前列腺素E1对高血压脑出血患者血肿周围组织血流量及预后的影响

目的 观察前列腺素(PG)E1对高血压脑出血患者血肿周围组织血流量及预后的影响.方法 40例高血压脑出血患者随机分为PGE1组和对照组,两组患者均给予脑出血的常规治疗;PGE1组发病后第5d起给予PGE1治疗15 d.发病后第5 d、20 d进行单光子发射计算机断层扫描脑灌注显像,应用半定量分析法计算血肿区及血肿周围组织近区、远区及额顶叶区的局部脑血流量(rCBF);发病第1d、第5 d、第12 d和第20 d进行头颅CT检查,观察两组患者血肿及血肿周围低密度区体积;同时应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)进行神经功能缺损程度评分;发病第1 d、第20 d进行改良的Rankin量表(mRS)评分,第90 d时再次分别进行NIHSS和mRS评分.结果 发病第20 d PGE1组血肿周围近区及远区rCBF较治疗前及对照组明显升高(均P<0.01);发病第12 d、20 d时血肿体积以及发病第20 d时血肿周围低密度区较对照组明显缩小(均P<0.01);发病第20 d和第90 d时NIHSS评分较对照组明显降低(均P<0.05);发病第90d时mRS评分较对照组明显降低(P<0.01).结论 高血压脑出血患者应用PGEI治疗,可增加血肿周围rCBF,促进神经功能缺损的恢复,改善预后.     

脑出血早期血肿扩大的影响因素及其与预后的关系

目的 探讨脑出血早期血肿扩大的影响因素,并分析其与预后的关系。方法 收集本院87例脑出血患者的临床资料,所有患者均在发病后6 h内和发病后24 h内完成第1次和第2次脑部CT检查,根据其有无早期血肿扩大将患者分为血肿扩大组和血肿未扩大组,记录2组一般资料、实验室检查和CT图像等信息,分析脑出血早期血肿扩大的危险因素及其与预后的关系。结果 87例患者中血肿扩大组30例(34.48%),血肿未扩大组57例(65.52%)。单因素分析显示,血肿扩大组入院时SBP、入院时GCS评分、入院时NIHSS评分、FPG、TG水平、发病至首次CT检查时间、血肿形态与血肿未扩大组比较均有明显差异(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,入院时SBP≥200 mmHg、入院时GCS评分≤8分、入院时NIHSS评分≥15分、FPG水平高、发病至首次CT检查时间≤3 h、血肿形态不规则是脑出血早期血肿扩大的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。血肿扩大组不良预后发生率均显著高于血肿未扩大组(P<0.05),脑出血早期血肿扩大是影响患者预后的危险因素。结论 脑出血早期血肿扩大的影响因素包括入院时SBP、入院时GCS评分、入院时NIHSS评分、FPG、发病至首次CT检查时间和血肿形态,脑出血早期血肿扩大是影响患者预后的危险因素。     

用凝血功能综合评分法分析高血压脑出血急性期血肿扩大的相关因素

目的旨在用凝血功能综合评分法(CFCS)分析高血压脑出血急性期血肿扩大的相关因素。方法收集2010年3月至2012年3月收治的高血压脑出血患者152例,其中男90例、女62例;年龄平均(54.7±11.3)岁。应用头颅CT观察患者急性期血肿扩大的情况。参照国际血栓和止血协会制定的凝血功能检测指标设计CFCS进行评分;对包括CFCS在内的多个血肿扩大危险因素进行单因素χ2检验及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果共入组152例患者,血肿体积平均(26.2±12.1)mL;入院时GCS评分平均(9.8±3.7)分。入选病例在急性期出现血肿扩大57例(37.5%)。χ2检验发现起病时血肿部位、入院时血压情况、CFCS评分等是血肿扩大的候选危险因素(P0.05)。将上述因素引入Logistic回归方程,逐步前进法分析得出入院时收缩压、CFCS评分、早期使用甘露醇是高血压脑出血急性期血肿扩大的独立危险因素。结论CFCS评分与高血压脑出血急性期血肿扩大以及预后密切相关,可以作为临床判断血肿扩大因素的参考指标,有利于早期发现血肿扩大并及时进行干预。     

BRAIN评分联合外周血单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白比值对自发性脑出血早期血肿扩大的预测价值

目的 探讨BRAIN评分联合外周血单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白比值(MHR)对自发性脑出血早期血肿扩大(EHE)的预测价值.方法 回顾性收集2012年1月至2020年9月发病6 h内入我院并完成首次颅脑CT及采血的204例自发性脑出血患者的临床资料,根据发病24 h内复查CT分为早期血肿扩大组(EHE组)与非早期血肿扩大组(...     

