丙种球蛋白与甲基强的松龙联合短程治疗吉兰-巴雷综合征疗效分析

目的 观察丙种球蛋白与甲基强的松龙联合短程治疗吉兰-巴雷综合征的临床疗效.方法 应用丙种球蛋白与甲基强的松龙联合短程治疗吉兰-巴雷综合征患者25例,与25例常规应用糖皮质激素治疗的患者进行比较.结果 治疗组神经功能迅速恢复,疗效明显优于对照组,2组结果统计有统计学意义.结论 丙种球蛋白与甲基强的松龙联合短程治疗吉兰-巴雷综合征安全有效.     

吉兰-巴雷综合征106例临床分析

目的通过对吉兰-巴雷综合征的临床特点和治疗效果进行分析,探讨吉兰-巴雷综合征的治疗方法及预后。方法对我院收治的106例吉兰-巴雷患者的临床资料进行系统性回顾分析,并将所有患者分为丙种球蛋白治疗组、丙种球蛋白加激素治疗组和丙种球蛋白加七叶皂甙钠治疗组,观察各组治疗疗效。结果各组均对吉兰-巴雷综合征有治疗效果,其中丙种球蛋白组中治愈率为:轻型46.15%,中型54.55%,重型33.33%,极重型0。丙种球蛋白加激素治疗组治愈率为:轻型50.00%,中型70.00%,重型44.44%,极重型25.00%。丙种球蛋白加七叶皂苷钠组治愈率为,轻型58.33%;中型70.00%;重型50.00%;极重型25.00%。结论丙种球蛋白治疗吉兰-巴雷综合征效果确切,联合激素治疗及联合七叶皂苷钠效果较单独应用丙种球蛋白效果更佳。     

吉兰-巴雷综合征30例临床分析

目的分析吉兰-巴雷综合征的临床特点。方法回顾性分析我院收治的30例吉兰-巴雷综合征住院患者的临床资料、实验室检验结果、治疗及预后。结果吉兰-巴雷综合征患者男性多发,且随年龄增长发病率升高;起病前有呼吸道或消化道感染史9例,脑脊液实验室检查正常7例,症状不典型误诊3例,肌电图检查阳性率100%;丙种球蛋白治疗有效率80%(20/25);肢体无力严重、合并呼吸肌麻痹以及治疗延后的患者疗效不佳占50%(7/14)。结论不典型症状起病的吉兰-巴雷患者易误诊,丙球治疗疗效好但需及时,肌无力重、合并呼吸肌麻痹患者预后差。     

激素联合丙种球蛋白治疗吉兰-巴雷综合征的效果观察

目的探讨激素联合丙种球蛋白治疗吉兰-巴雷综合征的临床效果。方法选取我院神经内科收治的100例吉兰-巴雷综合征患者为研究对象,对照组采用甲基强的松龙治疗,实验组采用甲基强的松龙联合丙种球蛋白治疗。结果实验组总有效率明显高于对照组,起效时间和住院时间明显少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用甲基强的松龙联合丙种球蛋白治疗吉兰-巴雷综合征疗效较好,起效时间短,有效缩短了患者住院时间,患者及家属较满意,值得临床广泛应用。     

IVIG治疗重症吉兰-巴雷综合征的临床观察

目的观察免疫球蛋白对重症吉兰-巴雷综合征的治疗效果。方法对21例重症吉兰-巴雷综合征患者予以静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG),观察治疗前后神经功能改善情况,检测治疗前后脑脊液免疫系列、补体系列。结果16例痊愈,3例好转,2例无效。患者脑脊液中免疫球蛋白、补体经治疗后明显下降。结论IVIG治疗重症吉兰-巴雷综合征是较为有效的方法,可能与抑制了机体免疫反应有关。     

