O形臂导航辅助经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定的初步应用

目的探讨O形臂导航辅助经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定的准确性与安全性。方法回顾性分析7例经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定病人的临床及影像学资料。病人均在置钉结束后行O形臂系统3D扫描,按照Gertzbein-Robbins分级评估置钉的准确性。结果 7例病人在O形臂导航辅助下共置入29枚椎弓根螺钉,其中Gertzbein-Robbins分级A级23枚(79.31%),B级4枚(13.79%),C级1枚(3.45%),E级1枚(3.45%)。手术共置入29枚克氏针,其中1枚(3.45%)突破椎体前缘。术中无关节突关节受到破坏。1例出现置钉相关神经并发症行再次手术调整椎弓根螺钉。随访(8.29±2.43)个月,无钉棒置入后相关并发症。结论 O形臂导航辅助经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定具有较高的准确性及安全性。     

应用数字化模板导航颅颈交界区后路螺钉内固定（附9例报告）

目的结合人体解剖学、现代影像学、计算机三维重建、逆向工程技术及快速成形技术,设计一种新的颈椎弓根后路螺钉内固定方法。方法采集患者CT原始三维数据建立颈椎三维模型,导入三维重建软件Amira3．1,虚拟图像上采集拟固定椎弓根数据,应用逆向成形技术（RE）设计进针导航模板,利用激光快速成形（RP）技术制作颈椎模型和导航模板。在该模板导航下,后路螺钉内固定治疗9例颅底畸形。术中利用制作的导航模板与颈椎的后部结构相贴合,通过导航孔进行颈椎椎弓根的定位,植入椎弓根螺钉。术后根据X平片和CT扫描评价椎弓根螺钉的位置。结果建立制作个体化颈椎导航模板的方法,通过RE、RP技术生产出的导航模板具有较好的准确性、安全性、可靠性,适用于颅颈交界区后路螺钉内固定。结论利用RE和RP技术为颅颈交界区后路螺钉内固定定位、固定提供了一种全新、准确、安全、可靠的方法,在神经外科领域具有较大的应用前景,可广泛应用于颅颈交界和胸腰椎椎弓根的固定。     

不适合枢椎椎弓根螺钉植入的颅颈交界区后路螺钉固定方法的选择

目的 评价不适合枢椎椎弓根螺钉植入的颅颈交界区后路固定方法的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾性总结分析自2004年5月至2011年8月,32例未采用枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定患者的临床资料,针对性采用枢椎椎板螺钉、枢椎侧块螺钉和延长固定节段至C3侧块的方法.采用问卷调查、电话和门诊复查进行随访,手术前后分别行MRI及CT薄层扫描及重建,评价脊髓受压程度,螺钉位置及脱位复位程度,6个月后复查CT观察骨融合情况.通过比较术前、术后日本骨科协会(JOA)评分评判患者疗效.结果 32例病例均行钉棒固定,共植入枢椎椎板螺钉14枚,枢椎侧块螺钉13枚,C3侧块螺钉36枚.术中未发生椎动脉和脊髓损伤.1枚椎板螺钉突破枢椎椎板外层皮质,但没有影响到固定的稳定性;1枚枢椎侧块螺钉突入横突孔,但未造成椎动脉损伤.32例病例均获得不同程度的复位,随访中1例病例出现复位丢失.结论 根据个体解剖特点,在不适合植入枢椎椎弓根螺钉时,灵活选择不同的替代螺钉固定方式,可以提高手术的安全性和成功率.但其长期有效性仍有待进一步观察研究.     

计算机导航辅助椎弓根螺钉固定的临床研究

目的椎弓根螺钉固定是脊柱病变切除后稳定性重建的标准方法。常规术中透视监测行颈胸节段椎弓根螺钉固定具有相当挑战性,本文旨在就计算机导航辅助椎弓根螺钉固定技术进行初步分析。方法2005年1月至2006年3月在计算机导航系统辅助下,对21例患者（年龄17～63岁,平均43．4岁）共行102枚椎弓根螺钉固定。术前采用0．75mm薄层螺旋CT数据扫描并导入计算机工作站进行脊柱三维重建;术中进行工具注册和匹配后对椎弓根螺钉固定进行实时显示。术后所有病例均采用CT和X线平片随访监测效果。结果手术顺利,螺钉大小选择合适,102枚椎弓根螺钉中100枚螺钉（98%）固定位置及方向准确,2枚椎弓根螺钉突破椎弓根外壁距离小于2mm。所有操作均未发生血管和神经损伤并发症。术中透视次数及手术室人员所受X线辐射量明显减少。结论计算机导航辅助椎弓根螺钉固定是一项安全的手术,且手术精度高。     

