武术套路运动对女大学生骨密度和基本体质指标的影响

目的：探讨武术套路运动对普通女大学生骨密度和基本体质指标的影响，并分析其原因。方法：以成都体育学院健康女大学生20名作为研究对象，测量运动组（武术系武术套路学生）和对照组（外语系较少参加运动学生）的骨密度和体重、瘦体重、体重指数等基本体质指标，并将结果进行分析比较。结果：与对照组相比，运动组的超声衰减、超声声速和骨强度指数均较高，并具有非常显著性的差异；运动组的各项体质指标值均高于对照组，其中体重指数的差异具有非常显著性水平。     

黑龙江省不同运动训练水平大学生身体成分和骨密度的比较研究

采用文献资料法、实验测试法和数理统计法,对黑龙江省普通本科院校与体育院校大学生的身体成分和骨密度进行测试,以期找到某种规律,为科学健身、合理的饮食生活规律提供理论指导,充实大学生身体成分和骨密度的实验研究。结果显示,体育运动降低体脂含量（P〈0.05）,增加瘦体重、肌肉和蛋白质含量（P〈0.05）,中等强度的运动提高骨密度（P〈0.05）,且不同训练水平之间存在明显差异,这种差异主要与课程设置、运动训练内容以及生活方式等因素有关,指出适当的运动可以有效的改善身体成分和骨密度,而运动强度过大反而会降低骨密度的含量。     

哈尔滨体育学院健美操专项大学生体质和身体成分变化过程研究

采用文献资料法、测试法和数理统计法,对哈尔滨体育学院健美操专项大学生的体质和身体成分进行监测与评价,旨在了解健美操专项大学生体质和身体成分的变化趋势,为促进学生体质健康发展提供参考。结果显示,健美操专项大学生在四年间,身体形态中身高、体重和体重指数（BMI）变化不大,身体机能中的肺活量和台阶试验指数显著增加（P〈0．05）,身体素质中的立定跳远以及男生的握力和女生的柔韧性显著提高（P〈0．05）;身体成分中只有男生的体脂重量、体脂百分比、内脏脂肪面积和腰臀比指标都显著下降（P〈0．05）,其余指标变化不显著。说明健美操运动训练可改善大学生的身体成分,减少脂肪含量,增加肌肉重量,从而增强呼吸和心血管系统机能,提高肌肉力量素质和柔韧素质。     

成年人身体成分与跟骨骨密度相关性探讨

目的:探讨年龄、性别、身体成分(体脂肪率,瘦体重、BMI、四肢及躯干肌肉量)对跟骨骨密度的影响,为今后骨质疏松症的防治提供一定的理论帮助.方法:随机抽取581例济南市普通市民,进行跟骨骨密度和身体成分的测试.计算和比较骨密度测试结果及其与身体成分的相关性.结果:随着年龄的增长,骨密度T值呈下降趋势,男女峰值均出现在25～29岁;各个年龄段女性骨密度T值均大于男性,差异均具显著性(p<0.01);男性和女性骨密度T值与全身非脂肪量、右腿推定肌肉量相关系数分别为0.074、0.069和0.111、0.154.结论与建议:跟骨骨密度T值有明显的年龄变化趋势和性别差异,这种性别差异可能是由男女之间不同的生活方式造成的:骨密度T值与非脂肪量和右腿推定肌肉量表现出了数据关联性,且女性相关系数大于男性,初步认为增加全身瘦体重特别是增加右下肢肌肉重量有利于骨质疏松症的预防,且对于女性来说意义更大.     

有氧运动对女大学生身体形态和体脂的影响

本文以温州大学经常参加有氧锻炼的100名女大学生为实验组,同一年龄段无锻炼基础的100名女大学生为对照组,研究不同锻炼方式对女大学生身体形态、体脂的影响。结果显示：经常参加有氧锻炼的女大学生,在身体形态上发生变化,胸围增大、腰臀比缩小;瘦体重增加,体重指数（BMI）和体脂%明显小于对照组。表明经常参加有氧锻炼,有助于改善女大学生的身体形态和体脂成分,塑造更加完美的身材。     

身高标准体重指标与大学生身体成分的关系

为探讨身高标准体重指标与身体成分的关系，以220名普通大学生（男女各110名）为实验对象，通过测量其身高、体重与身体成分，结果发现身高标准体重指标与身体成分之间相关性极低（P〉0．05），而体重指数（BMI）、体脂百分比和腰臀比（WHR）与身体成分有高度相关性（P〈0．01）。结论：（1）《大学生体质健康标准》中身高标准体重指标不能客观有效地评价身体成分；（2）建议在《大学生体质健康标准》中，评价身体成分的指标宜选体脂百分比、BMI和WHR，首选为体脂百分比。     

