帕金森病、P型多系统萎缩及进行性核上性麻痹的肛门括约肌肌电图及相关自主神经损害特点

目的 分析帕金森病(PD)、多系统萎缩和进行性核上性麻痹(PSP)的肛门括约肌肌电图(EAS-EMG)及相关自主神经损害特点,进一步探讨EAS-EMG在鉴别诊断方面的价值.方法 回顾性分析2001-2009年12月我院神经科肌电图室进行EAS-EMG检查的562例患者,对其中60例PD患者(男41例、女19例),68例以帕金森症状为主要表现的多系统萎缩(MSA-P)患者(男35例、女33例),13例PSP患者(男10例、女3例)的相关自主神经损害情况及肌电图进行比较.EAS-EMG选取平均时限、多相波比例和卫星电位出现率作为评价指标,比较各参数的组间差异,其中平均时限按照延长的程度分为轻度(10.0～11.9 ms)、中度(12.0～13.9 ms)、重度(≥14.0 ms).结果 在相关自主神经症状中,阳痿、便秘、尿失禁、尿急、尿频在MSA-P组中的出现率[95.8%(23/24)、94.6%(53/56)、87.7%(50/57)、85.7%(42/49)、76.5%(39/51)]明显高于PD组[61.5%(16/26)、62.3%(33/53)、30.6%(15/49)、46.2%(24/52)、45.7%(21/46)]及PSP组[75.0%(3/4)、62.5%(5/8)、50.0%(4/8)、42.9%(3/7)、42.9%(3/7)].PD、MSA-P和PSP的EAS-EMG异常出现率分别为60%(36/60)、94.1%(64/68)和84.6%(11/13).PD、MSA-P和PSP组间平均时限(ms,12.0±1.6、15.4±3.0、13.8±1.8)、多相波(46.2%±19.2%、63.9%±15.8%、51.5%±12.1%)和卫星电位出现率(9.5%±8.3%、26.5%±15.9%、19.2%±12.5%)的差异均有统计学意义(F=31.724、F=17.412、x2=45.335,均P＜0.01).平均时限延长程度PD组:轻度36.7%、中度36.7%、重度11.7%,正常15.0%;MSA-P组:轻度10.3%、中度23.5%、重度66.2%;PSP组:轻度7.7%、中度61.5%、重度30.8%;各组间的差异有统计学意义.结论 EAS-EMG可以用于鉴别PD、MSA-P和PSP的自主神经损害情况.肛门括约肌的损害较常见于MSA-P,且程度较重;较少见于PD,且程度较轻;PSP介于两者之间.平均时限延长程度的分布或许可以提示骶髓Onuf核在3种疾病中受累程度的差异.