3D打印在颅颈交界区椎弓根螺钉固定中的应用

目的探索3D打印导板引导技术在颅颈交界区疾病椎弓根螺钉固定中的应用价值。方法收集本中心自2015年3月至12月收治的10例病例,在3D打印导板辅助下行椎弓根螺钉内固定术,分别评价患者手术前后的解剖复位水平,椎体骨质融合率,Symon评分、美国脊柱损伤协会神经功能分级及日本骨科协会脊髓疾病评分改善率,同时评估对脊髓、椎动脉等损伤的发生率。结果患者解剖复位满意,骨质均实现融合,颈髓损伤及上肢活动功能均得到不同程度改善,所有病例均未出现颈髓及椎动脉的直接损伤。结论 3D打印计算机辅助导板设计是颅颈交界区疾病椎弓根螺钉固定良好的辅助方法。     

术中CT导航在先天性颅颈畸形后路固定中的应用

目的 探讨术中CT与导航系统在先天性颅颈交界区畸形后路固定手术中的应用价值.方法 本组23例患者畸形复杂,男11例,女12例,年龄19～52岁,平均33.5岁.其中3例外院行单纯后颅窝减压术,采用术中CT导航下后路修补枕颈固定术,12例经口齿状突磨除术后,行二期术中CT导航下后路固定术,单纯行术中CT导航下后路减压固定术8例.结果 导航下后路寰椎侧块、枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定7例,经寰枢关节螺钉固定6例,枕颈钉棒系统固定10例,导航验证准确度平均为1.8 mm(0.6 ～2.2 mm).术中发现2例椎弓根螺钉位置不佳,术中调整后CT验证螺钉位置满意.根据术前及术后6个月Nurick分级,21例(91％)患者症状改善1级以上,2例(9％)患者症状无明显改善.本组病例无术中椎动脉及神经功能损伤等并发症.结论 术中CT结合导航系统可以术中及时评价寰枢关节复位情况和植入螺钉的位置及深度,有效地避免了患者二次手术的风险;对于提高手术定位精度、优化手术路径及提高手术成功率等具有重要意义.     

计算机导航辅助下颅颈交界区畸形的内固定治疗

目的探讨计算机导航在颅颈交界区畸形内固定治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析25例颅颈交界区畸形的病例资料,均在计算机导航辅助下行后路寰枢椎钉棒内固定治疗。术后所有病例随访至少12个月,同时采用日本骨科协会(JOA)脊髓功能评分对病人神经功能进行评估。结果术中导航辅助下行寰椎侧块、枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定15例,经寰枢关节螺钉固定6例,经寰枢关节螺钉联合Brooks技术固定4例;所有病人术中予以植骨融合。末次随访JOA评分由术前的(9.25±2.01)分提高至(14.36±1.97)分,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。所有病人螺钉置入位置满意,未发生椎动脉及神经损伤等并发症。结论计算机辅助导航为术者实施颅颈交界区畸形内固定手术提供重要帮助,在提高术中螺钉置入准确性、减少手术损伤、降低手术并发症等方面有巨大潜力。     

不同术式治疗颅颈交界区畸形的临床疗效探讨

目的探讨颅颈交界区畸形不同外科处理方式的临床效果。方法分析第四军医大学西京医院神经外科2008年4月至2017年6月手术治疗的690例颅颈交界区畸形患者资料。其中,枕骨钉枢椎椎弓根螺钉复位内固定术治疗390例,寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉复位内固定术治疗210例,单纯后路减压术治疗90例。术前日本整形外科协会(JOA)评分为3~13(平均8.20±4.34)分,术后通过对患者的临床症状、JOA评分和影像学改善情况进行1~14个月随访,分析手术疗效。结果随访期内,术后所有患者的临床症状明显减轻,JOA评分为7~16(平均12.13±3.38)分,较术前分值显著提高(t=-5.976,P=0.002)。术后3 d颈椎CT显示所有患者的螺钉位置良好,寰枢关节脱位完全复位者485例,颈髓MRI显示脊髓形态得到一定程度的改善。术后3月颈椎CT显示骨性融合良好,颈髓MRI显示脊髓空洞消失或明显改善者512例。结论根据患者颅颈交界畸形是否稳定而选择不同术式,可取得良好的临床效果。     

