重型颅脑损伤患者亚低温治疗的临床研究

Objective To compare the prognoses of patients with severe brain injury receiving mild hypothermia and normothermia interventions and evaluate the brain protective effect of mild hypothermia. Methods Seventy-six patients with severe head injury (Glaseow Coma Score≤8) were divided into mild hypothermia group (36 cases) and normothermia group (40 cases). The patients in the normothermia group were managed with measures for reducing the intracranial pressure and controlling the hemorrhage and gastric acid, with also administration of neurotrophic treatment and nutritional support. In addition to these conventional interventions, the patients in mild hypothermia group received mild hypothermia treatment administered using a water blanket to reduce the core body temperature and brain temperature to 32-34℃, which was maintained for 3-14 days as needed. Results The patients receiving mild hypothermia therapy had significantly improved prognosis in comparison with those in normothermia group (P<0.05). Conclusion Mild hypothermia treatment has brain protective effect and improves the prognosis of patients with severe brain injury.     

重型颅脑损伤患者亚低温治疗的临床研究

Objective To compare the prognoses of patients with severe brain injury receiving mild hypothermia and normothermia interventions and evaluate the brain protective effect of mild hypothermia. Methods Seventy-six patients with severe head injury (Glaseow Coma Score≤8) were divided into mild hypothermia group (36 cases) and normothermia group (40 cases). The patients in the normothermia group were managed with measures for reducing the intracranial pressure and controlling the hemorrhage and gastric acid, with also administration of neurotrophic treatment and nutritional support. In addition to these conventional interventions, the patients in mild hypothermia group received mild hypothermia treatment administered using a water blanket to reduce the core body temperature and brain temperature to 32-34℃, which was maintained for 3-14 days as needed. Results The patients receiving mild hypothermia therapy had significantly improved prognosis in comparison with those in normothermia group (P<0.05). Conclusion Mild hypothermia treatment has brain protective effect and improves the prognosis of patients with severe brain injury.     

重型颅脑损伤患者亚低温治疗的临床研究

Objective To compare the prognoses of patients with severe brain injury receiving mild hypothermia and normothermia interventions and evaluate the brain protective effect of mild hypothermia. Methods Seventy-six patients with severe head injury (Glaseow Coma Score≤8) were divided into mild hypothermia group (36 cases) and normothermia group (40 cases). The patients in the normothermia group were managed with measures for reducing the intracranial pressure and controlling the hemorrhage and gastric acid, with also administration of neurotrophic treatment and nutritional support. In addition to these conventional interventions, the patients in mild hypothermia group received mild hypothermia treatment administered using a water blanket to reduce the core body temperature and brain temperature to 32-34℃, which was maintained for 3-14 days as needed. Results The patients receiving mild hypothermia therapy had significantly improved prognosis in comparison with those in normothermia group (P<0.05). Conclusion Mild hypothermia treatment has brain protective effect and improves the prognosis of patients with severe brain injury.     

重型颅脑损伤患者亚低温治疗的临床研究

Objective To compare the prognoses of patients with severe brain injury receiving mild hypothermia and normothermia interventions and evaluate the brain protective effect of mild hypothermia. Methods Seventy-six patients with severe head injury (Glaseow Coma Score≤8) were divided into mild hypothermia group (36 cases) and normothermia group (40 cases). The patients in the normothermia group were managed with measures for reducing the intracranial pressure and controlling the hemorrhage and gastric acid, with also administration of neurotrophic treatment and nutritional support. In addition to these conventional interventions, the patients in mild hypothermia group received mild hypothermia treatment administered using a water blanket to reduce the core body temperature and brain temperature to 32-34℃, which was maintained for 3-14 days as needed. Results The patients receiving mild hypothermia therapy had significantly improved prognosis in comparison with those in normothermia group (P<0.05). Conclusion Mild hypothermia treatment has brain protective effect and improves the prognosis of patients with severe brain injury.     