Abstract：

Objectives To assess the value of external anal sphincter electromyography (EASEMG) in evaluating the related autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease ( PD), parkinsonism dominant multiple system atrophy (MSA-P) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Methods From the records of EAS-EMG collected in our lab (total 562 cases), 60 PD (male 41, female 19), 68 MSA-P (male 35,female 33) and 13 PSP (male 10, female 3) were included in the analysis in this study. Mean duration,polyphasic ratio and satellite potential occurrence rate were comparable among the groups. Mean duration prolongation were graded as normal ( ＜ 10.0 ms), mild ( 10.0-11.9 ms), moderate ( 12.0-13.9 ms)and severe ( ≥ 14.0 ms). Results Among all related autonomic symptoms, the occurrence rate of constipation, urinary incontinence, urgency and frequency in patients with MSA-P(95.8% (23/24) ,94.6% (53/56) ,87.7% ( 50/57 ), 85.7% (42/49), 76.5% ( 39/51 ) ) were higher than that of PD ( 61.5%(16/26), 62.3% (33/53), 30.6% (15/49), 46.2% (24/52), 45.7% (21/46)) and PSP (75.0%(3/4) , 62.5% (5/8), 50.0% (4/8), 42.9% (3/7), 42.9% (3/7)). The abnormal rate of EAS-EMG in PD, MSA-P and PSP were 60.0%, 94.2% and 84.6%, accordingly. Mean duration ( PD ( 12.0 ± 1.6)ms, MSA-P (15.4±3.0) ms, PSP (13.8±1.8) ms), polyphasic ratio (PD 46.2% ±19.2%, MSA-P 63.9% ± 15.8%, PSP 51.5% ± 12.1% ) and satellite potential occurrence rate ( PD 9.5% ± 8.3%,MSA-P 26.5% ± 15.9%, PSP 19.2% ± 12.5% ) varied significantly different among the groups ( F =31.724, F = 17.412, x2 =45. 335, all P ＜0.01 ). Severe mean duration prolongation was overwhelming in MSA-P (66.2% ) , compared with mild 10.3% and moderate 23.5%. The predominant prolongation degree was moderate in PSP (61.5%, mild 7.7%, severe 30.8% ), and mild in PD (36.7%, moderate 36.7% ,severe 11.7%, normal 15.0% ). Conclusions EAS-EMG could play a role in evaluating the related autonomic dysfunctions in PD, MSA-P and PSP. The EAS-EMG impairment was severe and frequent in MSA-P, mild and infrequent in PD, moderate in PSP. The spectrum of mean duration prolongation suggested the possibility of Onuf's nucleus involvement in these diseases.     

肛门括约肌肌电图对多系统萎缩与帕金森病的诊断价值

目的探讨肛门括约肌肌电图(EAS-EMG)对多系统萎缩(MSA)与帕金森病(PD)的诊断价值。方法对477例PD患者(PD组)及171例MSA患者(MSA组)进行EAS-EMG检查。采用ROC曲线对MUP平均时限、波幅、平均位相、多相波百分比、时限10 ms百分比、卫星电位百分比进行分析。结果与PD组比较,MSA组患者EAS-EMG指标均显著升高(均P0.01)。MSA组MSA-P型及MSA-C型患者男性比率、年龄及EAS-EMG指标差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。ROC曲线显示,平均时限(最佳临界值:10.75,敏感性:84%,特异性:55%)和MUP时限10 ms百分比(最佳临界值:57.5%,敏感性:81%,特异性:54%)对MSA和PD具有良好的鉴别诊断价值。与PD组比较,不同病程MSA患者平均时限均显著升高(均P0.01)。ROC曲线显示,病程≤1年的平均时限曲线下面积(AUC)为0.682,最佳临界值为10.55 ms,敏感性为82%,特异性为48%;1年病程≤3年的平均时限AUC为0.819,最佳临界值为11.15 ms,敏感性为75%,特异性为76%;3年病程≤5年的平均时限AUC为0.773,最佳临界值为12.60 ms,敏感性为48%,特异性为95%。结论 EAS-EMG平均时限和MUP时限10 ms百分比对MSA和PD均具有良好的诊断价值,但不同病程的平均时限最佳临界值不同,因此需将病程和平均时限值结合起来进行分析。     

多系统萎缩患者的尿道括约肌和肛门括约肌肌电图对比分析

目的 比较多系统萎缩(MSA)患者尿道括约肌肌电图(US-EMG)和肛门括约肌肌电图(EAS-EMG)变化特征.方法 对拟诊的9例MSA患者行US-EMG和EAS-EMG测定.分别测定运动单位的平均时限、平均波幅、轻收缩波幅、多相波以及大力收缩募集电位共5组数据,并统计分析组间差异.结果 9例MSA患者US-EMG与EAS-EMG两种检查方法均证实7例患者肌电图结果呈神经源性损伤,两种检查结果中平均波幅[( 1063.44±499.92) μV与(634.89±265.07) μV]、多相波[中位数(四分位数间距),分别为0(0,20％)与57％ (28％,63％)]差异有统计学意义(t=2.567,P=0.033;t =2.833,P=0.012).结论 US-EMG和EAS-EMG在MSA诊断中均具有较特异的诊断价值,虽然US-EMG检查实施有一定技巧性和难度,但其轻收缩波幅等指标的异常对于仅有排尿障碍而无便秘的MSA可能具有更为显著的诊断价值.     

Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets as a Marker of Parkinson’s Disease in a Chinese Population

In this study, we conducted a clinical analysis of lymphocyte subtypes in 268 patients with Parkinson's disease(PD) to assess their clinical impact as a potential marker of advanced PD in Chinese patients. The participants comprised 268 sporadic PD patients and 268 healthy controls. The numbers of natural killer(NK) cells and CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, and CD19+ lymphocytes from peripheral blood were determined by immunostaining and flow cytometric analysis and the percentages of these CD+ T cells were calculated. The ratio of regulatory T(Treg)/helper T 17(Th17) lymphocytes from 64 PD patients and 46 controls was determined by flow cytometric analysis.The results showed that the percentage of NK cells was higher in advanced PD patients than in controls(22.92% ±10.08% versus 19.76% ± 10.09%, P = 0.006), while CD3+ T cells are decreased(62.93% ± 9.27% versus65.75% ± 9.13%, P = 0.005). The percentage of CD19+B cells in male patients was lower(P = 0.021) than in female patients, whereas NK cells were increased(P \ 0.0001). The scores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS) and the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale in late-onset PD patients were significantly higher than those in earlyonset patients(P = 0.024 and P = 0.007, respectively). The percentage of CD19+ B cells in patients with UPDRS scores[24 was lower than in those with scores \24(10.17% ±4.19% versus 12.22% ± 5.39%, P = 0.009). In addition, the Treg/Th17 ratio in female patients was higher than that in female controls(13.88 ± 6.32 versus 9.94 ± 4.06, P =0.042). These results suggest that the percentages of NK cells,CD3+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells along with the Treg/Th17 ratio in peripheral blood may be used to predict the risk of PD in Chinese individuals and provide fresh avenues for novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic designs.     

Therapeutic potential of trehalose in neurodegenerative diseases:the knowns and unknowns

Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)are a growing health problem associated with a high burden due to destructive and longterm clinical effects.Cellular aggregations of misfolded proteins are the most common pathological hallmark of many late-onset NDs called proteinopathies including Parkinson’s disease(PD),Alzheimer’s disease(AD),tauopathies,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),and polyglutamine(polyQ)expansion diseases such as Huntington’s disease(HD)and various spinocerebellar ataxias(SCA)such as SCA3(Renna et al.,2010).Misfolded proteins can be generated by posttranslational conjugation(e.g.,hyperphosphorylated tau in AD),or endoproteolytic cleavage(e.g.,amyloidβpeptides)or genetic mutations in specific proteins(such as HTT in HD,α-synuclein in PD,PrPC in prion disease and SOD1 and TDP-43 in ALS)leading to the formation of oligomers.     

Magnetic resonance imaging markers for early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective and progressive degeneration, as well as loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. In PD, approximately 60-70% of nigrostriatal neurons are degenerated and 80% of content of the striatal dopamine is reduced before the diagnosis can be established according to widely accepted clinical diagnostic criteria. This condition describes a stage of disease called "prodromal", where non-motor symptoms, such as olfactory dysfunction, constipation, rapid eye movement behaviour disorder, depression, precede motor sign of PD. Detection of prodromal phase of PD is becoming an important goal for determining the prognosis and choosing a suitable treatment strategy. In this review, we present some non-invasive instrumental approaches that could be useful to identify patients in the prodromal phase of PD or in an early clinical phase, when the first motor symptoms begin to be apparent. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and advanced MRI techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging, diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI, are useful to differentiate early PD with initial motor symptoms from atypical parkinsonian disorders, thus, making easier early diagnosis. Functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging techniques can show abnormalities in the olfactory system in prodromal PD.     

