乳腺浸润性导管癌的钼靶X线和MRI表现

目的 :分析乳腺浸润性导管癌的钼靶X线特征及MRI表现 ,以提高其诊断正确率。材料和方法 :回顾性分析了3 8例经病理证实的乳腺浸润性导管癌的钼靶X线表现及 5例MRI表现。结果 :钼靶X线阳性表现 3 5例 ( 92 .1% ) ,其中显示肿块影 2 4例 ( 63 .2 % ) ,毛刺影 18例 ( 4 7.4% ) ,针尖状钙化影 3 3例 ( 86.8% ) ;MRI阳性率 10 0 %。结论 :乳腺浸润性导管癌钼靶X线表现较具特征性 ,是首要影像学检查手段 ,MRI检查敏感性高 ,有助于临床制定合理的治疗方案。     

钼靶X线征象与不同类型乳腺癌关系的病理基础研究

目的:探讨不同类型乳腺癌的X线表现与其病理基础之间的关系。方法:经乳腺X线检查,手术、病理证实的乳腺癌36例,共36个病灶,包括浸润性导管癌26个,导管内癌及导管内癌伴微浸润7个,浸润性小叶癌2个,黏液腺癌伴浸润性导管癌1个。观察乳腺癌的X线表现,与病理分型对照。结果:①癌灶的X线表现有肿块者23个(63.9%),有钙化者18个(50%),有结构扭曲者3个(8.3%);②呈肿块表现的以浸润性导管癌为主,占87.9%;有钙化者易出现在导管内癌和浸润性导管癌中,分别占87.5%、42.3%,尤其单纯钙化多出现在导管内癌中(71.4%,5/7);结构扭曲可见于浸润性导管癌和导管内癌中,其它类型未见。结论:肿块、钙化和结构扭曲为乳腺癌的主要X线表现。浸润性导管癌占乳腺癌的大部分,除单纯钙化首先考虑导管内癌,其余征象均首先考虑浸润性导管癌;肿块改变尚要想到髓样癌和黏液腺癌的可能;结构扭曲也可出现在导管内癌中。     

提高对乳腺浸润性小叶癌X线表现的认识(附28例分析)

目的　提高浸润性小叶癌不同X线征象 ,尤其是易忽视征象的认识。方法　回顾性分析 2 7例 (2 8个病灶 )浸润性小叶癌的X线征象 ,并与临床资料、B超检查对照。结果　①浸润性小叶癌X线表现为肿块 13个 ,肿块伴钙化 5个 ,结构扭曲 4个 ,不定性钙化 2个 ,单纯恶性钙化、局灶性不对称致密各 1个 ,阴性 2例。② 18个肿块改变为主者 ,以不规则形生长 (5/ 18)伴浸润性或星芒状边缘最常见 (15/ 18)。③ 2 8个病灶中以易忽视征象表现的 7个 ,其中结构扭曲 4个、不定性钙化 2个、局灶性不对称致密 1个。④本组检出病变敏感性 :X线 86% (2 4/ 2 8) ,临床检查 64% (18/ 2 8) ,B超 85% (17/ 2 0 ) ,三者结合 ,敏感性提高至 96% (2 7/ 2 8)。结论　浸润性小叶癌以浸润性边缘或星芒状边缘的不规则肿块结构扭曲等改变最常见。X线、B超和临床检查三者结合 ,能提高肿瘤的检出率。     

乳腺导管癌的X线表现及其病理基础

目的:分析乳腺导管癌的X线表现及其病理基础,提高对其认识.方法:搜集经手术病理证实的乳腺癌57例,包括浸润性导管癌45例,导管原位癌12例,观察X线表现并与病理结果对照.结果:①X线表现为肿块35例,钙化22例,结构致密或扭曲13例;35例肿块除2例显示边界清晰的良性征象外,其他均为恶性边缘征象的肿块;典型恶性钙化多见(18/22),且钙化除单纯钙化外可同时伴发肿块或结构致密.②45例浸润性导管癌主要表现为肿块34例,结构致密或紊乱10例,以上两者伴钙化10例.③12例原位导管癌中全部表现为典型恶性钙化,且单纯钙化均出现于原位导管癌而未见于浸润性导管癌中.结论:乳腺导管癌的常见X线表现为肿块、钙化和结构致密,单纯钙化首先考虑原位导管癌,其余征象均首先考虑浸润性导管癌.     