Chiari畸形合并颅颈交界畸形的处理策略

目的 探讨Chiari畸形合并颅颈交界畸形的临床特点及治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析56例Chiari畸形合并颅颈交界畸形的临床资料,其中合并颅底陷入35例,寰枕融合25例,颈椎分节不全6例.病人均行颅后窝减压硬脑膜扩大修补术,行小脑扁桃体部分切除术21例.固定方式采用钛缆固定和自体骨移植41例,C<,1>侧块～C<,2>椎弓根螺钉固定和自体骨移植15例.结果 术后发生颅内感染2例,脑脊液切口漏1例.55例随访6～60个月,平均42个月;植骨融合满意52例,钛缆固定和自体骨移植植骨未能融合3例;症状改善51例(92.7%),无变化4例(7.3%);随访期间无死亡病例.结论 Chiari畸形合并颅颈交界畸形应行颅颈交界关节稳定性检查及评估,对有潜在颅颈交界不稳定病人应行后路减压并枕颈植骨固定融合术,单纯后路减压可能加重颅颈交界不稳定,症状难以缓解甚至加重.     

颅颈交界区后路螺钉内固定

目的 报告C2椎弓根螺钉结合C1侧块或枕骨螺钉用于颅颈交界区后路内固定的解剖研究及临床应用结果.方法 福尔马林固定的头颈标本4个,根据解剖标志分别植入C2椎弓根及C1侧块螺钉,然后行CT扫描及重建,观察螺钉位置.2004年5月至2007年1月,利用C2椎弓根一C1侧块/枕骨螺钉内同定9例病人,男4例,女5例,年龄12～68岁,平均38岁;各种原因引起的C1～C2半脱位6例,因颅底凹陷经口腔齿状突切除后1例,斜坡脊索瘤经口腔切除手术前2例;采用C2椎弓根-C1侧块螺钉技术4例,C2椎弓根一枕骨螺钉技术5例,手术后均行CT扫描观察螺钉位置.结果 手术中直接显露C2椎弓根内上缘,并以此确立进钉方向,在椎弓根峡部后缘确定进钉点,可保证C2椎弓根螺钉的安全植入;直接显露C1侧块后正中确立进钉点,可避免螺钉植入过程中的椎动脉损伤.9例病人中,手术后CT复查有2例病人两颗螺钉穿破骨皮质,但末造成血管及神经的压迫,其余螺钉位置均较好;随访4-32个月,1例临床症状较术前无变化,其余8例均改善.结论 C2椎弓根-C1侧块/枕骨螺钉技术可安全有效地用于颅颈交界区内固定.     

3D-Slicer联合sina软件辅助椎弓根置钉在椎管内肿瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨3D-Slicer联合sina软件辅助椎弓根置钉技术在椎管内肿瘤手术中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年1月手术治疗的46例椎管内肿瘤的临床资料。术中应用3D-Slicer联合sina软件辅助定位置钉26例（观察组）,徒手定位置钉20例（对照组）。术后行C臂、CT扫描,按照Gertzbein-Robbins方法评估置钉的准确性。结果 观察组术中射线量、单钉置入时间、术中出血量、术后术区引流量、术后住院时间均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组置钉穿破皮质骨发生率（16.38%）、不良置钉率（5.17%）、术中调整置钉率（18.10%）明显低于对照组（分别31.11%、13.33%、37.78%;P<0.05）。两组血管神经损伤及术后1年内钉棒相关并发症发生率均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 与徒手定位置钉相比,3D-Slicer联合sina软件辅助椎弓根置钉,明显提高置钉的准确性,并具减少手术相关的副损伤,缩短住院时间。     

神经外科手术机器人置入椎弓根螺钉的精准性

目的 探讨神经外科手术机器人在人体腰椎模型进行椎弓根螺钉置入的精准性。方法 利用O型臂影像系统对模型进行正侧位扫描，并三维重建，获取3D-CT数据，传入手术机器人系统，规划椎弓根螺钉的最佳进钉点和进钉方向。手术机器人系统利用3D-CT数据自动注册后，置入椎弓根螺钉。应用置钉前后的3D融合图像，按照Gertzbein-Robbins分级评估置钉的准确性。结果 共置入39枚椎弓根螺钉，其中37枚螺钉完全位于椎弓根内，2枚螺钉突破椎弓根的内壁2 mm以内。螺钉与原规划钉道的平均偏移距离为（1.45±0.67）mm。螺钉在进钉点的滑移方向:内下方16枚（41.03%），外上方6枚（15.38%），下方6枚（15.38%），外下方5枚（12.82%），内上方4枚（10.26%），内方1枚（2.56%），上方1枚（2.56%）。结论 神经外科手术机器人置入椎弓根螺钉具有较高的精准性。     