重型颅脑损伤患者亚低温治疗的临床研究

Objective To compare the prognoses of patients with severe brain injury receiving mild hypothermia and normothermia interventions and evaluate the brain protective effect of mild hypothermia. Methods Seventy-six patients with severe head injury (Glaseow Coma Score≤8) were divided into mild hypothermia group (36 cases) and normothermia group (40 cases). The patients in the normothermia group were managed with measures for reducing the intracranial pressure and controlling the hemorrhage and gastric acid, with also administration of neurotrophic treatment and nutritional support. In addition to these conventional interventions, the patients in mild hypothermia group received mild hypothermia treatment administered using a water blanket to reduce the core body temperature and brain temperature to 32-34℃, which was maintained for 3-14 days as needed. Results The patients receiving mild hypothermia therapy had significantly improved prognosis in comparison with those in normothermia group (P<0.05). Conclusion Mild hypothermia treatment has brain protective effect and improves the prognosis of patients with severe brain injury.     

重型颅脑损伤患者亚低温治疗的临床研究

Objective To compare the prognoses of patients with severe brain injury receiving mild hypothermia and normothermia interventions and evaluate the brain protective effect of mild hypothermia. Methods Seventy-six patients with severe head injury (Glaseow Coma Score≤8) were divided into mild hypothermia group (36 cases) and normothermia group (40 cases). The patients in the normothermia group were managed with measures for reducing the intracranial pressure and controlling the hemorrhage and gastric acid, with also administration of neurotrophic treatment and nutritional support. In addition to these conventional interventions, the patients in mild hypothermia group received mild hypothermia treatment administered using a water blanket to reduce the core body temperature and brain temperature to 32-34℃, which was maintained for 3-14 days as needed. Results The patients receiving mild hypothermia therapy had significantly improved prognosis in comparison with those in normothermia group (P<0.05). Conclusion Mild hypothermia treatment has brain protective effect and improves the prognosis of patients with severe brain injury.     

重型颅脑损伤患者亚低温治疗的临床研究

Objective To compare the prognoses of patients with severe brain injury receiving mild hypothermia and normothermia interventions and evaluate the brain protective effect of mild hypothermia. Methods Seventy-six patients with severe head injury (Glaseow Coma Score≤8) were divided into mild hypothermia group (36 cases) and normothermia group (40 cases). The patients in the normothermia group were managed with measures for reducing the intracranial pressure and controlling the hemorrhage and gastric acid, with also administration of neurotrophic treatment and nutritional support. In addition to these conventional interventions, the patients in mild hypothermia group received mild hypothermia treatment administered using a water blanket to reduce the core body temperature and brain temperature to 32-34℃, which was maintained for 3-14 days as needed. Results The patients receiving mild hypothermia therapy had significantly improved prognosis in comparison with those in normothermia group (P<0.05). Conclusion Mild hypothermia treatment has brain protective effect and improves the prognosis of patients with severe brain injury.     

重型颅脑损伤患者亚低温治疗的临床研究

Objective To compare the prognoses of patients with severe brain injury receiving mild hypothermia and normothermia interventions and evaluate the brain protective effect of mild hypothermia. Methods Seventy-six patients with severe head injury (Glaseow Coma Score≤8) were divided into mild hypothermia group (36 cases) and normothermia group (40 cases). The patients in the normothermia group were managed with measures for reducing the intracranial pressure and controlling the hemorrhage and gastric acid, with also administration of neurotrophic treatment and nutritional support. In addition to these conventional interventions, the patients in mild hypothermia group received mild hypothermia treatment administered using a water blanket to reduce the core body temperature and brain temperature to 32-34℃, which was maintained for 3-14 days as needed. Results The patients receiving mild hypothermia therapy had significantly improved prognosis in comparison with those in normothermia group (P<0.05). Conclusion Mild hypothermia treatment has brain protective effect and improves the prognosis of patients with severe brain injury.     