脑出血急性期血肿扩大与病程的关系引申的思考

《临床神经病学杂志》2010年第5期刊登的脑出血患者急性期血肿扩大的危险因素(宋维根,等)一文报道,病程是影响血肿扩大的危险因素。这个研究结果很有现实意义,因为其引伸出对一种临床流行的治疗方法的思考。脑出血患者在发病24 h时复查CT,如血肿体积比发病后第一次检查时增大33%以上就认为是脑出血急性期血肿扩大。一     

疏血通治疗急性期脑出血74例临床疗效分析

目的对比疏血通治疗急性期脑出血患者的临床效果。方法选取74例急性期脑出血患者随机,分为疏血通组(36例)和对照组(38例)。疏血通组在对照组常规治疗的基础上加用疏血通8mL/d,连用2周。入院当天,疗程第7、14天查头CT检测血肿大小和周围低密度容积并行神经功能缺损评分。结果入院第l天,2组神经功能缺损评分、血肿大小、周围低密度容积比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗第7、14天治疗组神经功能缺损评分、血肿及周围低密度容积的大小低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论疏血通能促进急性期脑出血的血肿吸收和神经功能改善,不引起血肿扩大。     

清开灵对脑出血急性期脑血肿及血肿周围水肿的影响

目的观察清开灵(冻干)针剂对脑出血急性期脑血肿及血肿周围水肿的影响及临床疗效。方法68例发病24h内的脑出血患者随机分为两组,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上采用清开灵(冻干)针剂400mg加入5%的葡萄糖液250ml中静滴,qd×10d。两组分别给予治疗前后脑血肿容积、血肿周围最大水肿面积测定、神经功能缺损评分及临床疗效比较,并作相关分析。结果治疗组脑血肿吸收、血肿周围水肿缩小明显优于对照组(P<0.01);治疗组神经功能缺损症状改善明显高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组与对照组总有效率分别为85.29%和58.82%(P<0.05)。结论清开灵针剂在脑出血急性期使用可有效促进血肿吸收,明显抑制脑水肿发生、发展,并提高患者生存质量。     

脑内微出血对预测高血压脑出血血肿扩大的意义

目的研究脑内微出血(cerebral microbleeds,CMBs)在高血压脑出血血肿扩大中的意义。方法选择140例发病6h内的高血压脑出血患者,入院后立即行颅脑CT和梯度回波T2加权像(gradient echo pulse sequence-T2WI,GRE-T2WI)检查,测量血肿大小,发病后24h和72h复查颅脑CT,依据CT及MRI检查结果将血肿有无扩大患者分为微出血组和无微出血组。对比2组出现血肿扩大的比率及血肿扩大的值。结果入院时GRE-T2WI检查提示72例存在数量不一的CMBs。24h复查CT发现脑内血肿体积扩大比率为12.9%(18/140),72h查CT示血肿体积扩大比率15%(21/140)。微出血组患者存在的CMBs比率明显高于无微出血组[71.4%(15/21)与47.9%(57/119),χ2=4.215,P0.01]。72h后微出血组血肿体积扩大比率显著高于无微出血组[18.1%(13/72)与11.4%(8/70),χ2=3.065,P0.05]。结论 CMBs在高血压脑出血血肿扩大中扮演重要作用。     

高血压脑出血患者急性期血肿扩大的相关因素

目的 探讨高血压脑出血(CH)患者急性期血肿扩大的相关因素.方法 对208例CH患者(其中29例发生血肿扩大)的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 血肿扩大组在发病≤24 h发生血肿扩大者27例(93.1%).与无血肿扩大组比较,血肿扩大组的收缩压显著增高;并且血肿扩大组Glasgow昏迷量表(GCS)评分降低、基底节出血、肝功能异常、长期饮酒、服阿司匹林和糖尿病史的比率显著高于无血肿扩大组(P<0.05～0.005).结论 CH患者发病时收缩压高、病情重、基底节出血以及有肝功能异常、长期饮酒、服阿司匹林和糖尿病是血肿扩大的相关因素.对CH患者应重视或控制这些有关因素,以防治CH后继续出血、血肿扩大.     

