卡介苗新生期接种和呼吸道合胞病毒感染对小鼠实验性哮喘的联合作用

目的观察卡介苗（BCG）新生期接种和呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染对小鼠实验性哮喘的联合作用.方法新生期小鼠分5组：对照组、鸡卵白蛋白（OVA）组、BCG＋OVA组、RSV＋OVA组、BCG＋RSV＋OVA组,除对照组外,其他各组为哮喘组都进行OVA致敏和激发.最后一次激发后24 h内测气道高反应性,进行支气管肺泡灌洗,观察支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中白细胞数及分类,ELISA方法检测肺泡灌洗液中细胞因子含量和血清中OVA特异性IgE水平,肺组织HE染色进行炎症病理学分析.结果（1）各哮喘组BALF中白细胞总数及各类炎症细胞数都比对照组显著升高.BCG＋OVA组的白细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞和淋巴细胞计数显著低于其他哮喘组（P＜0.05或0.01）.（2）各哮喘组与对照组比较BALF中IL-4水平显著增高（P＜0.05）,IFN-γ水平显著减低（P＜0.05）,4组哮喘组之间两两比较差异无统计学意义.各实验组IL-10水平差异无统计学意义.（3）各哮喘组血清中OVA特异性IgE水平都比对照组明显增高（P＜0.05或0.01）,各哮喘组之间比较差异无统计学意义.（4）随吸入乙酰甲胆碱浓度增加各组气道反应性明显增加.RSV＋OVA组和BCG＋RSV＋OVA组的气道反应性最高,其后依次是OVA组、BCG＋OVA组、对照组.RSV＋OVA组和BCG＋RSV＋OVA组间比较差异无统计学意义.（5）各哮喘组的炎症评分都显著高于对照组.BCG＋OVA组的细支气管周围炎症和支气管周围嗜酸性粒细胞浸润百分率显著低于另外三组（P均＜0.05）,肺泡炎症反应明显低于OVA组和BCG＋RSV＋OVA组（P均＜0.05）.结论新生期BCG接种在OVA致敏/激发的小鼠哮喘模型中能减轻哮喘炎症和气道高反应性,但这种抗哮喘作用可被RSV感染逆转.     

甲磺司特对哮喘大鼠气道炎症及IL-5的影响

目的 探讨甲磺司特（suplatast tosilate, IPD） 对哮喘大鼠IL-5 水平及气道炎症的影响。方法 50 只雄性成年Sprague-Dawley 大鼠（4 周龄）随机分为5 组：对照组、模型组、布地奈德组、IPD 早期干预组和IPD 晚期干预组,每组10 只。采用卵清白蛋白（OVA）致敏、激发,建立支气管哮喘大鼠气道炎症模型。观察肺泡灌洗液（BALF）炎性细胞总数和EOS 百分比,RT-PCR 检测肺组织IL-5 mRNA 的表达,ELISA测定BALF 上清液中IL-5 的含量。结果 模型组BALF 中炎性细胞总数及EOS 百分比、IL-5 含量及肺组织IL-5mRNA 表达量均较对照组明显增高（PP结论 IPD 可减轻哮喘气道炎症反应,可能与其抑制 IL-5 mRNA 的转录有关。     

神经激肽1受体拮抗剂对哮喘小鼠气道炎症和高反应性的影响

目的探讨神经激肽1受体拮抗剂WIN 62,577对哮喘小鼠气道炎症及气道高反应性的影响。方法SPF级BALB/c小鼠32只,随机分为4组:对照组、哮喘组、WIN 62,577干预组、地塞米松组。哮喘组、WIN 62,577干预组、地塞米松组,分别在第0、7、14天给予OVA致敏液0.2 ml腹腔注射;在21 d^28 d每天给予OVA激发液雾化吸入30 min/次,连续7 d;WIN 62,577干预组每次激发前1 h,给予WIN 62,577300μg,腹腔注射;地塞米松组,每次激发前1 h,给予地塞米松2 mg/kg,腹腔注射。无创肺功能仪检测各组小鼠的气道反应性,肺泡灌洗液炎性细胞计数,肺组织HE染色观察小鼠气道炎症情况。结果与哮喘组比较,WIN 62,577干预组小鼠烦躁不安、直立、弓背蜷缩、抓耳挠腮、呼吸急促、口唇发绀等表现减轻。在吸入不同浓度的乙酰胆碱激发后,与哮喘组比较,WIN 62,577干预组和地塞米松组小鼠Penh值明显降低(P<0.05)。与哮喘组比较,WIN 62,577干预组和地塞米松组小鼠肺泡灌洗液中白细胞计数及嗜酸性粒细胞数显著减少(P<0.01)。HE染色显示WIN 62,577干预组小鼠肺组织病理改变明显减轻,支气管上皮无明显脱落,黏膜水肿不明显,平滑肌增生减轻,炎性细胞浸润减轻,与地塞米松组小鼠气道变化相似。结论神经激肽1受体拮抗剂WIN 62,577可减轻哮喘小鼠气道炎症及气道高反应性。     