不同时间局部亚低温治疗弥漫性轴索损伤的预后分析

目的 探讨弥漫性轴索损伤(DAD后不同时间点行亚低温治疗与患者预后的关系.方法 回顾性分析桂林市全州县人民医院院神经外科自2006年1月至2010年1月收治的48例弥漫性轴索损伤患者的临床资料,按照伤后有无在常规治疗的基础上加用局部亚低温辅助治疗分为亚低温治疗组(n=23)和对照组(n=25),前者按治疗时间又分为伤后8h内亚低温治疗组(n=9)和伤后8 h后亚低温治疗组(n=14),治疗6个月后对患者行GOS评定,分析患者的预后.结果 3组患者年龄、性别比例、治疗前颅内压、GCS评分方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);分别接受不同治疗后3组患者预后差异有统计学意义(x2-6.671,P=0.036),由平均秩次判断,预后最好的为伤后8 h内亚低温治疗组,其次为伤后8 h后亚低温治疗组和对照组.结论 弥漫性轴索损伤患者伤后早期(8 h内)进行局部亚低温辅助治疗有助于脑功能的恢复,提高预后.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of local mild hypothermia at different times on the prognosis of patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Methods Forty-eight patients with DAI,admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to January 2010, were chosen, and their general clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether adjuvant treatment with mild hypothermia was performed besides conventional therapy, patients were divided into mild hypothermia (n=23) and control group (n=25). The former group was sub-divided into group A (giving mild hypothermia treatment within 8 h of injury, n=9) and group B (giving mild hypothermia treatment over 8 h of injury, n=14). Patients were assessed with Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and the prognosis of these patients was analyzed 6 months after treatment. Results No significant differences on age, gender ratio, intracranial pressure before treatment and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores were found among the 3 groups (P>0.05).Significant differences on the prognosis were found among the 3 groups (x2=6.671, P=0.036). Determined from the average rank, the prognosis in group A was better than that in group B, and the prognosis in group B was better than that in the control group. Conclusion Local mild hypothermia therapy within 8h of injury has functional benefit in the recovery of patients with DAI and improves their prognosis.     

血肿腔钻孔联合侧脑室置管引流治疗老年性高血压脑出血的临床研究(附168例报道)

目的 探讨血肿腔钻孔联合侧脑室置管引流治疗老年性高血压脑出血的临床效果.方法对解放军第四七四医院神经外科自2002年3月至2009年2月收治的168例老年性高血压脑出血患者应用血肿腔钻孔联合侧脑室置管引流加尿激酶溶解血肿的方法进行治疗,术后随访6～12个月,根据GOS评分评价患者治疗效果,并分别对患者术前意识分级、出血量大小与预后程度关系进行统计学分析.结果 本组患者预后良好91例,轻残41例,重残及植物生存13例,死亡23例,术后并发症较少.术前意识分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组和Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组、出血量30～70 mL组和70 mL以上组患者预后差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),平均秩次比较显示Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组患者疗效明显优于Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组,30～70mL组患者疗效明显优于70mL以上组.结论 血肿腔钻孔联合侧脑室置管引流加尿激酶溶解血肿是治疗老年性高血压脑出血的有效方法.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the clinical treatment efficacy of punch drainage combined with ventricle puncture in patients with senile hypertensive hemorrhage. Methods One hundred and sixty-eight patients with senile hypertensive hemorrhage, admitted to our hospital from March 2002 to February 2009, were treated by punch drainage combined with ventricle puncture and hematoma dissolution with urokinase. Meanwhile, follow-up for 6-12 months was performed to every patient; the postoperative treatment effects and complications were evaluated by Glasgow Outcome Scale; the relations between the prognosis and both the amount of intracerebral hemorrhage and grades of consciousness situation were statistically analyzed. Results Good prognosis was noted in 91 patients,mild disability in 41, severe disability and vegetative state in 13, and death in 23; few postoperative complications were noted. The prognoses were significantly different in patients with different amounts of intracerebral hemorrhage; so are those in patients with different grades of consciousness situation (P＜0.05); the prognosis of patients under grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ consciousness situation was better than that of patients under grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ consciousness situation and the prognosis of patients with hemorrhage between 30-70 mL was obviously better than that of patients with hemorrhage above 70 mL. Conclusion The punch drainage combined with ventricle puncture and hematoma dissolution with urokinase is an effective treatment method for patients with senile hypertensive intracerebral hematoma.     

