对综合医院神经内科门诊患者焦虑症状群及生活质量的调查

目的调查综合医院神经内科门诊患者焦虑症状群的检出率;探讨神经内科门诊伴有焦虑症状群患者的生活质量。方法使用中文版患者健康问卷(patient health questionnaire,PHQ)、焦虑症状群分量表(GAD-7)及健康状况调查问卷(the short form-36health survey,SF-36)对综合医院神经内科门诊患者进行问卷调查。对受调查患者同时进行生活质量评估,采用Pearson简单相关法对资料进行相关性分析,分析焦虑症状群与生活质量之间的相关性。结果具有焦虑症状群患者97例/306例[31.7%(95%CI:26.5%~36.9%)];具有焦虑症状群的神经内科门诊患者的SF-36各维度评分低于不伴有焦虑症状群患者;SF-36各维度评分与GAD-7评分呈负相关,具有统计学意义。结论在综合医院神经内科门诊就诊者中,焦虑症状群检出率较高;具有焦虑症状群的神经内科患者生活质量较差,尤其以精神健康状况差为显著。     

对神经内科门诊患者躯体症状群及生活质量的调查

目的调查综合医院神经内科门诊患者躯体症状群的检出率及与其它精神障碍症状群的共病特点,并评估伴有躯体症状群患者的生命质量。方法采用中文版患者健康问卷(patient health questionnaire,PHQ)及健康状况调查问卷(the short form-36 health survey,SF-36)对综合医院神经内科门诊患者进行调查,共收集有效问卷306份。结果符合躯体症状群的患者189例(61.8%);伴躯体症状群患者的SF-36各维度评分低于无任何精神障碍症状患者;SF-36各维度评分与躯体症状群评分呈负相关(r=-0.162～-0.632,P≤0.005)。结论在综合医院神经内科门诊就诊患者中,躯体症状群检出率较高,其生命质量较差,尤其以精神健康状况差为显著。     

急诊科住院患者抑郁、焦虑症状与生命质量的评估

目的：了解综合医院急诊科住院的躯体疾病患者抑郁、焦虑症状的检出率以及生命质量。方法：总共评估某综合医院急诊科住院的躯体疾病患者278例,意识清楚,自愿合作并完成调查,采用的调查工具包括综合医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADs）、总体健康自评问卷（GHQ-12）、健康状况调查问卷（SF-36）。结果：以HADs评分≥8分者为阳性,抑郁症状阳性者比例为29.9%（n=83）,焦虑症状阳性者比例为25.5%（n=71）;以≥11分为肯定者,肯定有抑郁症状群为12.6%（n=35）,肯定有焦虑症状群7.6%（n=21）。以GHQ-12≥4分者为划界分,可能存在心理障碍者比例为36.3%。SF-36的多个维度分值明显低于正常人群常模。多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、性别、合并有抑郁、焦虑症状、就诊次数与SF-36分值显著相关,提示抑郁焦虑症状越严重,生命质量越低。结论：综合医院的急诊科躯体疾病住院患者频繁罹患抑郁、焦虑症状,抑郁焦虑症状群影响患者生命质量。     

综合医院门诊患者焦虑抑郁症状的筛查研究

目的 了解综合性医疗机构门诊就诊患者的焦虑和抑郁症状。方法 采用非概率抽样方 法对中国12 个城市的19 家三级甲等医院门诊患者进行调查研究。研究时间为2017 年3— 8 月。门诊患 者使用手机接入医院免费的无线网络时收到推送的调查问卷,匿名填写患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）和广 泛性焦虑障碍问卷（GAD-7）。结果 32 631 例门诊患者完成PHQ-9 和GAD-7 填写。8 945 例抑郁症状筛 查阳性,阳性率为27.41%,其中70.30% 的患者同时伴有中度以上的焦虑症状。焦虑症状筛查阳性率为 38.29%,6 285 例患者抑郁症状和焦虑症状均筛查阳性,共病率达19.26%,女性筛查阳性率均略高于男 性。结论 三级甲等综合医院门诊患者抑郁、焦虑症状筛查阳性率较高,且共病情况较严重。     