Pedicle Screw Placement in the Thoracolumbar Spine Using a Novel,Simple, Safe,and Effective Guide-Pin : A Computerized Tomography Analysis

ObjectiveTo improve pedicle screw placement accuracy with minimal radiation and low cost, we developed specially designed K-wire with a marker. To evaluate the accuracy of thoracolumbar pedicle screws placed using the novel guide-pin and portable X-rays.MethodsObservational cohort study with computerized tomography (CT) analysis of in vivo and in vitro pedicle screw placement. Postoperative CT scans of 183 titanium pedicle screws (85 lumbar and 98 thoracic from T1 to L5) placed into 2 cadavers and 18 patients were assessed. A specially designed guide-pin with a marker was inserted into the pedicle to identify the correct starting point (2 mm lateral to the center of the pedicle) and aiming point (center of the pedicle isthmus) in posteroanterior and lateral X-rays. After radiographically confirming the exact starting and aiming points desired, a gearshift was inserted into the pedicle from the starting point into the vertebral body through the center of pedicle isthmus.ResultsNinety-nine percent (181/183) of screws were contained within the pedicle (total 183 pedicle screws : 98 thoracic pedicle screws and 85 lumbar screws). Only two of 183 (1.0%) thoracic pedicle screws demonstrated breach (1 lateral in a patient and 1 medial in a cadaver specimen). None of the pedicle breaches were associated with neurologic or other clinical sequelae.ConclusionA simple, specially designed guide-pin with portable X-rays can provide correct starting and aiming points and allows for accurate pedicle screw placement without preoperative CT scan and intraoperative fluoroscopic assistance.     

Application of different thresholds for instrumentation device testing in minimally invasive lumbosacral spine fixation

The main aim of this study was evaluating the reliability of stimulus-evoked electromyography (using different thresholds for stimulation of the instrumentation devices) for minimally invasive pedicle screw placement in the lumbosacral spine. A threshold of 5 mA was applied for the pedicle access needle. 7 mA was applied for the tapscrew and pedicle screw stimulation. The existence of threshold differences between vertebral levels was also assessed. All patients underwent postoperative computed tomography (CT) to determine the accuracy of pedicle screw placement. A total of 172 percutaneous pedicle screws were placed in 52 patients. 94.1% of screws were placed at L4, L5 and S1 vertebral levels. No statistically significant differences existed in thresholds of the pedicle access needles, tapscrews and pedicle screws between vertebral levels. In four instances, the pedicle access needle stimulation had a threshold of 5 mA (no breaches were associated). In the rest of occasions, the pedicle access needles had stimulation thresholds above 5 mA. In all instances, tapscrew and pedicle screw thresholds were above 7 mA; the tapscrews and pedicle screws had significantly greater thresholds than the pedicle access needles. No statistically significant differences existed in thresholds between tapscrews and pedicle screws. Postoperative CT imaging revealed one lateral pedicle violation. Both breach rate and false negative rate were 0.5%. No false positive cases were observed. No patients experienced postoperative pedicle screw–related neurologic deficits. A threshold of 5 mA for the pedicle access needle stimulation seems to be safe. Greater than 7 mA should be used for the tapscrew and pedicle screw stimulation.     

神经导航在脊柱固定手术中的应用

目的：探讨应用神经导航系统进行椎弓根螺钉植入的优越性及近期疗效。方法在神经导航辅助下,对17例病人植入76枚椎弓根螺钉,记录单个椎体注册时间、钉道准备时间、术中出血量、术中“C”型臂照射次数、导航精度、术中螺钉重植次数及术后并发症;术后行CT检查评价椎弓根螺钉位置。结果平均单个椎体注册时间（6.3±2.1） min,平均钉道准备时间（2.6±1.3） min,平均术中出血量（253±70） ml;平均“C”型臂照射次数（3.5±0.5）;平均导航精度（0.9±0.1） mm。根据Richter法评估螺钉植入位置：优70枚,良5枚,差1枚;优良率98.68%。术中重植螺钉4枚,重植率5.26%。10例病人随访3～7个月,均无明显神经系统阳性体征。结论在神经导航辅助下,术者可以实时监测螺钉植入过程,前瞻性地判断植入椎弓根螺钉的大小、位置,使椎弓根螺钉植入有较高的准确性和安全性。     