血管活性肠肽对哮喘小鼠气道炎症及Th17/Treg平衡的影响

目的探讨血管活性肠肽(VIP)对哮喘小鼠气道炎症的影响,以及对Th17细胞/调节性T细胞(Treg)失衡的调控作用。方法将30只BALB/c小鼠随机分成对照组、哮喘组、VIP组,每组10只。利用卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏和激发制作急性哮喘小鼠模型;对照组致敏和激发阶段均以生理盐水代替OVA;VIP组每次OVA激发前,先以VIP溶液(20μg/m L)雾化吸入30 min。留取各组小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液、肺组织等标本。利用苏木精-伊红染色观察肺组织病理变化;ELISA法检测肺泡灌洗液中Th17/Treg相关细胞因子水平;免疫组化及Real-time PCR检测肺组织中Th17细胞特异性转录因子RORγt及Treg特异性转录因子Foxp3表达情况。结果病理组织学结果显示VIP组小鼠肺组织气道炎症表现较哮喘组减轻。哮喘组小鼠BALF中IL-17浓度高于对照组(P0.01),VIP组IL-17浓度较哮喘组降低(P0.01),但仍高于对照组(P0.01)。哮喘组BALF中IL-10浓度低于对照组(P0.01),VIP组IL-10浓度较哮喘组升高(P0.01),但仍低于对照组(P0.01)。哮喘组小鼠肺组织RORγt mRNA及蛋白表达高于对照组(P0.01),Foxp3 mRNA及蛋白表达低于对照组(P0.01);VIP组肺组织RORγt mRNA及蛋白表达水平低于哮喘组(P0.01),Foxp3 mRNA及蛋白表达水平高于哮喘组(P0.05)。结论哮喘小鼠存在Th17/Treg免疫失衡,VIP可通过调控Th17/Treg免疫失衡而改善哮喘小鼠气道炎症。     

布地奈德对哮喘大鼠气道重望及支气管肺泡灌洗液、肺组织中转化生长因子-β1表达的影响

目的探讨布地奈德(BUD)对哮喘大鼠气道重塑及支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)、肺组织中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)的影响,为糖皮质激素在哮喘中的应用提供理论依据。方法健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠60只,随机分为3组,正常对照组、哮喘模型组和BUD治疗组,每组20只。用卵蛋白(OVA)致敏和激发制成哮喘大鼠模型,治疗组应用BUD雾化吸入治疗2周(1mg/kg,30min/次,qod),对照组用生理盐水代替。造模完成后,处死大鼠,左肺行支气管肺泡灌洗,右肺行病理学检查。ELISA法检测BALF上清中TGF-β1的含量,免疫组化法检测肺组织中TGF-β1的表达,Masson染色观察肺组织胶原沉积情况,计算机图像分析仪评价呼吸性细支气管平滑肌厚度(μm)及上皮损伤程度评分等气道重塑指标。结果造模后,模型组大鼠BALF上清液及肺组织中TGF-β1的表达较对照组增多(P<0.01),与气道重塑的指标呈显著正相关;治疗组大鼠BALF上清液及肺组织中TGF-β1的表达较模型组减少(P<0.05),气道黏膜上皮损害、气道平滑肌厚度、气道胶原蛋白的沉积较模型组明显减轻。结论哮喘大鼠BALF及肺组织中TGF-β1的表达增多,加...     