咽-颈-臂变异型吉兰-巴雷综合征1例报道及文献复习

目的探讨咽-颈-臂(pharyngeal-cervical-brachial,PCB)变异型吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)的临床特点和诊断。方法分析我院收入1例PCB变异型GBS患者的临床表现、辅助检查结果和临床治疗效果。结果 PCB变异型GBS临床表现口咽肌、颈部、肩部、双上肢无力,双下肢不受累或轻度受累。本例患者腰穿提示明显蛋白-细胞分离,给予静滴免疫球蛋白和甲强龙冲击治疗后症状明显好转。结论 PCB是GBS少见的变异型,极易出现误诊或漏诊,临床表现为咽-颈-臂肌无力,而下肢不受累或轻度受累的患者,应考虑PCB的可能,可结合脑脊液、电生理检查及早作出诊断和治疗。     

大剂量免疫球蛋白治疗多发性硬化急性期的疗效观察

目的比较大剂量丙种球蛋白和甲基泼尼松龙静脉治疗多发性硬化(MS)患者急性期的临床疗效。方法将临床确诊的40例复发-缓解型MS(relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis,RRMS)急性期患者随机分为丙种球蛋白治疗组(n=20)和甲基泼尼松龙治疗组(n=20),观察两组治疗前后EDSS评分、平均住院时间及复发情况。结果丙种球蛋白治疗组治疗第7天的残疾状态扩展评分(extended disability status scale,EDSS)评分、平均住院天数、复发率分别为(3.1±1.1)分、(20.1±9.6)d、10.0%,均明显优于甲基泼尼松龙治疗组[分别为(4.4±1.9)分、(31.6±17.2)d、30%](均P<0.05)。结论急性期MS患者静脉点滴大剂量免疫球蛋白和甲基泼尼松龙均可明显改善临床症状,减少住院时间,降低复发率。其中丙种球蛋白的疗效更明显,可作为急性发作期MS患者的首选免疫治疗方法。     

免疫吸附治疗急性吉兰巴雷综合征

目的观察免疫吸附对急性吉兰巴雷综合征的治疗效果.方法对56例急性吉兰巴雷综合征患者分别进行免疫吸附(Immunoadsorption,IA)治疗及常规治疗,治疗前后观察神经功能改善状况,检测治疗前后血液中免疫系列、补体系列及总蛋白.结果 IA组1月后MRC评分与常规治疗组相比有显著性差异,在半年后Hughes评分两组间的差异有显著意义,治疗后血液中的免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA及补体C3水平明显低于常规治疗组,总蛋白无明显变化.结论 IA是治疗急性吉兰巴雷综合征较为有效的方法,可明显地改善神经功能缺损状况,这可能与降低血液中免疫球蛋白及补体有关.     

大剂量足量丙球蛋白联合鼠神经生长因子治疗急性吉兰-巴雷综合征疗效分析

目的观察大剂量丙种球蛋白联合鼠神经神经因子治疗急性吉兰-巴雷综合征的临床效果。方法选取我院2012-12—2014-12收治的80例急性吉兰-巴雷综合征患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组各40例。对照组仅接受鼠神经生长因子治疗方案,观察组则在对照组基础上加用大剂量丙种球蛋白方案,比较2组临床治疗效果,观察治疗前后2组肢体功能评分的改善情况,统计2组临床症状恢复时间。结果观察组治疗有效率95.00%,对照组为72.50%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,观察组Hughes评分降低至(1.45±0.83)分,呼吸肌麻痹、四肢肌力、肌张力、腱反射及感觉障碍恢复时间分别为(3.82±1.21)d、(7.01±2.07)d、(5.98±2.02)d、(7.48±2.37)d、(7.09±1.43)d,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用大剂量丙种球蛋白联合鼠神经生长因子方案急性吉兰-巴雷综合征治疗,临床有效率高,患者肢体功能改善明显,值得推广。     

吉兰-巴雷综合征134例临床特点及疗效分析

目的 探讨我国农村地区吉兰-巴雷综合征的临床特点及治疗对策.方法 对本院10年来收治的134例确诊为吉兰-巴雷综合征患者的一般资料、前驱感染、临床症状、体征、实验室检查及治疗、预后进行总结.结果 以腹泻为前驱感染者临床症状较重,大剂量丙种球蛋白疗效确切.结论 以腹泻为前驱感染患者临床症状较重,多合并轴突损伤.大剂量丙种球蛋白疗效确切,可作为重型患者首选.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men