体育舞蹈对女大学生身体形态、素质、生理机能的影响

为探讨体育舞蹈对女大学生身体形态、素质和生理机能的影响，随机抽取广西师范大学等3所高校共60名女生进行20周的体育舞蹈锻炼，对锻炼前后身体形态、素质和生理机能等一系列指标进行对比分析。结果显示：长期的体育舞蹈锻炼能使受试者的胸围、腰围、大腿围有明显下降（P〈0．05），立定跳远、坐位体前屈、台阶指数、单足支撑（s）明显提高（P〈0．01），晨脉、动脉血压明显下降（P〈0．05）；肺活量、VO2max明显提高（P〈0．01）。结论：长期的体育舞蹈锻炼能有效改善女大学生的身体形态，明显增强呼吸系统、心肺功能，并显著提高女大学生的耐力素质、柔韧素质及平衡能力。     

健美操运动对女大学生体质健康状况的影响

通过对普通女大学生参与健美操课程学习一学期前后各指标的测试变化结果，分析健美操运动对女大学生体质健康状况的影’响情况。结果表明：经过健美操运动锻炼，健美操选项班学生身体成分BMI、WHR、％BF等指标均未有显著性变化；身体机能水平有较明显的改善；身体素质水平提高较显著。     

橄榄球运动对骨密度的影响

目的：探讨橄榄球运动训练对男大学生跟骨骨密度（BMD）的影响及其意义。方法：采用Osteospace定量超声骨密度仪，对长期从事橄榄球专项训练的男大学生11名（运动组），沈阳体育学院体育教育系的11名同龄男大学生（运动对照组）和沈阳体育学院非体育专业的10名学生（一般对照组）进行定量超声骨密度测试，测试部位为右脚跟骨。结果：运动组的BUA与运动对照组相比没有显著性差异（p=0．540），与一般对照组相比具有非常显著性差异（p=0．004，p〈0．01）；运动组的STI与运动对照组相比无显著性差异（p=0．099），与一般对照组相比差异显著（p=0．031，p〈0．05）；运动对照组的BUA、STI与一般对照组相比均无显著差异（p=0．135；p=0．997）。结论：橄榄球运动能提高骨密度，增加骨量；高力量性训练、高冲击性运动对骨密度具有良好的影响。     

长期体育锻炼对中青年女性骨质状况及身体成分影响

目的：本研究通过对比研究长期参加体育锻炼与久坐中青年士性的身体成分和量质状况,探究体育锻炼对于改善中青年女性身体成分和量质状况的作用。方法：本研究将34名受试者分为两组,一组为体育锻炼组（exercise group,EG,17人）,另一组为久坐组（sedentary group ,5G,17人）。分别测试两组受试者身体成分和骨密度指标。结果：EG教师体内水分含量、肌肉含量、蚕白质、无机盐、体脂肪、体脂百分比和骨密度指标明卫好高于SG（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。两组教师身体质量参文和腰臀比无显著差别（P〉0．05）。结论：EG的身体成分和骨密度指标明量好于SG,提示中青年女性可通过规律性的运动,来最防肥胖、骨质疏松等疾病,从而达到改善体质水平。     

体育院校冰上运动对男大学生身体成分和骨密度的影响

为探讨冰上运动项目对男大学生身体成分和骨密度的影响,采用韩国ZEUS9.9身体成分分析仪和法国Osteospace MEDI LINK超声骨量测量仪,分别对体育院校2010～2012级冰上运动专项的男大学生和没有运动专项的男大学生进行身体成分和骨密度的测量,并对实验数据进行统计学的分析与比较。结果显示,冰上运动专项男大学生左右腿肌肉含量、基础代谢率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,骨密度显著低于对照组大学生（P＜0.05）,这可能与调查对象的生活方式、饮食习惯、训练年限、运动水平以及冰上运动项目的教学内容有关。建议冰上运动专项男大学生改变不良生活方式、均衡饮食,适当调整运动训练方案,加强下肢的力量训练,提高运动成绩。     