RORγt在支气管哮喘小鼠肺组织中的表达及布地奈德对其抑制作用

目的：观察布地奈德（BUD）对支气管哮喘小鼠肺组织中Th17细胞的特异性转录因子RORγt表达的影响,探讨BUD治疗哮喘的机制。方法：采用卵清蛋白（OVA）致敏方法建立支气管哮喘小鼠模型;Balb/c雌性小鼠30只随机分为对照组、哮喘组、BUD组,每组各10只。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)技术检测小鼠肺泡灌洗液（BALF）、血清中白细胞介素-17（IL-17）水平;对BALF中炎性细胞进行计数;苏木精-伊红（HE）染色评价各组小鼠气道炎症程度;逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法检测肺组织中RORγt mRNA表达水平。结果：哮喘组小鼠BALF、血清中IL-17水平较对照组明显升高（P<0.01）,BUD治疗后IL-17水平明显降低（P<0.01）。肺组织中RORγt mRNA在哮喘组较对照组明显升高（P<0.01）,BUP治疗后RORγt mRNA水平明显降低（P<0.01）。哮喘组细胞总数、中性粒细胞数和嗜酸性粒细胞数均较对照组明显增多（P<0.01）,BUD组细胞总数、中性粒细胞数和嗜酸性粒细胞数与哮喘组比较明显减少（P<0.01）,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。HE染色表明BUD治疗后气管炎性反应明显缓解。结论：哮喘小鼠RORγt表达水平和IL-17水平增高,导致哮喘小鼠的全身和局部炎症反应增强,可能是导致哮喘发生的机制之一。BUD可通过抑制RORγt和IL-17的表达水平,发挥其免疫抑制功能而起到治疗哮喘的作用。     

布地奈德对哮喘大鼠模型肺组织血红素氧合酶-1的调控作用

目的：研究大鼠哮喘模型肺组织血红素氧合酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)蛋白及基因表达特点,以及布地奈德(budesonide,BUD)对HO-1蛋白及基因表达的影响。方法：用卵清蛋白(OVA)致敏、激发大鼠建立哮喘动物模型,并在致敏、激发过程中分别经地塞米松(DXM) 、血晶素(Hemin)及BUD处理。分别测定激发后各组动物全血COHb 的百分比含量;计算肺泡灌洗液（BALF）沉渣中细胞总数和分类百分比;进行支气管周围炎性细胞浸润评分;利用免疫组化和RT-PCR检测方式观察HO-1在哮喘大鼠肺组织的蛋白及基因表达。结果：肺组织的病理改变及BALF细胞学检测显示Hemin (H)组、DXM (D)组和BUD (B)组炎性细胞浸润较哮喘(A)组有显著减轻(P<0.01或P<0.05）。与对照(C)组相比,A、H、D和B组HO-1蛋白、基因表达以及碳氧血红蛋白(COHb)含量显著性升高(P<0.01);而与A组相比,H、D和B组HO-1蛋白及mRNA表达亦显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.05）;D组和H组COHb含量显著升高（P<0.05）。结论：哮喘大鼠的肺组织HO-1表达水平及活性显著增加,提示HO-1可能参与了哮喘的发病过程;HO-1对大鼠哮喘模型气道炎症有保护作用;BUD和DXM对大鼠哮喘模型气道炎症有保护作用,可能通过上调肺组织HO-1表达实现。     

姜黄素对哮喘小鼠气道炎症和气道高反应性的影响

目的 了解姜黄素对哮喘小鼠气道高反应性及气道炎症的影响.方法 对30只Balb/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组、哮喘组及姜黄素干预哮喘小鼠.应用OVA溶液建立哮喘小鼠模型;对各组小鼠进行肺功能的检测;应用Giemsa染色测定各组小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液的炎症细胞计数;HE染色及PAS染色对各组小鼠行肺组织病理学检测;ELISA方法检测各组小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液中的IgE含量.结果 哮喘组小鼠在吸入乙酰甲胆碱(Mch)6.25 g/L浓度后,Penh值显著高于正常对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而姜黄素干预哮喘组较哮喘组明显降低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).哮喘组小鼠气道盥洗液白细胞总数及嗜酸细胞数显著高于正常对照组,两者比较差异统计学意义(P＜0.01),而姜黄素干预哮喘组白细胞及嗜酸细胞数量明显较哮喘组减少,两者比较有差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).哮喘组小鼠中BALF的IgE含量较对照组明显升高,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);而姜黄素干预哮喘组中BALF的IgE含量较哮喘组明显降低(P＜0.01).哮喘小鼠肺组织HE染色中可见支气管和血管壁周围有大量的炎性细胞浸润,以嗜酸细胞和淋巴细胞浸润为主,姜黄素干预哮喘组较其减少.PAS染色哮喘组小鼠杯状细胞、黏液分泌明显增多,姜黄素干预哮喘组较其减少.结论 姜黄素可以减轻哮喘小鼠的气道炎症,减轻气道黏液分泌、降低气道高反应性、降低肺泡灌洗液中的IgE含量.     