焦虑症患者的生活质量及相关因素分析

目的 探索焦虑症患者的生活质量及相关因素。方法 对60例符合CCMD-3诊断标准的焦虑症患者进行一般情况调查、汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、健康状况调查问卷（SF-36）评定。结果除生理机能一项外,焦虑症患者SF-36各维度的评分均显著低于常模（P〈0．01）。患者HAMD评分和SF-36各维度评分呈显著负相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。伴有抑郁症状的焦虑症患者,其SF-36的躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康6个维度得分显著低于不伴抑郁症状的患者（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,其HAMA评分显著高于不伴抑郁症状的患者（P〈0．01）。结论 焦虑症患者的生活质量低于一般正常人群,伴有的抑郁症状的焦虑症患者其生活质量受损更加严重。     

北京市综合医院门诊成年患者多躯体症状检出率及症状特点分析北大核心CSCD

目的了解及分析多躯体症状在神经内科、心内科、消化内科的检出率和临床特点。方法对就诊于北京朝阳医院、北京安贞医院、北京同仁医院神经内科、心内科、消化内科门诊的患者进行连续询问和筛查,收集入组的1 497例患者的一般人口学资料及疾病相关信息,应用患者健康问卷-15(PHQ-15)躯体症状群量表、患者健康问卷-9(PHQ-9)抑郁症状群量表评估患者的躯体症状及抑郁情绪;以PHQ-15评分10分作为划界分,将入组患者分为多躯体症状组(PHQ-15≥10分)和非多躯体症状组(PHQ-15<10分),计算多躯体症状的检出率,比较2组患者的人口学资料及疾病特征;应用偏相关分析病程、累计就诊次数、PHQ-9总分与PHQ-15总分的相关性。结果3家医院多躯体症状总体检出率为32.67%(489/1 497),消化内科检出率最高(37.74%,191/506)。多躯体症状组和非多躯体症状组在性别(χ^2=36.85,P<0.01),职业(χ^2=19.78,P<0.01),就诊科室(χ^2=9.64, P<0.01),初/复诊(χ^2=6.67,P<0.01),PHQ-9总分(χ^2=231.52,P<0.01)方面比较差异有统计学意义,其中女性检出率高于男性,退休和无固定职业的患者的检出率均高于有固定职业者,复诊患者检出率高于初诊患者。病程(r=0.07,P<0.05,Bonferroni校正)和PHQ-9总分(r=0.66,P<0.05,Bonferroni校正)与躯体症状严重程度呈正相关。结论3家综合医院多躯体症状检出率较高,其中消化内科最高;女性、退休、无职业、复诊、有抑郁情绪的患者多躯体症状检出率相对较高。抑郁情绪、病程与躯体症状严重程度呈正相关。     

社区心理咨询门诊184例案例分析

目的 了解社区居民心理咨询的主要问题及相关因素,以便更好地做好社区心理卫生服务工作.方法 使用中文版患者健康问卷（PHQ）分量表、健康状况调查问卷（SF-36）及自制量表对社区心理咨询门诊来访者进行问卷调查.对受调查来访者同时进行生命质量评估及相关分析.结果 （1）184例来访者中咨询原因居前3住的分别是：情绪问题（24.5％）,人际关系困扰（19.0％）,用药咨询（17.9％）.疾病诊断前4位的为精神分裂症（41.3％）,焦虑障碍（17.4％）,一般心理问题（15.8％）,抑郁发作（10.3％）.（2）76例（41.3％）来访者至少存在抑郁症状群或焦虑症状群或躯体症状群中一种症状群,其中81.58％为轻度;这一类来访者的SF-36各维度评分低于整体来访者的评分.结论 社区心理咨询门诊中,以精神症状群来访者为主,这一部分人群生活质量较差,尤其以精神健康方面生活质量明显降低.     

神经内科门诊患者焦虑与抑郁症状的调查研究

目的 探讨综合医院神经内科门诊患者焦虑与抑郁症状的特征及影响因素.方法 调查河南省人民医院神经内科门诊患者,采用综合医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)和自制问卷.从年龄、性别、文化程度、职业和健康状况等多因素进行调查.结果 神经内科门诊患者焦虑症状阳性者占所有就诊患者的34.8%,抑郁症状阳性者占39.8%;伴发神经内科疾病组的焦虑/抑郁分和阳性率均高于无神经内科疾病组;焦虑和抑郁症状的发生与患者的年龄、性别、文化程度有密切关系.结论 神经内科门诊患者焦虑与抑郁症状是一种普遍现象,女性多于男性,随着年龄的增大其发生率呈增加趋势,高学历人群更易患焦虑与抑郁症状.     