长期排球训练对男大学生身体不同部位骨密度的影响

观察长期从事排球运动对身体不同部位骨密度和骨代谢相关生化指标的变化。方法:选择训练年限在5年以上排球运动员和本科大学生同龄男性志愿者各15名,分为训练组和非训练组。分别采用骨密度测定仪和血清放射免疫法测定受试者腰椎、股骨颈、股骨Ward区、双侧前臂的骨密度以及血清睾酮(T)、皮质醇(COR)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、骨钙素(BGP)的变化。结果:训练组腰椎(L2-L4)、右前臂和髋关节区骨密度峰值明显增加,与非训练组相比较有显著性差异。静息状态下两组血清T、COR、PTH、BGP无明显差异,无统计学意义。结论:长期从事排球运动能有效地增加身体骨密度,但安静状态下对血清睾酮、皮质醇、甲状旁腺素、骨钙素无明显影响。     

Bone mineral density and body composition in elite female golf and netball players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare bone density and body composition measurements in women participating in elite-level netball and golf, two sports with contrasting loading characteristics. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 14 state-level netball players (20.8±3.4 years), 11 single-digit handicap golf players (22.4±2.1 years) and a control group (n=18) not training for sport (22.6±3.6 years). Trunk extensor endurance and grip strength were also measured using the Sorensen test and hand-grip dynamometry respectively. Netball players had significantly higher total body, lumbar spine and hip BMD than the golf players (P<0.001) and control subjects (P<0.001). The golf players had higher BMD than the control subjects only in the lumbar spine (P<0.05). The netball players were significantly taller than the golf players and control group (P<0.01) and had a higher body mass than the control group (P<0.001). After adjustment for body height and mass, the BMD values in the netball players remained significantly higher than the control subjects at all sites (P<0.01), while the golf players had significantly higher lumbar spine BMD than the controls (P<0.05). Elite-level netball participation is associated with increased total body, hip and lumbar spine BMD, while this response was only evident in the lumbar spine in elite golf players. The contrasting loading characteristics of these sports may be reflected in the site-specific differences in BMD when compared to non-athletic control subjects.     

Influence of different sports on bone mass in growing girls

The aim of this study was to analyse whether there are differences in bone mass in girls playing different sports. Two hundred girls (10.6 ± 1.5 years old, Tanner stages I–III) participated in the study and were divided into groups of 40 (swimmers, soccer players, basketball players, handball players and controls). Bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD) (whole body and hip) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The degree of sexual development was determined using Tanner test, and physical activity habits were recorded through a questionnaire designed ad hoc for this research. Girls were divided by pubertal stage and the type of sport. In the prepubertal group, intertrochanteric BMD was significantly higher in both handball and soccer players compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in the pubertal group, total BMD, mean arms BMD, pelvis BMD, femoral neck BMD, intertrochanteric BMD and Ward’s triangle BMD were significantly higher in soccer and handball players compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and the swimmers showed significantly higher values in the mean arms BMD compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Our data suggest that sport practice during puberty, especially in activities that support the body weight, may be an important factor in achieving a high peak bone mass and improving bone health in girls.     

交谊舞太极拳慢跑运动对40-65岁女性超声骨密度及身体成份的影响

对62名40-65岁女性进行测试，探索长期运动对中老年女性跟骨骨密度及身体成份的影响。结果：在未绝经组和已绝经组中，运动组跟骨STI均高于各自对照组（p〈0．05）；运动组体成份指标LBM、SLM与对照组之间无差异（p〉0．05）；运动组PBF和WHR与对照组差异显著（p〈0．05）。可见，长期适宜的运动对提高中老年女性跟骨STI，控制身体成份具有一定的效果．     

Does oligomenorrhoea/amenorrhoea and underweight imply athlete triad syndrome in young female dancers?

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) of young dancers suspected of suffering from the female athlete triad syndrome and eumenorrhoeic/normal weight dancers with eumenorrhoeic non-exercising controls. Full-time dance students from a collegiate academy of performing arts were recruited. The female athlete triad syndrome was suspected when oligo/amenorrhoea was present together with underweight (body mass index below 18.5 kg · m^?2). The non-exercising group consisted of eumenorrhoeic age-matched patients presenting to an adolescent gynaecology clinic. All participants had a full hormonal profile, pelvic ultrasound, bio-impedance estimation of body fat, together with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative peripheral computed tomography scans (pQCT) to determine bone mineral density. A total of 47 dancers aged 17–20 years were recruited, of whom 14 (29.7%) fell within the criteria for suspected female athlete triad syndrome. Comparing the dancers with suspected female athlete triad with 36 non-exercising controls showed no significant differences in BMD at most sites between the two groups. Comparing the normal dancers (n=33) with the same control group showed the dancers had significantly higher BMD at the hip sites (P<0.005), as well as higher core tibial volumetric BMD (P=0.04) than the controls. Young dancers with oligo/amenorrhoea and apparent under-nutrition that fitted the clinical diagnosis of female athlete triad syndrome did not have lower BMD than non-exercising eumenorrhoeic controls, while eumenorrhoeic dancers actually had higher BMD. In addition, no significant differences were seen between eumenorrhoeic dancers and those with suspected female athlete triad. The risk of osteoporosis was apparently offset by the benefits of regular intensive weight-bearing exercises in those participants with suspected female athlete triad.     