The overall aim of this study was to assess the effects of aging on the satellite cell population. Muscle biopsies were taken from the tibialis anterior muscle of healthy, moderately active young (age range, 20-32 years; n = 31) and elderly (age range, 70-83 years; n = 27) women and men with comparable physical activity pattern. Satellite cells and myonuclei were visualized using a monoclonal antibody against neural cell adhesion molecule and counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. An average of 211 (range, 192-241) muscle fibers were examined for each individual. Compared with the young women and men, the elderly subjects had a significantly lower (P < 0.011) number of satellite cells per muscle fiber but a significantly higher (P < 0.004) number of myonuclei per muscle fiber. The number of satellite cells relative to the total number of nuclei [satellite cells/(myonuclei + satellite cells)] was significantly lower in the elderly than in the young women and men. These results imply that a reduction in the satellite cell population occurs as a result of increasing age in healthy men and women.     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.     

Learning and forgetting new names and objects in MCI and AD

We studied how subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched controls learned and maintained the names of unfamiliar objects that were trained with or without semantic support (object definitions). Naming performance, phonological cueing, incidental learning of the definitions and recognition of the objects were tested during follow-up. We found that word learning was significantly impaired in MCI and AD patients, whereas forgetting patterns were similar across groups. Semantic support showed a beneficial effect on object name retrieval in the MCI group 8 weeks after training, suggesting that the MCI patients’ preserved semantic memory can compensate for impaired episodic memory. The MCI group performed equally well as the controls in the tasks measuring incidental learning and recognition memory, whereas the AD group showed impairment in this respect. Both the MCI and the AD group benefited less from phonological cueing than the controls. Our findings indicate that word learning is compromised in both MCI and AD, whereas long-term retention of newly learned words is not affected to the same extent. Incidental learning and recognition memory seem to be well preserved in MCI.     

Oxytocin and vasopressin agonists and antagonists as research tools and potential therapeutics

We recently reviewed the status of peptide and nonpeptide agonists and antagonists for the V(1a), V(1b) and V(2) receptors for arginine vasopressin (AVP) and the oxytocin receptor for oxytocin (OT). In the present review, we update the status of peptides and nonpeptides as: (i) research tools and (ii) therapeutic agents. We also present our recent findings on the design of fluorescent ligands for V(1b) receptor localisation and for OT receptor dimerisation. We note the exciting discoveries regarding two novel naturally occurring analogues of OT. Recent reports of a selective VP V(1a) agonist and a selective OT agonist point to the continued therapeutic potential of peptides in this field. To date, only two nonpeptides, the V(2) /V(1a) antagonist, conivaptan and the V(2) antagonist tolvaptan have received Food and Drug Administration approval for clinical use. The development of nonpeptide AVP V(1a), V(1b) and V(2) antagonists and OT agonists and antagonists has recently been abandoned by Merck, Sanofi and Pfizer. A promising OT antagonist, Retosiban, developed at Glaxo SmithKline is currently in a Phase II clinical trial for the prevention of premature labour. A number of the nonpeptide ligands that were not successful in clinical trials are proving to be valuable as research tools. Peptide agonists and antagonists continue to be very widely used as research tools in this field. In this regard, we present receptor data on some of the most widely used peptide and nonpeptide ligands, as a guide for their use, especially with regard to receptor selectivity and species differences.     

Retrospective and prospective design and data

The study of the presentation, symptomatology and family characteristics of an exclusively adolescent sample of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) was undertaken. Twenty-four cases of borderline personality disorder, 20 females, 4 males, identified using chart review and meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) and DSM III-R, were matched with psychiatric controls. Adolescents with borderline personality disorder were found to have high rates of affective symptomatology with Axis I diagnosis of major depressive disorder - MDD (DSM-III-R), and high rates of interpersonal psychopathology, i.e., manipulation, devaluation, and a pervasive sense of boredom. The latter seem to be characteristic as for adults with borderline personality disorder. The families were particularly angry and volatile.     