哮喘大鼠气道重塑中尾加压素-的表达变化

目的：研究哮喘大鼠气道重塑血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中尾加压素 Ⅱ（U-II）含量的变化及其作用。方法：32只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为正常对照组、哮喘2周组、哮喘4周组和哮喘8周组,每组8只。以卵清白蛋白(OVA)致敏与激发建立哮喘大鼠气道重塑模型,图像分析技术测量大鼠支气管壁总面积和平滑肌面积,计算单位基底膜周径(Pbm)的支气管壁厚度(Wat)和平滑肌厚度(Wam),ELISA法测定血清和BALF中U-II的含量。结果：哮喘各组Wat及Wam均明显高于正常对照组（P<0.01）;哮喘组血清和BALF中U-II含量均显著高于正常对照组（P<0.01）,其中哮喘8周组血清和BALF中U-II含量显著高于哮喘4周组和哮喘2周组（P<0.01）,哮喘4周组也显著高于哮喘2周组（P<0.01）。各组大鼠BALF中的U-II含量与Wat及Wam呈正相关,BALF与血清中U-II含量亦呈正相关。结论：哮喘大鼠气道重塑血清和BALF中U-II含量增加;且U-II含量的变化与气道重塑相关。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（4）：287-289］     

布地奈德对哮喘大鼠内源性H2S、CSE、CBS 体系的调节机制

目的：观察布地奈德对哮喘大鼠血浆硫化氢（H2S）含量和胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶（CSE）、胱硫醚-β-合成酶(CBS) mRNA的表达,探讨内源性H2S、CSE、CBS体系在哮喘发病机制中的作用。方法：Sprague-Dawley大鼠30只随机分成对照组、哮喘组、布地奈德组,每组10只。用鸡卵白蛋白（OVA）致敏与激发建立大鼠哮喘模型。分光光度法测定血浆H2S的含量,RT-PCR 法测定肺组织CSE、CBS mRNA的表达水平。结果：哮喘组血浆H2S的含量（61±16 μmol/L）显著低于对照组（84±15 μmol/L）（P0.05）。哮喘组肺组织CSE mRNA和CBS mRNA的表达水平显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,布地奈德组CSE mRNA和CBS mRNA表达显著低于对照组但高于哮喘组（均P<0.01）。相关性分析结果显示血浆H2S含量和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中炎症细胞总数表达呈显著负相关(n=30, r=-0.549,P<0.01)。结论：哮喘大鼠H2S、CSE、CBS的表达下降,它们的表达下降可能促进了炎症细胞在气道中的聚集,布地奈德改善哮喘炎症的机制可能部分通过内源性H2S、CSE、CBS体系起作用。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（8）：654-657］     

标准化屋尘螨变应原特异性免疫治疗对儿童变应性鼻炎合并哮喘的临床疗效

目的 评估标准化屋尘螨变应原特异性免疫治疗(specific immunotherapy,SIT)对儿童变应性鼻炎合并哮喘的临床疗效.方法 选择我院42例接受标准化屋尘螨SIT的变应性鼻炎合并哮喘儿童为研究对象.所有患儿治疗前、治疗1年后均进行变应原皮肤点刺试验、测定血清屋尘螨和粉尘螨特异性IgE水平、进行肺功能测定和自觉症状评分.结果 治疗1年后屋尘螨和粉尘螨的皮肤指数和自觉症状评分均较治疗前显著降低(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),而治疗前后屋尘螨和粉尘螨特异性IgE水平、肺功能(肺活量、第1秒用力呼气量、最大呼气中段流量)均无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 变应性鼻炎合并哮喘儿童给予SIT1年后其皮肤敏感性显著改善,临床症状明显好转,但对气道炎症的影响有待于进一步的观察.     