Bone mass in girls according to their BMI,VO2 max,hours and years of practice

The accumulation of bone mass during puberty is related with bone health in adulthood. This accumulation is influenced by diverse factors such as body mass index (BMI), maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max), hours of training and years of sport practice. For this reason, the objective of this study is to analyse the influence of these variables on bone mass in young female athletes. The sample is formed of 120 healthy girls with ages between 9 and 13 (11.32?±?1.6?years old), divided into two groups depending on their BMI, VO₂ max, hours of training and years of sport practice. The participants completed a series of tests to evaluate level of sexual development, body composition (fat mass, lean mass and bone mass) and physical condition. The results show higher values of total lean mass, total fat mass and percentage of body fat in the groups with higher BMI in prepubertal girls and pubertal girls (p?2 max, in the prepubertal group, girls with lower VO₂ max had higher values of total fat mass (p?p?2 max also showed a higher total fat mass (p?相似文献   

Bone mineral density in top level male athletes of different sports

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of muscle strength, trainingspecific and anthropometric parameters on bone mineral density (BMD) in male top athletes of different sports in comparison to untrained controls. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 173 males, aged 18 to 31 years. Of these, 104 were athletes (runners, n = 21; cyclists, n = 12; triathletes, n = 18), heavy athletes (HA, judo and wrestling, n = 28), and team sport athletes (TS, handball, soccer, basketball, volleyball, n = 25); 44 were unspecifically trained sport students (STU); and 25 were untrained controls (UT). Sport- and group-specific differences were found in anthropometric but not strength parameters. Marked sport- and group-specific differences were found for BMD at lumbar spine (LSP) and the femoral sites (FEM). Group-specific effects on BMD were clearest when calculating percentual differences between BMD of athletes and UT: In group I (HA, TS, and STU), BMD at LSP and FEM were significantly (p < .01) higher compared to UT; in group II (R and TRI), BMD at FEM but not at LSP was higher compared to UT (p <.01); and in group III (C), no BMD value was significantly different from UT. Multiple regression analysis revealed lean body mass to be the strongest predictor for BMD at LSP and FEM. We conclude that mechanical loads have strong effects on bone adaptation. Sport-specific and body region-specific effects have to be taken into account for evaluation of osteogenic effects of exercise. Particularly dynamic sports with short, high, and multidimensional loads have the strongest effects on bone formation, independent of training quantity.     

运动对青年女性跟骨骨密度及性激素的影响

对60名武汉体育学院健康女性研究生进行了测试,探索运动对青年女性跟骨骨密度及性激素的影响。结果发现:体育专业组的女生跟骨BUA、SOS、STI等指标均高于体育锻炼组,RRF低于体育锻炼组;体育锻炼组的BUA、SOS、STI等指标均高于对照组,而RRF低于对照组。体育专业组E2显著高于对照组,体育锻炼组E2与对照组之间无显著差异;3组之间的t值没有显著性差异。可见,长期适宜的运动对提高青年女性跟骨的BUA、SOS、STI,降低RRF都具有显著性影响。E2、T对女性跟骨骨密度具有影响趋势,但都没有统计学意义。     

运动对中等职业学校学生骨密度的影响

采用文献法资料法和实验法调查119名中等职业学校学生（以下简称中职生）（16～18岁）的骨密度（bone mineral density，BMD）和参加运动的情况。结果显示男性运动组与不运动组BMD值有显著差异性。女性中职生运动组有使骨密度增加的趋势。运动时间长、运动频率高的组别BMD也高。男性每日运动时间大于1h组与小于1h组的BMD值具有显著性差异。结论：运动对BMD有积极影响，运动频率大于3次／周及每日运动时间超过1h对BMD的影响最为明显。