枢椎椎板螺钉用于颅颈交界区后路固定的疗效评价

目的 评价枢椎(C2)椎板螺钉固定的安全性及有效性.方法 2004年5月至2010年8月,回顾性总结分析14例C2:椎板螺钉固定患者的临床资料.手术前后分别行MRI及CT薄层扫描及重建,评价脊髓受压程度,螺钉位置及脱位复位程度,3-6个月后复查CT观察骨融合情况.结果 14例患者的28枚螺钉中,27枚位置良好,仅1枚突破C2椎板外层皮质,但没有影响到固定的稳定性;11例脱位患者均获得满意的复位及脊髓减压.随访中13例6个月时骨融合,1例3个月时出现复位丢失.结论 C2椎板螺钉植入简单、安全,但其长期有效性及能否替代C2椎弓根螺钉仍有待进一步观察研究.

Abstract：

Objective To appreciate the safety and efficacy of C2 intralaminar screw fixation.Methods From May 2004 to August 2010,clinical data of 14 patients in which C,intralaminar screw fixation was USed was retrospectively collected and analyzed.MRI and CT were used to evaluate the preand postoperative degree of spinal cord compression,size of the C2 laminae,position of the screws,and degree of dislocation and reduction.CT scan 3-6 months after the operation was repeated to assess the bone fusion.Results Among 28 screws of 14 patients.27 screws were well placed but 1,in which lateral outer cortex breach of the C2 lamina occurred,without influencing the stability of the fixation.Satisfactory reduction and decompression of the spinal cord were achieved in all 11 dislocated patients.Bone fusion was confirmed in 13 of 14 patients 6 months postoperatively.Loss of reduction occurred in 1 patient 3 months after the operation.Conclusions C,intralaminar screw insertion is a simple and safe technique:its long term efficacy needs to be obserred,and further study is necessary to decide whether the technique Can be used as a substitute for C,pedicle screw fixation.     

术中CT导航在上颈椎螺钉固定手术中的应用

目的 为降低椎动脉、神经损伤和螺钉位置偏差等风险,探索应用术中CT实时导航技术完成上颈椎螺钉置入.方法 应用术中CT实时导航技术完成螺钉置入,9例患者中7例颅颈交界区畸形,1例C1～2巨大神经鞘瘤,1例C1～3椎板巨大血管性病变行上颈段螺钉固定,共置钉42枚.结果 根据Madawi定义的合理螺钉位置,9例共置钉42枚,位置满意,其中1例颅颈交界畸形患者二侧高跨椎动脉,1例-侧高跨椎动脉,共3枚C2螺钉为以往螺钉技术的相对禁忌证.所有患者无椎动脉、脊髓或神经损伤,没有穿破骨皮质,复位满意,固定牢靠.结论 使用术中CT三维影像实时导航,可以安全、准确地完成上颈段螺钉固定.

Abstract：

Objective For improvement of safety, avoiding the risk of injury of vertebral artery and nerve tissue, intraoperative CT guided placement of screws in upper cervical spine were performed.Methods Brain LAB Vector Vision system in conjunction with iCT were used for image guidance.42 screws were placed at C1, C2 levels using this technique in 9 patients, including 7 cases of craniovertebral junction malformation, 1 case of C1～2 giant schwannoma, and 1 case of C1-3 giant lamina vascular lesion.Results According to Madawi's definition of rational placement of screw, all 42 screws were placed satisfactorily.For 3 C2 screws, including 1 case of both side and 1 case of one side of high riding vertebral arteries, the placement of them was relative contraindication for traditional techniques.There was no injury of vertebral artery, spinal cord or nerves resulted from the placement of screws.There was no bony breach.Conclusions Intraoperative navigation by 3 -dimensional CT image guidance is helpful for safe and accurate placement of screws in upper cervical spine.     