急性外伤性颅内血肿双侧开颅术的临床疗效分析

目的探讨双侧开颅术治疗急性外伤性颅内血肿的临床应用方法及疗效。方法对21例急性外伤性颅内血肿行双侧开颅术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果术后3个月至半年随访,本组患者恢复良好13例、轻度残疾2例、重度残疾1例、植物生存0例、死亡5例,死亡率为23.8%。结论双侧开颅术治疗急性外伤性颅内血肿应严格掌握手术指征,及早发现及处理迟发性颅内血肿,可有效降低患者的病死率。     

标准大骨瓣减压术在重型颅脑损伤导致的晚期脑疝双瞳孔散大治疗中的临床效果

目的标准大骨瓣减压术在重型颅脑损伤（sTBI）导致的晚期脑疝双瞳孔散大治疗中的临床效果。 方法选取爱德堡医院神经外科自2014年7月至2017年7月收治的sTBI致晚期脑疝双瞳孔散大的患者70例,采取随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组35例。对照组行常规骨瓣开颅术,观察组行标准大骨瓣开颅术治疗,对比2组近期疗效及术后并发症发生情况。 结果观察组术后1个月恢复良好率（31.43%）明显高于对照组（8.57%）,重残占比（11.43%）明显低于对照组（34.29%）,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组轻残率、植物生存率、死亡率的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组术后并发症发生率（34.29%）低于对照组（77.14%）,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论标准大骨瓣开颅术应用于sTBI所致的晚期脑疝双瞳孔散大可获得显著效果,能有效减少患者术后并发症,值得临床推广。     

双额叶脑挫裂伤的治疗策略选择

目的探讨双额叶脑挫裂伤患者的临床治疗策略。方法回顾性分析山西医科大学第一医院近10年来收治的59例双额叶脑挫裂伤患者的临床资料,按其伤后水肿高峰期GCS评分将患者分为轻、中和重型,测量各患者水肿高峰期头颅CT中脑挫裂伤灶体积和双侧脑室前夹角,分析各组患者GCS评分与影像学结果的相关性。中、重型患者按其入院后是否行手术治疗,又分为手术治疗组和保守治疗组,比较两组患者在住院时间、并发症发生情况、早、远期预后和远期认知功能等情况。结果 59例双额叶脑挫裂伤患者中轻型20例,中型26例,重型13例,Pearson相关性分析显示各组患者GCS评分与影像学表现呈中度负相关;中、重型组中保守治疗21例,手术治疗18例,保守组仅1例(4. 76%)重残,并伴认知功能障碍;手术组3例(16. 67%)植物生存,7例(38. 89%)重残,12例(66. 67%)伴不同程度认知障碍;两组患者在早、远期预后及认知功能方面差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),在并发症及住院时间无统计学差异(P 0. 05)。结论(1)双额叶脑挫裂伤患者的GCS评分与其影像学评价指标中度相关,当二者间不完全一致时,治疗策略选择应以GCS评分为准,兼顾影像学改变。(2)手术治疗组患者总体预后及认知功能差,所以严格把控双额叶脑挫裂伤患者的手术指征,对于保留患者的认知功能、减少不良预后具有重大意义。     

弥漫性轴突损伤后早期并发癫痫患者的预后研究

目的 研究弥漫性轴突损伤(DAI)早期并发外伤性癫痫患者的预后.方法 选择暨南大学第一附属医院神经外科自2000年1月至2011年6月诊治的187例DAI患者,其中早期(伤后2周内)并发外伤性癫痫(PTE)者26例,按1:3的比例选出78例未并发PTE患者作为对照,出院时采用GOS评分和Barthel指数计分评价2组患者的预后和日常生活能力(ADL).结果 并发PTE组和未并发PTE组患者预后、日常生活能力不同,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),由平均秩次判断,早期并发PTE的DAI患者预后差于未并发PTE患者,且存活的患者中,并发PTE的DAI患者日常生活能力低于未并发PTE患者.结论 DAI患者早期发作癫痫可显著影响其预后,尤其是重症患者发作癫痫后预后较差,死亡率、致残率显著增加.     