腋窝非肿大实性淋巴结与乳腺非典型浸润性导管癌关系探讨

目的 探讨腋窝非肿大淋巴结X线表现与乳腺非典型润浸性导管癌的关系.方法 经乳腺钼靶X线摄影及手术病理证实的浸润性导管癌116例,从中筛选出非典型浸润性导管癌36例,共显示腋窝直径相似文献   

乳腺癌的X线表现及病理基础

目的　分析常见乳腺癌的X线表现及其病理基础。方法　经乳腺X线检查 ,手术、病理证实的乳腺癌灶 397个 ,包括浸润性导管癌 2 97个、导管原位癌及导管原位癌伴微浸润 38个、黏液腺癌 2 1个、髓样癌 2 2个和浸润性小叶癌 19个。观察乳腺癌的X线表现 ,与病理分型、分级对照。结果　 ( 1)癌灶的X线表现为有钙化者 170个 ( 42 8%) ,有肿块者 2 5 8个 ( 6 5 0 %) ,有结构扭曲者 33个( 8 3%)。 ( 2 )有钙化者易出现在导管原位癌和浸润性导管癌中 ( χ2 =30 90 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,尤其单纯钙化多出现在导管原位癌中 ( 6 5 8%,2 5 / 38)。 ( 3)呈肿块表现的多见于髓样癌 ( 90 9%,2 0 / 2 2 )和黏液腺癌 ( 81 0 %,17/ 2 1) ,与其他乳腺癌相比差异有非常显著意义 ( χ2 =30 87,P <0 0 0 1)。肿块伴钙化 99个 ,在各病理类型乳腺癌中均可见 ,但当钙化颗粒 >10枚 ( χ2 =11 47,P <0 0 0 1)或钙化灶直径≥ 3cm(Fisher法精确 χ2 检验 ,P =0 0 2 3 7)则多见于导管原位癌和浸润性导管癌。单纯肿块改变 15 9个病灶 ,各类乳腺癌的边缘改变不完全相同 ( χ2 =34 82 ,P <0 0 5 )。 ( 4)结构扭曲伴钙化仅见于浸润性导管癌 ,单纯结构扭曲见于浸润性导管癌和浸润性小叶癌 ,其他类型未见。 ( 5 )对浸润性导管癌 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级     

乳腺浸润性导管癌全数字化X线表现56例回顾性分析

目的探讨乳腺浸润性导管癌的X线表现,提高对乳腺浸润性导管癌的X线影像诊断水平。方法收集经手术病理证实且术前均行全数字化乳腺X线检查的浸润性导管癌的56例进行回顾性分析。结果 56例患者的X线表现:肿块36例,钙化22例,肿块伴钙化6例,局限性密度增高或结构扭曲4例,皮肤及乳头改变2例。结论乳腺浸润性导管癌的X线,其中较多见的X线表现为肿块和钙化,具有较高诊断价值,其他少见征象亦具有一定的诊断意义。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌的临床与X线表现

目的:分析乳腺浸润性导管癌的临床与X线表现。方法:总结经病理证实的102例浸润性导管癌的临床、X线表现。结果:各年龄组间发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。左、右侧发病差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。触诊肿块91例(89.2%),肿块伴疼痛9例(8.8%);疼痛5例(4.9%);溢液溢血10例(9.8%)。X线表现为单纯肿块26例(25.5%),肿块伴钙化55例(53.9%),簇状沙砾样钙化15例(14.7%),结构扭曲伴钙化6例(5.9%);肿块边缘呈分叶征46例(45.1%),边缘不清65例(63.7%),毛刺征53例(52.0%);血管增粗26例(25.5%);同侧腋下淋巴结肿大34例(33.3%)。其他征象:乳头凹陷11例,皮肤增厚11例,大导管增粗3例。结论:乳腺浸润性导管癌的临床好发年龄41～60岁,临床表现以肿块为主,左侧发病高于右侧。X线表现常见为肿块及钙化,具有较高诊断价值;其他征象:结构紊乱、乳头凹陷、皮肤增厚、大导管增粗对定性诊断有意义。     