House dust mite allergen reduction and allergy at 4 yr: Follow up of the PIAMA-study

Exposure to high allergen levels in early life is a risk factor for the development of allergy. We previously reported limited effects of mite allergen impermeable mattress covers in the prevention and incidence of asthma and mite allergy (PIAMA) cohort at the age of 1 and 2 yr. We now present the results of follow-up at 4 yr objectives. To examine the effects of early reduction of house dust mite (HDM) allergen exposure by means of mattress covers on the incidence of allergy and asthma symptoms in the PIAMA birth cohort at the age of 4 yr. High-risk children (allergic mother) were prenatally recruited and randomly allocated to three groups; receiving mite allergen impermeable mattress covers (n = 416), placebo covers (n = 394) or no intervention (n = 472). At 4 yr of age, atopy was assessed by questionnaire; specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) to inhalant and food allergens was measured in serum. Dust samples collected from the children's mattresses were analysed for mite allergens. Dermatophagoides farinae1 allergen (Der f 1) levels in dust were reduced in the active group. However, Dermatophagoides pteronissinus 1 (Der p 1) levels, sensitization and atopic symptoms were similar in all groups. We found no effect of mite allergen impermeable mattress covers on sensitization and atopy at 4 yr. Moreover, the allergen reducing effects of the covers had disappeared for one of the two mite allergens that were measured.     

Frequency of sensitization to D. pteronyssinus or D. farinae in children with perennial bronchial asthma

Bronchial sensitization against house dust mites (dermatophagoides farinae, dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) was investigated in 48 children. The therapeutic effect of hyposensitization and removal of house dust mite allergen was evaluated. The diagnosis was established by skin-prick-test, RAST and bronchial provocation. The bronchial provocation test was carried out by a whole body plethysmograph with breath by breath registration of the airway resistance. We found a bronchial reaction against both mites in 70% of the children; 18% showed bronchial reaction only against d. farinae, 10% only against d. pteronyssinus. There was a better correlation between RAST and bronchial provocation (69,5%) than between skin-prick-test and bronchial provocation (65%). The correlation concerning the skin-brick-test and RAST was 55% with d. farinae and 59% with d. pteronyssinus. There was no correlation between PRIST and RAST, RAST and eosinophiles, therapeutic effects of hyposensitization and positive allergen tests. After one year of therapy, the conditions of 87,5% (only mite sensitization) respectively 92% (mixed sensitization) of patients improved. Another group of sensitized children was only treated by removal of house dust mite allergen and anti-allergic and bronchodilating drugs. 43% (mixed allergy) respectively 54% (only mite sensitization) had less asthma problems. After the hyposensitization the children showed a significant improvement. There was no difference in the therapeutic effect after hyposensitization against d. farinae or d. pteronyssinus.     

屋尘螨皮下特异性免疫治疗的哮喘患儿肺功能及免疫学动态变化

目的：动态观察屋尘螨变应原皮下特异性免疫治疗对哮喘患儿的肺功能和免疫学影响。方法：屋尘螨过敏的轻中度哮喘患儿32例,分成治疗组(n=15)和对照组(n=17)。治疗组吸入糖皮质激素的同时加用屋尘螨变应原皮下特异性免疫治疗,对照组仅予吸入糖皮质激素治疗。检测治疗前、治疗后3月、6月、12月、18月、24月肺通气功能,观察治疗前、治疗后12月及24月哮喘发作次数并测定血清总IgE、屋尘螨特异性IgE、屋尘螨特异性IgG4、嗜酸细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）、IL-10、IL-4及IFN-γ的变化。结果：治疗组患儿治疗后肺通气功能各项参数稳定在正常或接近正常水平;无哮喘急性发作病例的百分率治疗后高于治疗前,随治疗时间的延长而增加（P<0.05）;治疗后屋尘螨特异性IgG4高于治疗前,随着治疗时间延长而增加（P<0.01）;治疗后血清总IgE、屋尘螨特异性IgE、ECP、IL-10、IL-4、IFN-γ水平与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义。对照组患儿治疗前后各项指标比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论：屋尘螨过敏的轻中度哮喘患儿经屋尘螨变应原皮下特异性免疫治疗2年后,肺通气功能保持正常或接近正常,无哮喘急性发作病例增加,可能与血清屋尘螨特异性IgG4浓度增高有关。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（9）：715-719］     

Exposure to indoor allergens and development of allergy

House dust contains several indoor allergens which can elicit hypersensitivity and various atopic symptoms, especially in childhood. This review article focusses on house dust mite hypersensitivity to one of the most important species, Dermatophagoides , as a model. A clear dose-response relationship has been demonstrated between house dust mite allergen exposure in mattress dust samples and sensitization, i.e. serum IgE to Dermatophagoides and positive histamine release from basophil leukocytes to one of the major allergens from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p I. 2 μg major allergen of Dermatophagoides /g of dust and 8 μg major allergen of cat/g of dust have been suggested to be threshold concentrations above which the risk of sensitization in genetically predisposed atopic children is significantly increased. Epidemiological studies showed house dust mite allergens to be one of the most important risk factors in the development of atopic airway disease. A relation between age at onset of the first wheezing episode and house dust mite allergen exposure at the age of 1 year has been observed. There are various factors influencing house dust mite growth, and many studies have been performed to reduce house dust mite allergen exposure. Until now, none of the approaches appeared to have achieved sufficient mite and mite allergen reduction.     