Prognosis in prolonged coma patients with diffuse axonal injury assessed by somatosensory evoked potential

A total of 43 prolonged coma patients with diffuse axonal injury received the somatosensory evoked potential examination one month after injury in the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University in China. Somatosensory evoked potentials were graded as normal, abnormal or absent (grades Ⅰ-Ⅲ) according to N20 amplitude and central conduction time. The outcome in patients with grade Ⅲ somatosensory evoked potential was in each case unfavorable. The prognostic accuracy of grade Ⅲ somatosensory evoked potential for unfavorable and non-awakening outcome was 100% and 80%, respectively. The prognostic accuracy of grade Ⅰ somatosensory evoked potential for favorable and wakening outcome was 86% and 100%, respectively. These results suggest that somatosensory evoked potential grade is closely correlated with coma severity and degree of recovery. Somatosensory evoked potential is a valuable diagnostic tool to assess prognosis in prolonged coma patients with diffuse axonal injury.     

Exosomes in Parkinson's Disease

Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by most cell types, are found in all kinds of biological fluids and tissues, including the central nervous system(CNS). The proposed functions of these vesicles include roles in cell–cell signaling, removal of cellular debris, and transfer of pathogens between cells. Many studies have revealed that exosomes derived from the CNS occur in the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral body fluids,and their contents are altered during disease, making them an appealing target for biomarker development in Parkinson's disease(PD). Exosomes have been shown to spread toxic a-synuclein(asyn) between cells and induce apoptosis, which suggests a key mechanism underlying the spread of asyn aggregates in the brain and the acceleration of pathology in PD. However, potential neuroprotective roles of exosomes in PD have also been reported. On the treatment side, as drug delivery vehicles, exosomes have been used to deliver small interfering RNAs and catalase to the brain, and have shown clear therapeutic effects in a mouse model of PD. These features of exosomes in PD make them extremely interesting from the point of view of developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.     

帕金森病患者自主神经功能障碍相关研究

目的 评估交感神经皮肤反应(sympathetic skin response,SSR)和PD自主神经症状量表(the scale for outcomes in PD for autonomic symptoms,SCOPA-AUT)对帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)患者自主神经功能损害的诊断价值及自主神经功能障碍影响因素.方法 应用SSR、SCOPA-AUT和统一帕金森病评分量表(unified Parkinson disease rating scale,UPDRS)对50例PD患者进行评估;应用SSR及SCOPA-AUT量表对33例对照组进行评估.结果 PD组四肢SSR的潜伏期及波幅与对照组相比差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01或0.05).SCOPA-AUT总分(23.54±12.48)、消化系统症状(8.00±3.77)及泌尿系统症状评分(6.28±3.51)均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).SCOPA.AUT总分与UPDRS评分、H&Y分级、Schwab和England日常生活得分显著相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或0.05),与病程、年龄无明显的相关性(P>0.05).结论 PD患者自主神经功能障碍随着病情进展而加重,PD患者SCOPA-AUT评分与上、下肢SSR波幅呈负相关,SSR和SCOPA-AUT可作为评价PD患者自主神经功能障碍的客观量化临床指标.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of sympathetic skin response(SSR)and the scale for outcomes in PD for autonomic symptoms(SCOPA-AUT)in autonomic dysfunction and influencing factors of autonomic dysfunction in patients with parkinson's disease(PD).Methods SSR,SCOPA-AUT and unified Parkinson's disease rating scale(UPDRS)were used to evaluate 50 patients with PD.The results were taken from patients with PD and compared with those of 33 control subjects.Results It was significantly different to compare the SSR latency and amplitude of PD patients limbs with those of the normal controls.PD patients had more total SCOPA-AUT score(23.54 4±12.48)and domain scores in gastrointestinal(8.00 4±3.77)and urinary symptoms(6.28±3.51)compared to control subjects(P<0.01).There were significant correlations between the total score with UPDRS.Hoehn-Yabr scale or score of Schwab and England disability scale(P<0.01 or 0.05),and no correlation with duration or age(P>0.05).Conclusions Autonomic dysfunction of PD increased significantly with disease severity.There were significantly negative correlation between the total score of SCOPA-AUT with the limb SSR amplitude(P<0.05)in PD patients.SSR and SCOPA-AUT can act as an objective index to assess autonomic dysfunctions in patients with PD quantitatively.     