偏头痛与焦虑/抑郁的相关性

目的探讨偏头痛与焦虑、抑郁的相关性,旨在重视偏头痛伴发症,为优化偏头痛管理提供参考。方法选择攀枝花市中心医院神经科门诊138例偏头痛患者为研究对象,同期选择本院体检中心年龄、性别与患者组相匹配的70名健康志愿者为对照组,采用偏头痛特异性生活质量问卷(MSQ2.1)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)进行评定。结果偏头痛患者焦虑、抑郁检出率分别为59.42%、38.41%,对照组焦虑、抑郁检出率分别为32.86%、8.57%,偏头痛患者焦虑、抑郁检出率均高于对照组(P均0.05)。偏头痛患者GAD-7、PHQ-9评分与MSQ2.1评分呈正相关(r=0.397~0.489,P0.05)。结论偏头痛患者是焦虑、抑郁的高危人群,偏头痛患者生活质量与焦虑、抑郁相关。     

早期帕金森病患者健康相关生活质量

目的 研究中国早期帕金森病(PD)患者健康相关生活质量(health related quality of life,HR-QOL)的特点;探讨运动症状和非运动症状对早期PD患者HR-QOL的影响.方法 在全国范围内共筛选出391例早期PD患者入组.采用统一帕金森病评分表(UPDRS)和Hoehn-Yahr评价运动症状,采用流行病学研究中心编制的抑郁量表(CES-D)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、疲劳量表(FSS)、阿尔茨海默病评定量表的认知部分(ADAS-Cog)和便秘量表分别对抑郁、睡眠障碍、疲劳、认知功能和便秘等非运动症状进行评价;采用36条目简化医疗结局调查问卷(SF-36)评价HR-QOL.比较PD患者与同龄健康老年人SF-36分值的差异.采用逐步多元线性回归分析深入探讨各种运动及非运动症状变量对HR-QOL的影响.结果 早期PD患者除SF-36躯体疼痛维度外,其余各维度分值较同龄健康老年人均下降.UPDRS第3部分分值(23.8±11.8)、Hoehn-Yahr分期(2.0±0.7)和强直分值(4.4±3.1)仅能解释SF-36总分变化的18.9%(R2=0.189).CES-D、FSS和PSQI分值等非运动症状变量引入回归方程后,SF-36总分可被解释的部分由18.9%增加至61.7%(R2=0.617).并且,引入CES-D分值后,SF-36总分可被解释的部分增加了43.3%(R2=0.433).结论 PD症状严重影响早期患者的HR-QOL.运动症状对HR-QOL存在影响,但影响作用有限.抑郁、疲劳和睡眠障碍这3个非运动症状是导致早期PD患者HR-QOL恶化的主要原因.其中,抑郁症状是HR-QOL恶化的最强预测因素.临床上,应重视非运动症状,运动和非运动症状兼治,才能真正提高疗效显著改善患者的HR-QOL.     

视频脑电图在小儿癫痫诊断中的应用

目的评价视频脑电图(video-EEG)在小儿癫诊断中的应用价值。方法对126例具有发作性症状的患儿进行连续8h的包括清醒、睡眠、诱发试验及必要的认知测验的视频脑电图监测。结果经发作期视频脑电图证实,39例初诊为癫性发作的患儿中14例(35%)为非癫性发作;15例其他症状发作中13例(86%)为非癫性发作。64例样放电患儿中51例(80%)确定发作类型,22例(34%)确定癫类型。视频脑电图可发现短暂轻微的癫发作及样放电引起的一过性认知损伤。结论视频脑电图在排除非癫性发作、确定癫性发作的类型、评价脑电-临床关系方面可提供准确可靠的证据,进一步提高癫的临床诊断水平。     

Role of glutathione in repair of free radical damage in hippocampus in vitro.

Depletion of glutathione (GSH), an intrinsic antioxidant, increases vulnerability to free radical damage in a number of cell systems. This study investigates the role of GSH in limiting electrophysiological damage and/or recovery from free radical exposure in slices of guinea pig hippocampus. Synaptic potentials (PSPs) and population spikes (PSs) were recorded from field CA1. Free radicals were generated from 0.006% peroxide through the Fenton reaction. Analysis of the input-output curves showed that peroxide treatment decreased PSPs and impaired ability of the PSPs to generate PSs as previously reported. Recovery was nearly total within a half hour. Treatment with 5 mM buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) for 2 h depleted hippocampal GSH to 79.2% of control values. The extent of free radical damage was not increased. Recovery, however, was only partial. GSH was further depleted by oxidation with diamide or covalent bonding with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) immediately before and during the peroxide treatment. Neither diamide nor DMF treatment in BSO-incubated tissue enhanced peroxide-induced electrophysiological deficits. Following these treatments, however, tissue showed little recovery from free radical damage. We conclude that glutathione is essential for repair processes in hippocampal neurons exposed to oxidative damage.     