黄芪对哮喘大鼠肺组织信号转导子和转录激活子4表达的调控

目的观察黄芪对大鼠哮喘模型肺组织信号转导子和转录激活子4（STAT4）蛋白及其mRNA表达的影响。方法用卵清白蛋白建立哮喘模型,SD大鼠随机分成4组：正常对照组、哮喘组、低剂量黄芪组和高剂量黄芪组,每组10只鼠。留取支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）进行嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）计数和分类计数;应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验法测定BALF中IL-4和IL-12浓度;采用免疫组化法和原位杂交法分别检测STAT4蛋白和STAT4 mRNA的表达。结果（1）哮喘组BALF中EOS绝对值和EOS占细胞总数的百分比[（EOS％）（35．8±7．3）×10^7／L,（8．20±1．75）％]均显著高于正常对照组[（1．5±1．0）×10^7／L,（0．70±0．48）％]（P〈0．01）,黄芪组上述指标[（14．9±2．4）×10^7／L,（4．70±0．82）％;（11．0±1．8）×10^7／L,（3．56±0．53）％]均低于哮喘组（P〈0．01）;（2）BALF中IL-4浓度（ng／L）哮喘组（25．70±7．36）显著高于对照组（8．55±2．97）（P〈0．01）,黄芪组[（13．87±3．61）,（11．67±3．05）]均显著低于哮喘组（P〈0．01）;BALF中IL-12浓度（ng／L）哮喘组（16．10±3．38）显著低于对照组（42．33±9．66）（P〈0．01）,黄芪组[（31．89±5．46）,（35．26±6．03）]均显著高于哮喘组（均为P〈0．01）;（3）免疫组化和原位杂交显示,哮喘组肺组织STAT4蛋白和STAT4 mRNA表达的强度[（0．096±0．012）,（0．098±0．011）]均低于对照组[（0．216±0．034）,（0．228±0．032）],黄芪组[（0．176±0．012）,（0．185±0．023）;（0．183±0．011）,（0．201±0．019）]较哮喘组均明显升高（均为P〈0．01）,其主要表达细胞是气道平滑肌细胞和肺细小动脉的血管平滑肌细胞及内皮细胞;（4）肺组织中STAT4及其mRNA表达分别与BALF中的IL-12浓度呈显著正相关（r=0．897、0．910,P〈0．01）;而与BALF中的IL-4浓度、EOS数量均分别呈显著负相关[（r=-0．693、-0．668,P〈0．01）,（r=-0．891、-0．897,P〈0．01）]。结论黄芪有抑制哮喘气道EOS性炎症的作用,上调气道平滑肌细胞、血管平滑肌细胞及内皮细胞STAT4蛋白及其mRNA表达,使IL-12合成增加可能为其作用机制。     

大鼠发育早期接触变应原对Th1/Th2亚群功能及哮喘发生的影响

目的 探讨妊娠期母鼠及其子代接触尘螨点刺液（Der p）对发育后期个体Th1/Th2平衡及哮喘发生的影响。方法 Wistar大鼠根据母体妊娠期及新生早期是否接触Der p随机分为对照组、母Der p-仔Der p-组（母鼠和其子代均未接触Der p）、母Der p+仔Der p+组（母鼠和其子代均接触Der p）和母Der p+仔Der p-组（母鼠接触Der p,其子代未接触Der p）,分别皮下注射Der p或生理盐水,30 d龄时除对照组外,其余3组以卵白蛋白（OVA）为变应原致敏并雾化吸入,诱发哮喘发生。取血浆检测OVA特异性IgE抗体、收集外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）用ELISA法检测培养上清中细胞因子IL-4和IFN-γ水平,行支气管肺泡灌洗记录支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中嗜酸性粒细胞的计数,留取肺组织行病理学检查。结果 母Der p+仔Der p+组在哮喘建模后PBMC培养上清中IFN γ水平显著低于母Der p-仔Der p-组,IL-4水平显著升高,IL-4/IFN-γ比值升高,OVA特异性IgE、BALF中嗜酸性粒细胞计数显著高于母Der p-仔Der p-组;母Der p+仔Der p-组与母Der p-仔Der p-组IL-4和IFN-γ水平差异均无统计学意义,OVA特异性IgE水平虽有增高,但差异不具统计学意义,BALF中嗜酸性粒细胞计数差异无统计学意义。母Der p+仔Der p+组Th2优势显著高于母Der p+仔Der p-组。 结论 胎鼠对于Der p跨胎盘的致敏作用可通过母体妊娠期间的免疫来完成,这一过程会根本上导致Th2优势免疫的发生,增加了变态反应性疾病的危险性。     