Normal values of flash visual evoked potentials in rabbits: Differences between the sexes and the eyes

BACKGROUND: The wave form, latency and wave amplitude of visual evoked potentials (VEP) are obviously affected by the stimulative parameters, physiological status of the subjects and anesthetics, thus there are greater normal variations and individual differences. The features of flash VEP (F-VEP) are to be observed. OBJECTIVE: To observe and compare the differences of F-VEP latencies and wave amplitudes between eyes in rabbits, and investigate the correlation with sex and the side of eyes. DESIGN: A comparative animal experiment. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the neurophysiological laboratory of the Institute of Neurosciences, General Hospital of Chinese PLA from September 2004 to February 2005. Thirty big-ear rabbits of clean degree, 15 males and 15 females, weighing 2.0-2.5 kg, were provided by the animal center of the General Hospital of Chinese PLA. METHODS: Viking-IV perioperative monitor and flash stimulator for special use were applied. The rabbits were anesthetized with intramuscular injection of compound ketamine. The recording electrode was placed at 3 mm anterior to exoccipital tuberosity (onion, Oz), and the reference electrode was placed at the ear edge of the same side. The stimulative frequency was 1.9 Hz, and the amplifier was 50 μV; The range of wave filter was 5 Hz for high pass and 100 Hz for low pass; The average overlapping was 200 times, and the analytical time was 250 ms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of F-VEP wave forms; F-VEP latencies and wave amplitudes. RESULTS: All the 30 rabbits were involved in the analysis of results. ① Comparison of F-VEP wave forms in rabbits: The F-VEP waves mainly manifested as positive-negative-positive (PNP). The F-VEP manifestations to light stimulations were extremely similar between left and right eyes, and the wave amplitudes of both eyes were obviously increased. ② Determinations of F-VEP latencies and wave amplitudes: There were no significant differences in the latencies and wave amplitudes of F-VEP between the two groups (P > 0.05), the latencies of P1, N1 and P2 waves of left eye were (32.59±2.01), (43.85±4.35) and (66.20±8.13) ms, respectively, and the wave amplitudes of P1, N1 and P2 waves of left eye were (16.45±10.22), (7.93±3.56) and (17.62±8.18) μV. F-VEP latencies were stable with small changes, whereas amplitudes had greater changes. CONCLUSION: ① The latency and wave amplitudes F-VEP were stable with good repetition. ② The latencies and wave amplitudes had no significant differences between males and females, as well as between left and right eyes. Further investigation should be undertaken on the animal and clinical field.     

运动神经元病患者的肛门外括约肌肌电图特征

目的总结运动神经元病(motor neuron disease,MND)患者的肛门外括约肌肌电图(EAS-EMG)特点。方法分析20例不同临床亚型MND患者的EAS-EMG资料,并与无二便障碍症状和体征的阴性对照组(对照组)对比。结果与对照组〔(12.21±2.26)ms、(512.89±363.55)(ms.μV)〕比较,MND患者的肛门外括约肌(EAS)运动单位电位(motor unit potential,MUP)平均时限延长〔(14.55±2.27)ms,P=0.000〕,面积增大〔(718.47±236.57)(ms.μV),P=0.05〕,MUP波幅、多相波比例、平均相在两组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 MND患者EAS存在临床下神经源性损害,MUP时限、面积是反映MUP特征的敏感指标。     