256例重型、特重型颅脑外伤后行大骨瓣减压术患者的回顾性分析

目的探讨256例重型、特重型颅脑外伤（TBI）患者行大骨瓣减压的远期治疗效果。 方法单中心回顾性队列研究纳入自2012年7月至2016年12月济南军区总医院神经外科收治256例的因重型、特重型TBI急诊行大骨瓣减压的患者,其中重型（GCS评分6~8分）166例、特重型（GCS评分3~5分）90例,采用标准大骨瓣开颅术,减压窗面积约为12 cm×15 cm左右。术后随访18个月,预后分为良好恢复、中残、重残、植物状态、死亡;其中,良好恢复、中度病残为预后良好者,严重病残和植物状态为预后较差者。 结果恢复良好/中残患者104例（40.61%）,但其规范评估行为、心理表现与心理健康的负担未纳入此次临床评估。重残54例、植物状态38例、死亡60例,共计152例患者预后较差（59.37%）,可判断59.37%的患者存在预后不良。 结论标准外伤大骨瓣减压术是治疗重型TBI脑疝形成的有效方法。发生重型、特重型TBI的患者其临床预后差,表现为死亡、植物生存、功能损伤,需要医学界探索新的治疗策略。     

重型颅脑损伤术中急性脑膨出原因及处理

目的总结重型颅脑损伤开颅术中发生急性脑膨出的原因及处理。方法对近年我科收治的重型颅脑损伤开颅术中发生急性脑膨出的原因及疗效进行回顾性分析。结果几年来共收治310例GCS3～8分手术的重型颅脑损伤病人，开颅术中发生急性脑膨出29例（9．4％），因急性脑肿胀引起10例（34．5％），因迟发性血肿引起18例（62．1％），其他原因1例（3．4％）；其中急性脑肿胀者死亡10例（34．5％），迟发性血肿者死亡6例（20．7％），总死亡16例（55．2％），植物生存2例（6．9％），重残3例（10．3％），轻残5例（17．2％），恢复正常生活者3例（10．3％）。结论急性脑肿胀与迟发性血肿引起的脑膨出预后不同，前者死亡率几乎达100％，而远隔部位迟发性血肿只要处理及时，预后良好。     

特大骨瓣减压治疗特重型颅脑损伤

目的评估实施特大骨瓣减压术治疗特重型颅脑损伤的手术适应证及疗效。方法对50例特重型颅脑损伤患者均实施了特大骨瓣减压术。结果按格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)：恢复0例，良好2例，中残8例，重残21例，植物生存6例，死亡13例。37例存活者出院后随访1-4年，再次GOS评定：恢复2例，良好5例，中残10例，重残10例，植物生存3例，死亡7例。共死亡20例，总死亡率40％。结论对特重型颅脑损伤实施特大骨瓣减压术是挽救该类垂危病人的首选办法。在严格掌握手术适应证的同时，确定、实施适当手术方案，并减张缝合修复硬膜．是值得提倡的手术措施，辅以术后常规治疗，可明显提高疗效。     

弥漫性轴索损伤的影像与临床分析

目的探讨弥漫性轴索损伤的影像学及临床特点,为诊断和治疗提供参考。方法对47例弥漫性轴索损伤患者的临床资料及影像学进行回顾性分析。结果随访3～12个月,根据格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）：恢复良好12例,中残14例,重残8例,植物生存3例,死亡10例。不同影像学分级组的预后无显著差异。结论弥漫性轴索损伤是临床上常见的颅脑损伤类型,其诊断主要根据临床和影像学表现;目前CT和常规MRI尚不能作为诊断的必要条件,也不能作为准确评估患者预后的独立依据。     

顶枕着力双额脑挫裂伤的临床特点与治疗

目的探讨顶枕着力所致双额脑挫裂伤的临床特点与治疗方法。方法分析57例患者临床资料,31例急症开颅去骨瓣减压手术,26例行非手术治疗。结果恢复良好35例,中残7例,重残5例,死亡10例。在非手术治疗期间因病情恶化中转手术12例,其中5例为突发脑疝后紧急开颅。结论顶枕着力双额脑挫裂伤的病情易出现突变,去骨瓣减压、解除颅内高压是改善预后的关键。