Cockroach allergy in a group of Turkish children with respiratory allergies

Exposure to cockroach may lead to exacerbations of bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis in sensitized patients. Although there is a widespread belief that cockroach allergy is a common problem in patients with respiratory allergies, little is known in Turkish children. In order to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of cockroach allergy in respiratory allergic children, we performed a study in newly referred children with respiratory allergies. All patients underwent questionnaire-interview and skin prick tested with common inhalant allergens in addition to two cockroach allergens: Blatella germanica (Bg) and Periplaneta americana (Pa). A subgroup of patients was also serologically investigated for specific IgE against Bg and house dust mite. Three hundred- and thirty-seven children aged 2-16 years were recruited for the study and 77.7% of these were atopic, with the most common indoor and outdoor allergens of house dust mite (47.5%) and grass pollens (45.1%), respectively. According to the prick test results, allergies to Bg and Pa were 11.9% and 7.4%, respectively, and there was a weak correlation between size of the prick test and specific IgE levels for Bg allergen. Almost 30% of the cockroach-sensitive patients were allergic to both cockroach antigens. Seventy percent of cockroach-sensitive patients were also sensitive to house dust mite, and only 1% were monosensitive. Dwellings in the Middle Anatolia and Black Sea regions were less commonly infested by cockroach compared to the dwellings in other regions. In conclusion, our preliminary study showed that cockroach sensitization is common among children with respiratory allergies irrespective of infestation history, suggesting that addition of cockroach allergen to the routine allergy screening panel is critical.     

尘螨标准化免疫治疗85例哮喘儿童疗效相关指标分析

目的 观察哮喘特异性免疫治疗(Specific immunotherapy,SIT)过程中变应原注射时间、变应原累积注射量及糖皮质激素吸入剂量、最高呼气流量、总IgE、螨特异性IgE等的变化.方法 根据纳入标准选择2005年2月-2008年6月我院哮喘免疫治疗中心就诊的过敏性哮喘患儿,进行同期对照回顾性分析,其中治疗组接受尘螨标准化变应原特异性免疫治疗,以每4次变应原注射为观察点,历时3.4年,观察治疗时间、变应原累积注射量、糖皮质激素吸入量、最高呼气流量变化、总IgE和螨特异性IgE变化,对照组仅行药物治疗,比较两组糖皮质激素吸入量及哮喘发作情况,并在SIT结束时评估疗效.结果 SIT组85例,男45例,女40例,年龄(7.6±1.4)岁,对照组病例50例,单纯药物治疗,男28例,女22例,年龄(7.7±1.5)岁.SIT第20次注射、治疗(38.7±2.4)周时,变应原累积注射量达(69.7±4.8)μg,糖皮质激素吸入量明显少于对照组(t=2.359,P＜0.05);SIT组最高呼气流量较治疗前升高,有统计学意义(F=7.874,P＜0.05);SIT前后总IgE变化无统计学意义(t=0.313,P＞0.05),螨特异性IgE变化无统计学意义(tDerp=0.517,tDerf=0.717,P＞0.05);SIT组疗程结束时患儿家长对病情主观评价:45.9%表示明显好转,36.5%表示中度好转,16.5%表示稍有好转,1.1%表示无改变;两组患儿在治疗结束时进行疗效评估,SIT组控制率达85.5%,对照组为62.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(x2=10.150,P＜0.01),提示SIT有效..结论 哮喘特异性免疫治疗第20次注射后,螨过敏性哮喘患儿糖皮质激素吸入剂量显著减少;85%以上患儿在SIT结束时哮喘得到控制;总IgE和螨特异性IgE变化无统计学意义.