肛门括约肌肌电图对多系统萎缩Onuf核损伤的判断

目的分析多系统萎缩的肛门括约肌肌电图特点,探讨其在多系统萎缩Onuf核损伤判断中的价值。方法多系统萎缩患者68例和肌萎缩侧索硬化15例,分别行肛门括约肌肌电图检查,观察静息时有无自发电位;轻收缩(自然状态)时运动单位电位的平均时限、平均波幅、多相波百分比、有无卫星电位;大力收缩(缩肛)时的相型和波幅。对两组各参数进行统计分析。结果多系统萎缩患者组65例(95.6%)肛门括约肌肌电图有不同程度的改变,肌萎缩侧索硬化组未发现异常变化。运动单位电位的平均时限、平均波幅、多相波百分比、自发电位两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.001,P<0.01,P<0.001)。结论多系统萎缩肛门括约肌肌电图的改变,能反映多系统萎缩的Onuf核选择性的弥漫性细胞脱失的特性。在怀疑多系统萎缩Onuf核损伤时,该项检查对损伤的判断有较大价值。     

Anal sphincter EMG does not distinguish between multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease

Clinical distinction of multiple system atrophy (MSA) from Parkinson's disease (PD) is often difficult. Several recent reports indicate that objective classification may be accomplished using electromyographic (EMG) testing of the anal or urethral sphincters, but some authors have found that these tests are not reliable for this purpose. We studied 13 patients with PD and 10 with probable MSA, as diagnosed by consensus of four movement disorders specialists, according to accepted clinical criteria. Anal sphincter EMG was performed blind to the clinical diagnosis. We found no significant differences in the mean duration of motor unit potentials (MUPs), mean MUP amplitude, or prevalence of polyphasic potentials, satellite potentials, very long duration MUPs, or spontaneous activity between the two groups. Thus, anal sphincter EMG does not differentiate between PD and MSA.     

Differential value of external anal- and urethral-sphincter electromyography in multiple system atrophy cerebellar type and spinocerebellar ataxias

ObjectiveClinically differentiating multiple system atrophy cerebellar type (MSA-C) and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) is challenging, especially at early disease stages, because of their similarities in clinical manifestation and imaging results. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of external anal-sphincter electromyography (EAS-EMG) and urethral-sphincter electromyography (US-EMG) for distinguishing between MSA-C and SCAs.MethodsA total of 51 subjects, including 33 MSA-C and 18 SCAs, were recruited. Average duration and amplitude of motor unit potentials (MUPs), percentage of polyphasic MUPs, amplitude during strong contraction and recruitment pattern during maximal voluntary contraction were recorded and analyzed to identify differential diagnostic results of EAS-EMG and US-EMG for MSA-C and SCAs.ResultsSignificant differences in average MUP duration, percentage of polyphasic MUPs, and ratio of simple phase and simple-mix phase using EAS-EMG were noted between patients with MSA-C and SCAs. These same parameters also differed significantly between MSA-C and SCAs male patients using US-EMG.ConclusionsEAS-EMG may serve as a potential method for early differential diagnosis between patients with MSA-C and SCAs. Furthermore, US-EMG could be a supplementary method for males when EAS-EMG is not available.     