Fijación lumbar posterior empleando el sistema de imagen quirúrgica O-arm: experiencia inicial

ObjectThe use of transpedicular screw fixation has been widely accepted for the treatment of degenerative and traumatic pathology of the lumbar spine. Complications of spinal instrumentation can be serious. Screw misplacement can result in unintended durotomy, nerve root and/or cauda equina injury. In comparison to fluoroscopy-assisted screw placement, computer-assisted image guidance has been shown to achieve overall higher rates of accuracy. The O-arm is able to obtain computed tomography (CT)-type images with multiplanar reconstruction. In this study we evaluated a cohort of patients who underwent posterior lumbar fusion with pedicle screws utilizing the O-arm imaging system.MethodsA retrospective review of 40 consecutive patients who underwent posterior lumbar fusion surgery with O-arm utilization, was performed. The study population included 14 males and 26 females. Age range was 39-85 years with an average of 63.8 years. Twenty one patients had degenerative lumbar stenosis (52.5%) and 19 had spondylolisthesis (47.5%). Intraoperative CT-images were obtained. The mean time for surgery and screw placement was assessed.ResultsA total of 252 pedicle screws were sited using O-arm navigation system, with a mean of 6.3 screws per patient (range 4-10). On the basis of intraoperative CT, 3 screws were redirected, representing a 98.81% accuracy rate.The mean duration of surgery was 157.2 (90-240) minutes and the mean time for screw placement was 7.13 (3.08-15) minutes per screw.Three patients (7.5%) developed superficial wound infections which were treated conservatively. No patients required a return to the operating room because of screw malposition.ConclusionThe use of intraoperative O-arm imaging system with computer-assisted navigation significantly increases the surgical accuracy and safety of pedicle screw placement in lumbar fusion surgery.     

Fluoroscopic versus CT-guided cortical bone trajectory pedicle screw fixation: Comparing trajectory related complications

Cortical bone trajectory (CBT) pedicle screw fixation is an emerging technique for treatment of degenerative spine disease which requires either intraoperative fluoroscopy or intraoperative CT guidance (iCT). To date, there has been no direct comparison of these two navigation modalities; here we compare fluoroscopic versus iCT navigation for CBT pedicle screw fixation. We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent CBT screw fixation with either fluoroscopic or iCT guidance for lumbar degenerative disease by the senior author. Trajectory-related complications such as medial or lateral breach were compared on postoperative CT, in addition to the incidence of trajectory-related dural tear. We also compared general surgical complications such as postoperative infection and decompression related durotomies. Thirty-eight patients (19 fluoroscopic, 19 CT-guided) who underwent placement of 182 cortical screws (88 fluoroscopic, 94 CT-guided) were identified. In terms of trajectory-related complications, the iCT cohort had fewer medial breaches (1/94) compared to the fluoroscopic cohort (6/88) (p = 0.05). Each group had one lateral breach (p = 0.73). There was one case of CSF leak from screw placement in the fluoroscopic cohort, but none in the iCT cohort (p = 0.48). Overall, there were eight trajectory-related complications in the fluoroscopic cohort versus two in the iCT cohort (p = 0.04). Our data suggests statistically significant decreased trajectory-related complications with iCT-guided CBT screw fixation as compared to fluoroscopically guided. In terms of general surgical complications, while we observed increased postoperative infections in our fluoroscopic cohort, there was no statistically significant difference.     

Use of O-arm for spinal surgery in academic institution in India: experience from JPN apex trauma centre

There is a relatively high incidence of screw misplacement during spinal instrumentation due to distortion of normal anatomy following spinal trauma. The O-arm? is the next-generation spinal navigation tool that provides intraoperative 3-D imaging for complex spine surgeries. In this prospective study over 1-month period, 25 patients (mean age 29.16 years (range 7-58 years), 22 (88%) males) with spinal injury who underwent spinal instrumentation under O-arm? guidance were included. Fall from height (64%) was the most common etiology seen in 16 patients. The majority (68%) had dorsolumbar fractures. Spinal canal compromise was seen in 21 patients (84%). Ten patients (40%) had American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade A injuries, two patients (8%) had grade B, five patients (20%) had grade C, four patients (16%) each had grade D, and grade E injuries. A total of 140 screws were inserted under O-arm guidance. Of these, 113 (81%) were dorsolumbar pedicle screws, 2 were odontoid screws, 12 were anterior cervical screws, and 12 screws (48%) were lateral mass screws. Mean duration of surgery was 4.5 h with a mean blood loss of 674 mL. The mean postoperative stay was 6.3 days. None of the patients had screw malplacement ort canal breach. No patient deteriorated in ASIA grade postoperatively. The system was rated as excellent for ease of use by all faculty using the system. Accurate screw placement provides better patient safety and reduces the in hospital stay thereby leading early patient mobilization and may reduce the cost incurred in patient management.