正常胎儿标本肾脏体积与胎龄相关性的磁共振研究

目的 利用3.0T磁共振成像精确测量正常胎儿标本双侧肾脏的宽径、厚径、长径及肾脏体积,并分析其与孕周的相关关系,了解正常胎儿标本在不同孕周其肾脏的发育情况.方法 22例20～27周无泌尿系统异常的胎儿标本接受3.0T磁共振肾脏（0.9mm层厚、0.5mm层间距）扫描,测量正常胎儿标本肾脏宽径、厚径、长径及体积.结果 ①胎儿标本平均肾脏宽径由20周的（0.97±0.16）cm逐渐增长至27周的（1.40±0.12）cm,与GW相关系数r=0.739（P＜0.01）,肾脏宽径随孕周呈线性增长（P＜0.01）;②胎儿标本平均肾脏厚径由20周的（1.11士0.23）cm逐渐增长至27周的（1.40±0.08）cm,与GW相关系数r=0.584（P＜0.01）,肾脏厚径随孕周呈线性增长（P＜0.01）;③胎儿标本平均肾脏长径由20周的（1.78±0.10）cm逐渐增长至27周的（2.60±0.32）cm,与GW相关系数r=0.718（P＜0.01）,肾脏长径随孕周呈线性增长（P＜0.01）;④胎儿标本平均肾脏体积由20周的（1.26±0.29）cm^3逐渐增长至27周的（3.34±0.25）cm^3,与GW相关系数r=0.870（P＜0.01）,肾脏体积随孕周呈线性增长（P＜0.01）.结论 MRI可准确测量胎儿肾脏宽径、厚径、长径及体积,评价中孕期胎儿肾脏形态、大小及体积发育情况,MRI可以作为胎儿肾脏产前超声检查的重要补充检查及进一步验证方法,具有很高的临床应用价值,可为胎儿发育提供更多参考数据,为产科临床工作提供科学依据.     

扩散加权成像在正常胎儿脑发育中的应用

目的 探讨扩散加权成像(DWI)对正常胎儿脑发育的评估价值.方法 回顾性分析40例正常胎儿脑DWI表现,孕周19～39周,平均33.6周.在ADC图上分析总结正常胎儿脑表现特征,并测量脑干、双侧小脑半球、基底节区、丘脑、颞叶白质、额叶白质、枕叶白质、半卵圆中心及顶叶白质的ADC值,分析不同部位ADC值随孕周变化的规律.结果 在ADC图上,胎儿幕上脑实质表现为信号强度不同的分层状结构,随孕周增加分层减少.双侧大脑半球间对称部位ADC值无显著性差异.幕上深部白质平均ADC值高于小脑半球、脑干及深部灰质核团,顶叶ADC值最高(1.62 ±0.17) mm/s,脑干ADC值最低(1.08±0.13) mm/s.胎儿脑干、双侧小脑半球、基底节区、丘脑、颞叶白质、枕叶白质、半卵圆中心及顶叶白质ADC值与胎龄呈负相关,小脑半球相关系数最高(r=0.78),枕叶相关系数最低(r=0.38),额叶与胎龄无线性相关(P＞0.05).小脑半球ADC值随胎龄增长下降最快(b=0.03).结论 DWI可应用于正常胎儿脑发育的评估,为胎儿脑发育的产前诊断及预后提供重要信息.     

组织多普勒技术在妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎儿心脏功能评价中的应用

目的:探究组织多普勒(TDI)技术在妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)胎儿心脏功能评价中的应用价值.方法:选取220例GDM孕妇(血糖控制良好组133例,血糖控制不良组87例)和220例正常妊娠孕妇(对照组),按照孕周分为24～27+6周、28～31+6周、32～35"周、36～40周.应用TDI技术测量胎儿心脏房室瓣环舒张早期运...     

产前四维超声筛查胎儿唇裂最佳时间的临床分析

目的：探讨产前四维超声筛查胎儿唇裂的最佳时间临床价值。方法利用四维超声检查对202例不同孕周孕妇的检查图像进行对比分析,探讨对胎儿唇裂的最佳诊断时间。结果本文202例孕妇经四维超声检查后获得满意的面部图像192例,而因为羊水过少、胎儿位置不当等因素而导致超声图像不满意者10例。在192例获得满意胎儿面部图像中孕18周～49例,满意显示率为79．03％,此期胎儿面部瘦削,图像质量显示稍差;孕22周～72例,满意显示率为92.31％;随孕周的增长,胎儿面部越来越丰满,鼻唇部结构越来越清晰。孕26周～34例,满意显示率为82．93％;孕32～36周16例,满意显示率为76．19％;超声显示不佳,可能与面部羊水过少、胎龄过大,面部与其它器官接触较近,难于分辨有关。经统计学分析发现孕22～26周孕妇的四维超声显示效果最高,其满意显示率明显优于孕18周～、孕26～、孕32～36,且差异具有统计学意义。结论四维超声检查最好在孕中期进行,我们体会最佳时间应在22～26周,是胎儿畸形检查的最佳时期。     