斜方肌肌电图在肌萎缩侧索硬化早期诊断中的应用

目的 探讨斜方肌肌电图在检测肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS)延髓部下运动神经元损害中的价值.方法 对100例ALS患者、80例颈椎病患者和100名健康志愿者进行斜方肌肌电图检测,AKS组和颈椎病组同时进行胸锁乳突肌、第一骨间肌、腹直肌、胫前肌肌电图检测,比较3组肌电图的差异.颈椎病组中43例患者进行手术前后斜方肌肌电图比较.结果 ALS组中,病程≤8个月的患者斜方肌肌电图自发电位的出现率高于病程>8个月者[分别为21/30(70%)和28/70(40%),X~2=7.56,P=0.004];斜方肌肌电图与胸锁乳突肌肌电图异常率比较差异无统计学意义.ALS组[波幅(1086.9±152.6)μV,时限(17.2±6.5)ms,多相波23.6%±3.4%]与对照组[波幅(606.7±82.7)μV,时限(11.6±1.8)ms,多相波12.8%±2.2%;q=9.27、4.57、4.12,均P<0.01]、ALS组与颈椎病组[术前,波幅(615.7±90.3)μV,时限(12.1±2.0)ms,多相波13.5%±2.4%]间运动单位动作电位(MUAP)各参数比较,差异有统计学意义(q=8.32、4.25、4.23,均P<0.01).颈椎病患者手术前后斜方肌肌电图MUAP各参数无明显变化,5例术后发现少量自发电位.结论 斜方肌肌电图可作为检测ALS延髓部下运动神经元损害的辅助手段,特别是早期可见自发电位增多. 1.6±1.8)ms,多相波12.8%±2.2%;q=9.27、4.57、4.12,均P<0.01]、ALS组与颈椎病组[术前,波幅(615.7±90.3)μV,时限(12.1±2.0)ms,多相波13.5%±2.4%]间运动单位动作电位(MUAP)各参数比较,差异有统计学意义(q=8.32、4.25、4.23,均P< .01).颈椎病患者手术前后斜方肌肌电图MUAP各参数无明显变化,5例术后发现少量自发电位.结论 斜方肌肌电图可作为检测ALS延髓部下运动神经元损害的辅助手段,特别是早期可见自发电位增多. 1.6±1.8)ms,多相波12.8%±2.2%;q=9.27、4.57、4.12,均P<0.01]、ALS组与颈椎病组[术前,波幅(615.7±90.3)μV,时限(12.1±     

疑似多系统萎缩48例的临床分析

目的探讨多系统萎缩（MSA）的临床特点,为临床诊断提供依据.方法按Gilman 诊断标准,回顾性分析38例拟诊MSA和10例可能MSA患者的临床资料、肛门括约肌肌电图（EAS-EMG）和其他辅助检查.结果本组有橄榄脑桥小脑萎缩（OPCA）15例,Shy-Drager综合征（SDS）20例和纹状体黑质变性（SND）13例.29例行EAS-EMG检查,23例有自发电位.结论临床表现与EAS-EMG等辅助检查结合,可提高MSA的诊断率.     

度洛西汀和西酞普兰对抑郁症患者电刺激痛觉诱发电位P250的影响

目的 探讨不同药理机制的抗抑郁对抑郁症患者电刺激痛觉诱发电位P250的影响.方法 将60例不伴疼痛的抑郁症患者采用随机数字表法随机分为度洛西汀组(30例,口服度洛西汀60 mg/d)和西酞普兰组(30例,口服西酞普兰20～40 mg/d)治疗,并于治疗前、治疗第2周末测定电刺激痛觉诱发电位P250,与对照组(30名,正常健康人)进行比较;对度洛西汀组和西酞普兰组P250下降率与17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD17)评分的相关性进行分析.结果 (1)度洛西汀组和西酞普兰组治疗前P250波幅分别为(36.4±6.8)、(35.2±6.5)μV,均高于对照组[(28.0±5.5)μV],差异有统计学意义(P均=0.000);3组P250潜伏期的差异无统计学意义(P=0.732).(2)度洛西汀组和西酞普兰组治疗第2周末P250波幅分别下降为(31.4±5.7)、(34.0±5.9)μV,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.020,P=0.000);2组治疗前后P250波幅的差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000,P=0.022),P250潜伏期的差异均无统计学意义(P=0.667,P=0.408).(3)度洛西汀组治疗第2周末P250波幅的下降值为(5.0±3.4)μV,下降率为(13±10)%,均高于西酞普兰组[(1.2±2.8)μV,(3±8)%],差异有统计学意义(P=0.000,P=0.000).(4)度洛西汀组和西酞普兰组治疗第2周末P250波幅下降率与HAMD17总分减分率无显著相关性(P=0.318,P=0.287),与焦虑/躯体化因子减分率呈正相关(分别r=0.370、P=0.034,r=0.417、P=0.009).结论 抗抑郁药对P250波幅有下调作用,并可独立于抗抑郁效应;度洛西汀的作用强于西酞普兰.