Neuroprotective properties of memantine in different in vitro and in vivo models of excitotoxicity

The pathogenesis of stroke, trauma and chronic degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been linked to excitotoxic processes due to inappropriate stimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R). Attempts to use potent competitive NMDA-R antagonists as neuroprotectants have shown serious side-effects in patients. As an alternative approach, we were interested in the anti-excitotoxic properties of memantine, a well-tolerated low affinity uncompetitive NMDA-R antagonist presently used as an anti-dementia agent. We explored in a series of models of increasing complexity, whether this voltage-dependent channel blocker had neuroprotective properties at clinically relevant concentrations. As expected, memantine protected neurons in organotypic hippocampal slices or dissociated cultures from direct NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. However, low concentrations of memantine were also effective in neuronal (cortical neurons and cerebellar granule cells) stress models dependent on endogenous glutamate stimulation and mitochondrial stress, i.e. exposure to hypoxia, the mitochondrial toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) or a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Furthermore, memantine reduced lethality and brain damage in vivo in a model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Finally, we investigated functional rescue (neuronal capacity to migrate along radial glia) by memantine in cerebellar microexplant cultures exposed to the indirect excitotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Potent NMDA-R antagonists, such as (+)MK-801, are known to block neuronal migration in microexplant cultures. Interestingly, memantine significantly restored the number of neurons able to migrate out of the stressed microexplants. These findings suggest that inhibition of the NMDA-R by memantine is sufficient to block excitotoxicity, while still allowing some degree of signalling.     

Storage of lipofuscin in neurons in mucopolysaccharidosis

Summary A histochemical and ultrastructural study was made on the brain of a 23-year-old man with Sanfilippo's syndrome. In accordance with previous reports the cortical nerve cells contained a PAS-positive lipid storage substance. This showed intense autofluorescence in UV-light and was positive with various stains for lipofuscin. The storage material appeared ultrastructurally as inclusion bodies composed of short lamellated membranes, granular material, and vacuoles. In addition, concentrically and transversely lamellated membranous cytoplasmic bodies were observed in the nerve cells. It is concluded that the PAS-positive lipid storage material in the neurons was composed partly of lipofuscin in addition to other lipids presumably glycosphingolipids.Supported by a grant from the Expressen Prenatal Research Foundation     

Role of vincristine in the inhibition of angiogenesis in glioblastoma

Objective: Vincristine, a microtubule-destabilizing drug, was found to exhibit anti-angiogenic effects and anti-tumoral activity. However, the precise mechanism by which vincristine inhibits angiogenesis in glioblastomas is not well understood. Our aim was to investigate whether vincristine affects vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in glioblastoma cells and determine whether it is mediated by the downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α).

Methods: We investigated the expression of HIF-1α in glioblastoma tissues resected from patients and in human glioblastoma cell lines using immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry. In addition to an MTT assay assessing the effect of vincristine on cell proliferation and viability, the effects of vincristine on VEGF mRNA expression and HIF-1α protein were examined using real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis under 1% O₂ (hypoxia).

Results: HIF-1α was expressed in the majority of glioblastoma tissues and was detected mainly in the nucleus. Strong immunoreactivity for HIF- 1 α was found often in the hypercellular zones. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α protein levels in the glioblastoma cell lines increased, primarily localizing into the nucleus similar to glioblastoma tissues. Exposure of glioblastoma cells to vincristine resulted in enrichment of the G₂-M fraction of the cell cycle, which suggests that vincristine-mediated growth inhibition of glioblastoma is correlated with mitotic inhibition. Using doses lower than those found to reduce the viability and proliferation of cells by 50% (IC₅₀), vincristine decreased both the expression of VEGF mRNA and the level of HIF-1α protein in hypoxic glioblastoma cells. In addition, following exposure to vincristine, the expression of VEGF mRNA was correlated with HIF-1α protein levels.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that the mechanism by which vincristine elicits an anti-angiogenic effect in glioblastomas under hypoxic conditions might be mediated, in part, by HIF-1α inhibition.