人胚胎第四颈椎发育与胎龄关系MRI研究

目的测量20~37周正常胎儿标本第四颈椎(C4)椎体各参数随孕周变化的规律,完善胚胎脊椎发育影像解剖数据。方法利用3.0T磁共振对41例20~37孕周(男,21例;女,20例)胎儿标本行3D-T_2WI和T_2WI-SPC序列扫描,测量不同孕周C4椎体生长参数并行统计分析,得出各参数随孕周变化的曲线。结果 C4椎体的各参数的变化随孕周变化呈线性相关,不同性别在各参数中无统计学差异。结论 C4椎体作为典型中位颈椎椎体的代表,其动态生长发育呈线性增长趋势,与胎龄相关的C4椎体的生长参数参照区间对评估先天性脊柱发育缺陷有重要参考价值。     

胎儿基底核区发育的高场强MRI研究

目的 应用高场强MRI探讨胎儿基底核区的发育规律.方法 选取131例14～40孕 周胎儿标本,先行3.0 T MR扫描,从中选取11例14～27孕周标本再行7.0 T MR扫描.在上述MR图像上分析基底核区各结构的出现时间及信号变化.结果 在3.0 T MR图像上,14孕周时基底核区仅背侧丘脑能够辨别,15孕周时能辨识生发基质、尾状核与壳,18孕周时能显示苍白球,20孕周时内囊与外囊显示清晰.尾状核在15～30孕周时与脑白质的信号强度相比,在T1WI上呈低信号,T2WI上呈高信号,31～40孕周,在T1WI聊上呈高信号,T2WI上呈低信号.壳在15～17孕周时,在T1WI上呈高信号,T2WI上呈低信号,18～25孕周呈现斑块状外观,26～30孕周在T1WI上呈低信号,T2WI上呈高信号,31～40孕周在T1WI上呈高信号,T2WI上呈低信号.苍白球20孕周后T1WI上呈高信号,T2WI上呈低信号.与3.0 TMRI相比,7.0TT2WI更加清晰,16孕周时生发基质、尾状核、豆状核、背侧丘脑、内囊与外囊均显示清晰,18孕周时能辨别出屏状核.结论 3.0 T MR/可以较好地显示发育中的胎儿基底核区的结构.在14～21孕周,7.O T T2WI比3.0 T MR图像更好地显示胎儿基底核区的结构.     

正常胎儿腹围的MRI测量研究

目的:通过MRI精确测量胎儿腹围(AC),探讨其与孕周(GA)关系.方法:MRI扫描未见明显异常之胎儿307例,胎龄24～38周,测量胎儿腹围,对结果与孕周的关系进行相关与回归分析.结果:正常胎儿腹围随孕周变化的一元线性方程为:AC=-53.324+10.727×GA (r2=0.808,P＜0.01).结论:胎儿腹围与孕周变化显著相关,测量结果为评估胎儿的发育情况提供一项量化的参考指标.     

胎儿脐带囊肿1例超声表现

孕妇 27岁.孕1产0.孕36周,使用彩超仪,探头频率3～5加MHz,超声检查:胎儿各项发育指标未见异常,羊水量正常、透声好,胎盘成熟度为Ⅱ级.     

胎儿主要器官的正常解剖及MR表现

目的了解胎儿主要器官的正常解剖及MR表现。方法对47例胎儿行快速MR成像检查，使用序列为单次激发快速自旋回波序列，观察主要正常器官的解剖和MR表现，包括脑、肺、心脏、肝、脾、胃肠道、肾脏、膀胱、骨骼、脊柱和皮下脂肪，并按不同的胎龄分组观察。结果47例胎儿MR检查结果表明：孕20周时，胎儿各主要器官均已发育。20周左右，大脑皮层光滑，无脑回、脑沟，之后脑回、脑沟逐渐缓慢形成；肺、气管、支气管均呈高信号，心脏、大血管及肝脾呈低信号，胃肠道、肾孟肾盏、膀胱呈高信号，肾实质为等信号，骨骼、肌肉呈低信号；脊柱20周已形成，皮下脂肪20周可见，随胎龄增长逐渐增多。结论快速MR成像能清楚显示胎儿各主要器官的正常解剖和发育变化，胎儿主要器官的解剖和MR表现与新生儿有较大的差别。     