量化评价血肿形态对脑出血血肿扩大危险因素分析

目的 采用不规则指数(R)量化评价不规则血肿形态,分析血肿扩大的相关危险因素.方法 收集深圳市数家医院发病6h内行第1次头部CT检查,48h内复查头部CT的非手术脑出血病例资料,共120例,分为两组:(1)血肿扩大组31例;(2)血肿无扩大组89例.计算出评价血肿不规则程度的不规则指数(R).采用统计学方法分析患者的年龄、性别、发病到入院时间、入院时的收缩压、舒张压、出血量、出血部位、纤维蛋白原浓度、不规则指数R与血肿扩大的关系.结果 120例脑出血患者中有31例患者发生血肿扩大,发生率为25.8%.多因素Logistic回归分析提示:早期就诊头部CT扫描(OR 0.342,95%CI 0.169～0.693,P=0.003)、入院时的高收缩压(OR 3.897.95%CI 1.458～10.416,P=0.007)、不规则指数R≥1.3(OR 2.974,95%CI 1.128～7.845,P=0.028)均是脑出血肿扩大的独立危险因素.结论 早期就诊头部CT扫描、入院时的高收缩压(>175mmHg)、血肿不规则指数R≥1.3时的患者血肿扩大发生率高,是血肿扩大的相关因素.     

Subacute spinal subdural hematoma associated with intracranial subdural hematoma

We describe a subacute spinal subdural hematoma in a patient with psot-traumatic subacute intracranial subdural hematoma. CT and MRI demonstrated hematoma within the interhemispheric subdural space and at the lumbar posterior subdural space which extended from the L1 to the S2 level. The lesion showed high signal intensity on both T1 and T2 weighted images. Surgical decompression of the spinal subdural hematoma was performed. The symptoms completely resolved after surgery. Spinal subdural hematoma may be concomitant with or may occur after intracranial subdural hematoma. If a patient with intracranial subdural hematoma complains of low back pain and weakness in both legs; lumbosacral MR examination should be performed to exclude spinal subdural hematoma.     

急性颅内血肿清除后继发对侧迟发性血肿

目的：急性外伤性颅内血肿清除的术中及术后，如及时发现对侧迟发性血肿并治疗可提高疗效。方法：在术中发生急性脑肿胀时应在对侧钻颅探查或术后病人恶化时行ＣＴ检查。结果：治疗３０例对侧迟发血肿病人其中１０例死亡，手术死亡率为３３．３％。结论：在清除急性外伤性颅内血肿时发生急性脑肿胀或术后病情恶化应想到对侧可能是迟发性血肿形成，宜尽早钻颅探查或复查ＣＴ，早诊早治可改善预后。     

Post-traumatic intracerebral hematoma

Fifty-five cases of post-traumatic intracerebral haematomas are analyzed, discussing the diagnostic value of such preliminary methods as plain skull films, EEG, echoencephalography. These methods, together with clinical findings make the diagnosis of intracerebral haematoma likely. The final diagnosis was based on carotid arteriography and computerized tomography of the brain, which provided additional information on traumatic brain damage. The diagnostic sensitivity of CT was higher. The considerable prognostic importance of the degree of consciousness disturbances and their duration is stressed. In the group of patients with lucidum intervallum the mortality was higher. Four patients were treated conservatively since CT demonstrated in them only small haematomas without displacement of the ventricles. The remaining patients were treated surgically removing the haematomas through craniotomy or craniectomy. In 54% of these cases improvement was obtained. The 33% mortality was moderate as compared with previous reports.     

Interhemispheric subdural hematoma

Although relatively uncommon, interhemispheric subdural hematoma (ISDH) occurs more frequently than was suspected before the advent of computerized tomographic (CT) scanning. When its mass is sufficiently large to compress the medial cerebral hemisphere, specific focal neurological abnormalities may occur. These include weakness of the contralateral leg, or contralateral hemiparesis with the leg being weaker than the arm. On the unenhanced CT scan ISDH is seen as a crescent shaped, midline hyperdensity. Treatment is dictated by the clinical course. Evacuation of the hematoma by parasagittal craniotomy is recommended if the symptoms are pronounced.     

Infected subdural hematoma

A case is presented in which Escherichia coli seeded a pre-existing chronic subdural hematoma. A 77-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of lethargy, left hemiparesis and fever. Drainage through a burr hole was performed with the diagnosis of bilateral chronic subdural hematoma. Operative findings revealed the infected subdural hematoma on the right side and non-infected subdural hematoma on the left side. Cultures of the subdural hematoma grew Escherichia coli. In view of the pyuria, the etiology of the infected subdural hematoma was postulated to be a urinary tract infection. In the majority of 14 reported cases, the causative organisms were Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and the systemic sources of infection included the urinary tract, gastrointestinal disease, or were unknown. The possibility of infected subdural hematoma should be considered when computed tomography findings suggestive of chronic subdural hematoma exist in a patient with signs of infection.