Abstract：

Objective To explore effects of antidepressants with distinct pharmacological property on electrical pain-related evoked potentials P250 in depression. Methods Sixty cases pain-free depressive inpatients were randomly divided into two groups, treated with duloxetine (60 mg/d, n = 30) or citalopram (20-40 mg/d, n = 30) respectively for 2 weeks. Pain-related evoked potentials P250 was measured before and after treatment, which was contrasted with healthy controls (n=30). Results The amplitudes of P250 were significandy higher in either duloxetine or citalopram group at baseline compared with controls [(36. 4 ±6.8), (35.2±6.5)μV vs. (28.0±5.5) μV , P = 0.000, P=0.000], and decreased significantly at the end of study [(31. 4 ± 5. 7) , (34. 0 ± 5. 9) μV, P =0. 000, P =0. 022 respectively]. Either the absolutely decreased value [(5.0 ±3. 4) μV vs. (1. 2 ±2. 8) μV, P =0.000] or the decreased ratio [(13±10)% vs.(3±8)%,P = 0. 000] of P250 amplitudes were significant higher in duloxetine group than citalopram group.The reduction of P250 amplitudes was not significantly related with the change of HAMD17 total score (P = 0. 318, P = 0. 287) , which was statistically positively correlate with the reduction rate of anxiety/somatization factor in either duloxetine group or citalopram group (r = 0. 370, P = 0. 034; r = 0. 417 , P =0. 009 respectively). Conclusion Duloxetine and citalopram possibly have down-regulating effects on P250 amplitude independent of antidepressant effects, with duloxetine being more effective than citalopram.     

39例多系统萎缩的神经电生理特点分析

目的:观察多系统萎缩(MSA)患者神经电生理改变,探讨神经电生理对MSA的诊断价值。方法:22例行肢体骨骼肌肌电图(EMG)和神经传导速度(NCV)检测,39例均行肛门括约肌肌电图(EAS-EMG)检测,35例行脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)检测,26例行下肢体感诱发电位(SEP)检测,10例行视觉诱发电位(VEP)检测。电生理检查结果与本科检查室正常值比较。结果:肢体骨骼肌EMG和NCV的异常率为36．4％,肛门括约肌EMG异常率为89。7％,均呈神经源性受损表现;诱发电位的异常出现率分别为:BAEP(57．1％)、SEP(34．1％)、VEP(21．4％)。结论:神经电生理检测对于MSA的早期诊断有一定的帮助,可提高诊断的准确性。     

The arginine growth hormone stimulation test in bradykinetic‐rigid parkinsonisms

The arginine growth hormone (GH) stimulation test differentiates the Parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA‐P) from idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of the arginine GH stimulation test in distinguishing between PSP, MSA‐P, and PD. We measured the GH response to arginine in serum samples of 26 MSA‐P, 23 PSP, and 26 PD patients, and in 80 healthy controls. We used ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test to compare GH values and peaks among groups. We used receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to establish the arginine cut‐off level that best differentiated between MSA‐P, PSP, and PD. The GH peak was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in MSA‐P (1.46 ± 0.29 μg/L) than in both PD (8.74 ± 0.98 μg/L) and PSP (6.64 ± 0.82 μg/L) patients, and controls (8.59 ± 0.44 μg/L). Growth hormone peaked later in PSP patients than in PD patients and controls. At a cut‐off level of 4 μg/L, arginine test distinguished MSA‐P from PD with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 96%, and MSA‐P from PSP with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 96%. The GH response to arginine differentiates MSA‐P from PD and PSP with a good diagnostic accuracy. The neuroendocrine response to arginine of PSP patients differed from that of MSA‐P patients, but was not identical to that of normal controls and PD patients. Our results suggest that the impairment of the central mechanisms modulating GH release differs between PSP and MSA‐P. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society