高原乏氧对不同胎龄胎儿发育的影响

本文通过不同胎龄胎儿１４２例进行直接测量体重、身长、顶臀长、头围、胸围的值来研究高原乏氧对不同胎龄胎儿发育的影响。结果：①１３～１６孕周胎儿开始体重低于海平面、两组比较有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），到出生较海平面体重低３６９～４４０克；②胎儿于１３～１６孕周体重衡至指数（ＰＩ）明显高于海平面；③顶臀长于９～１２孕周开始低于海平面，两组对比有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；④身长于１７～２０孕周开始低于海平面、两组对比有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

磁共振DWI和动态增强鉴别颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强在颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实且影像学有鞍区破坏的颅底脊索瘤患者15例、向鼻咽部侵犯的IPA患者20例.测量二者的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析动态增强曲线的类型,统计达峰时间(TTP)、增强峰值(EP)和最大对比增强率(MCER),分析各个参数在鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 颅底脊索瘤的ADC值为(1.274±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,高于IPA ADC值(0.672±0.03) ×10-3 mm2/s(P ＜0.001),ADC阈值为0.964×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线下面积为0.997,敏感度为93.3％,特异度为100％.颅底脊索瘤时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)Ⅰ型14例,TICⅢ型1例,此例TICⅢ型者TTP约40 s;IPA TIC Ⅰ型7例,TICⅢ型13例.颅底脊索瘤和IPA的EP、MCER差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 ADC值和TIC的类型及其相关参数(EP,MCER)有助于颅底脊索瘤和IPA之间的鉴别.     

Treatment of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistula in hepatocellular carcinoma with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be one of the most common malignancies with an incidence of approximately one million cases per year and a dismal prognosis; some authors have reported a median survival of 1 ～ 2 months after diagnosis. Although surgery remains the only hope for cure, few patients are candidates[1,2].     

U50,488H对正常及缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用

目的 探讨心脏阿片受体和β-受体相互作用的机制。方法 采用全细胞膜片钳技术，观察U50，488H(β-阿片受体选择性激动剂)对正常和缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用。结果 U50，488H剂量依赖性(0．1～100μmol／L)抑制正常心肌细胞的L型钙电流及异丙肾上腺素(0．1μmol／L)激动的钙电流，而细胞缺氧后，这一抑制作用减弱；U50，488H对Forskolin(10μmol／L)激动的L型钙电流无明显影响。结论 β-阿片受体对β-受体信号的负性调节作用在细胞缺氧后减弱，其作用位点可能发生于β-受体与腺苷酸环化酶环节之间。     

Overtraining syndrome : la piste de la suractivité ?

Introduction

Overtraining is clearly a multifactorial disturbance. We aimed at evaluating the relative importance of overactivity and nutritional imbalances.

Methods

A comparison of 17 footballers with seven subjects with a diagnosis of overtraining evidenced that the two groups differ by energy expenditure resulting from physical activity (1573 ± 378.6 kcal/d from 804.7 ± 184.7 kcal/d) while food intake does not exhibit significant differences.

Conclusion

In this sample of subjects, inadequate food intake is found in both groups, so that overtraining appears rather characterized by a higher level of physical activity. Therefore, a relative energy deficit resulting from overactivity rather than dietary mistakes appears to explain the syndrome in these athletes, who are thus truly “overtrained”.     

Prenatal detection of brain anomalies with ultrasonography

Ultrasound is the first-line imaging study of the fetal brain performed at 12, 22 and 32 weeks of gestation. The very structured evaluation of biometric and morphological data, facilitated by the use of a checklist, ensures a high quality examination. All patients where an anomaly of any key element is suspected should be referred to a center dedicated to prenatal diagnosis for confirmation irrespective of the gestational age. Prenatal diagnosis plays a significant role in France since medical interruption of pregnancy until term is authorized.     

Sexual homicide: Brief review of the literature and case report involving rape,genital mutilation and human arson

The objective of the current paper is to report a new case of sexual murder involving human arson and summarize the literature on the phenomenon of sexual homicide. The present case study is unprecedented in Greece and a rarity in international literature due to the fact that the victim suffered genital mutilation and incineration while still alive. The evaluation consisted of 176 articles; 53 were reviewed by the authors. The results revealed sparse, but significant, research findings. The authors discuss the limitations regarding research, incidence of the phenomenon, crime-scene patterns, offender characteristics (killing methods, motive inferences, sociodemographic data, classifications, psychopathology, modus operandi), and victim selection. The incidence of the phenomenon is unclear (1–4%) due to non-standardized criteria. It is an expression of displaced anger or sexual sadism and/or a way to elude detection (ancillary benefit). Most offenders (in their first kill) and victims were in their late 20s to early 30s and belong to Caucasian populations. Personal weapons were commonly used against women, strangulation is the prevalent killing method against children, and firearms against men. Most of the sexual homicide perpetrators are non-psychotic at the time of the attack, but experience personality pathology, primitive defenses, pathological object relations, and withdrawal into fantasy in order to deal with social isolation.