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统 ,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达 ,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关。近年的研究表明 ,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白 ,能与多种因子如SV4 0大T抗原 ,腺病毒E1A ,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p5 3等结合 ,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb。necdin基因缺陷时 ,会引起脑内 ,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍。人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区 ,可能与PWS的一些症状有关。本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况 ,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述     

Cortisol levels and depression in men and women using heroin and cocaine

Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are well documented in men using illicit drugs and/or infected with HIV; however, less is known about HPA function, or the health consequence of HPA dysfunction, in their female counterparts. People with depression exhibit hypercortisolemia, and depression is common in people with HIV or substance use problems. The current study investigated cortisol secretion in 209 demographically matched men and women, stratified by their HIV and drug use status. Self-reported depressive symptoms were evaluated using a standardized, validated questionnaire (CES-D). Women reported more depressive symptoms than men (p=.01). Male and female drug users exhibited higher cortisol concentrations (p=.03), and were more likely to report depressive symptoms (p=.04), than non-users. Depression was related to elevated cortisol concentrations for the study population (p=.03), and women with elevated cortisol concentrations were significantly more depressed than all other participants (p=.05). While it is unknown whether high cortisol concentrations precede depressive symptoms or vice versa, these data indicate that higher cortisol concentrations are associated with depressive symptoms in heroin and cocaine users, and that this association is more pronounced in women than men. HIV status did not act in an additive or synergistic way with drug use for either cortisol or CES-D measures in the current study. Unique therapies to treat the endocrine and mental health consequences of illicit drug use in men and women deserve consideration as depressive symptoms, and high cortisol concentrations associated with depressive symptoms, differ by gender.     

Family Characteristics and Behavior Problems of Suicidal and Non-Suicidal Children and Adolescents

The present study examined familial and individual variables in youngsters at high risk for suicide and non-suicidal youngsters. One hundred inpatient children and adolescents completed a battery of questionnaires including, FACES II, Family Strengths, and Problem Behavior Scales, to assess family dysfunction and individual behavior problems. The results indicated that suicidal youngsters have lower pride in their families and perceived them as less adaptable than non-suicidal youngsters as indicated by scores on the Family Strengths and FACES II, respectively. Scores on the Problem Behavior Scales indicated that suicidal youngsters also exhibited self-inflicted behaviors, withdrawal from others, little interest in activities, poor concentration, and difficulties with sleeping. In addition, youths at risk for suicide were more likely to be diagnosed with a mood disorder, including major depressive disorder and dysthymia, as well as substance abuse and phobias. These findings suggest that suicidal youngsters' negative perceptions of their families and their maladaptive behaviors should be given special attention in designing appropriate interventions. In this way, treatment would likely be effective by providing appropriate coping skills and preventing future suicidal attempts in high risk youngsters.     

相关性和一致性：这对相仿概念和测量方法的回顾与阐明

概述：一致性(agreement)和相关性(correlation)是两个广泛使用的概念,用来评估变量之间的关联。虽然二者相似且相关,但是它们代表关联完全不同的概念。评估变量之间的一致性假设变量测量的是相同的结构,而在变量测量完全不同的结构时也可以评估它们之间的相关性。这种概念上的差异就要求使用不同的统计方法,并且当评估一致性或相关性时,统计方法根据数据的分布和研究者的兴趣可能会有所不同。例如, Pearson相关性,作为评估连续变量之间相关性的一种普遍测量方法,只有用于符合线性关系的变量时才能提供有用的信息;当用于不符合线性关系的变量时就无法提供准确信息甚至会产生误导。同样地,内部相关性,作为一种评估连续变量之间一致性的常用方法,如果一致性不好的实质正好是研究兴趣所在,那么该测量就不能为研究者提供充分的信息。本报告回顾了一致性和相关性的概念,并讨论了几种常用方法在应用中的差异。