicators of solar activity, geomagnetic activity, upper atmospheric structures and dynamics, and magnetospheric energetic particles. An area where the geomagnetic field differs significantly from the expected symmetric dipole, such as at the South Atlantic Anomaly, where the magnetic field intensity is low, gives rise to stronger precipitation of energetic particles into the upper atmosphere. Impact excitation and the subsequent airglow emissions exhibit aurora-like dynamic signatures. Nomenclatures of nonpolar aurora or equatorial auroras are similar to those used with the polar auroras owing to their similar excitation mechanisms. This paper provides an overview of the knowledge and the challenges concerning auroral activity at the South Atlantic Anomaly, or more generally, at the negative magnetic anomaly. We emphasize systematic investigation of the equatorial auroras to reveal the temporal and spatial evolution of the magnetic anomaly and the behaviour of energetic particles in near-Earth space.     

Magnetic fields in the sun

The observed properties of solar magnetic fields are reviewed, with particular reference to the complexities imposed on the field by motions of the highly conducting gas. Turbulent interactions between gas and field lead to heating or cooling of the gas according as the field energy density is less or greater than the maximum kinetic energy density in the convection zone. The field strength above which cooling sets in is 700 G.A weak solar dipole field may be primeval, but dynamo action is also important in generating new flux. The dynamo is probably not confined to the convection zone, but extends throughout most of the volume of the sun. Planetary tides appear to play a role in driving the dynamo.     

Huairou Solar Observing Station

The Huairou Solar Observing Station(HSOS) is an important national observing station under the National Astronomical Observatories of the CAS(NAOC). Its main task is to observe and study solar magnetic and velocity fields.The station was established on the     

浅议制约学生思维能力发展的障碍

教育要培养的是具有良好思维能力的人才．而现阶段的教育以及人的心理特点导致了有诸多制约学生思维能力发展的障碍。本文就几点主要的障碍进行了分析。     

保险信息不对称及其应对策略

保险信息不对称是保险活动中无法避免的现象，其产生的主要弊端使保险需求得不到满足，严重影响了保险业的发展。依据信息不对称理论，本文提出了如何降低保险信息不对称的主要应对策略。     

太阳能电池领域关键技术分析及潜在技术探测

当今,太阳能电池成为全球能源可持续发展的重要内容。本文以太阳领域的5个代表性期刊中2001-2014年公开发表的文献为研究对象,利用信息可视化方法,探测了太阳能电池领域近十年发展历程中关键技术和潜在技术,研究得出当前太阳能电池领域研究主要集中在光电转换材料、电池片制造加工以及可靠性3个方面;不同代际的太阳能电池处于不同的技术生命周期阶段;潜在关键技术主要包括:基于材料吸光度的多层结构设计,薄膜电池片规模化制造技术,聚合物太阳能电池的维护与延寿。     

三江源移民安置区居民对太阳能资源的认知、使用意愿及其影响因素研究

目前,三江源移民安置区居民利用的能源主要是各种生物质能源、化石燃料和二次能源电能等,这些能源在生产和利用过程中对环境造成不同程度的污染和破坏。为缓解环境问题,近些年国家在太阳能资源丰富的三江源地区实施民用太阳能能源开发利用工程。民用太阳能的开发和普及受当地居民对太阳能资源的认知水平的影响。本研究采用个人问卷调查方法,揭示三江源移民安置居民对太阳能资源认知的现状,剖析影响居民太阳能认知水平的主要因素,并评价居民对太阳能使用意愿。研究结果显示:三江源移民安置区居民基本对太阳能资源开发利用有不同程度了解,但认知时间短、水平低;性别、受教育程度和信息渠道等因素对居民的太阳能认知水平影响极显著;安置区居民对太阳能资源开发利用整体上呈乐观态度,但经济成本和居民知识水平是影响太阳能开发利用推广的重要障碍。     

基于情报决策者非理性决策的情报失察研究

在考察约维茨"情报——决策"模型基础上,认为情报失察很大程度上是情报决策者对正确情报的非理性决策所致,且具有一定的不可避免性。并指出认知偏差与认知一致性倾向是导致情报失察的两个重要原因,进而阐述情报决策者心理因素对情报失察的影响,以期在今后的情报决策过程中为情报失察的克减提供必要的理论依据。     

东北农村太阳能生态家园设计与研究

针对东北地区的气候特点和农村的自然条件,利用太阳能空气集热器对太阳能农宅和太阳能温室进行采暖,形成集太阳能房、浴室、厕所、猪舍、蔬菜养殖、沼气于一体的生态家园。通过试点工程表明,太阳能生态家园大大降低了寒冷地区农村冬季采暖能耗,使可再生能源得到综合利用,达到了节能、环保、循环经济的目的。     

传承与超越--试析《骆驼祥子》中的两性关系

文学世界和现实世界一样,到处是男人和女人相处、相碰的关系。男女两性关系是历代文学作品不可回避的主题。在我国,由于封建文化传统源远流长,男性一直处于话语权力的中心。本文从对《骆驼祥子》的男女两性关系的分析中,既看到了女性对传统文化的超越,对男性中心地位的颠覆,也看到了女性对传统文化的传承。