乳腺导管造影在溢液性乳腺癌诊断中的应用

目的：探讨不同病理类型的溢液性乳腺癌在乳腺导管造影中的X线征象,提高对本病的诊断水平。方法：搜集经手术病理证实并行乳腺X线片及腺导管造影检查的乳腺癌108例,溢液性质为血性62例,浆液46例,临床因溢液而疑及乳腺癌。分析不同病理类型乳腺癌（浸润性导管癌64例,浸润性小叶癌23例,其他21例包括髓样癌7例,化生性癌1例,富于脂质癌2例,导管原位癌7例,粘液癌1例,浸润性乳头状癌3例）在乳腺导管造影中的X线征象。结果：乳腺癌导管造影主要征象：鼠尾征13例,导管走行僵直16例,充盈缺损（杯口征）7例,导管扩张99例,截断征（刀切征）24例,导管结构紊乱60例,断续征37例,虫蚀样改变30例,潭湖征32例。108例乳腺癌中有106例合并两种以上征象。浸润性导管癌最多见,64例,占50%;其次为浸润性小叶癌,23例,占21.3%。结论：充分认识溢液性乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影征象,对进一步明确乳腺癌的诊断具有重要价值,合并征象越多,对乳腺癌的诊断价值越高。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌的X线诊断

目的：分析乳腺浸润性导管癌的高频钼靶X线特征，提高术前X线正确诊断率。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的41例乳腺浸润性导管癌的X线表现。结果：41例乳腺浸润性导管癌中，显示结节或肿块影35例，占85．37％，X线测量肿块大小比临床扪及小有31例，占显示肿块的病例88．57％；显示毛刺状改变23例，占56．1％；有微小钙化17例，占41．46％。结论：乳腺浸润性导管癌在X线上有特征性表现。乳腺高频钼靶X线检查在此病的早期诊断中有重要意义。     

伴乳头溢液乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现与病理对照研究

目的:分析伴有乳头溢液乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现,并分析其病理基础,以提高诊断水平。方法:临床表现有乳头溢液并经手术、病理证实的乳腺癌23例,回顾性分析其乳腺导管造影的影像表现,并与手术病理结果进行对比分析。结果:23例中原位癌8例,浸润性导管癌10例(包括单纯癌6例、乳头状癌4例),导管癌早期浸润3例,乳头状瘤病恶变2例。病理上诊断早期癌13例(56.5%),其中8例临床未触及乳腺肿块。乳腺导管造影主要表现:导管内充盈缺损并伴有不同程度的导管扩张12例;乳腺肿瘤侵蚀导管形成潭湖征5例;溢液导管受乳腺肿块推挤,导管变形3例;导管持续显影、管壁不规则伴广泛微钙化灶1例。本组中乳腺导管造影诊断乳腺癌的符合率为82.6%。结论:乳腺导管造影对伴有乳头溢液乳腺癌的检出是一项安全、有效的检查方法,能准确观察到肿块与溢液导管的位置关系、溢液导管受侵蚀程度,而且还能检测出临床触诊阴性的早期乳腺癌。     

Sonographic features of primary breast cancer in men

OBJECTIVE: The imaging studies of eight men with proven primary breast cancer and preoperative sonography and mammography were reviewed and correlated with final pathology reports. CONCLUSION: There were five cases of invasive breast carcinoma and three cases of ductal carcinoma in situ of the papillary subtype. All three cases of papillary ductal carcinoma in situ showed cystic features on sonography. Most (4/5) invasive cancers were solid on sonography. The appearance of a complex cystic mass in the male breast on sonography should suggest the possibility of malignancy and therefore warrants biopsy.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌超声影像特征分析

 目的 分析超声各特征性影像表现在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的诊断价值。方法 选取解放军总医院第六医学中心 2018-01至2019-12两年内收治的 135例乳腺浸润性导管癌患者纳入本研究,分析乳腺浸润性导管癌的超声影像特征、体检自检发现率以及淋巴结转移与病变大小、位置的相关性。结果 (1)单因素分析显示:形态不规则(91.11%)、边界不清楚(64.44％)、血流信号(44.44％)、微钙化(37.78%)、纵横比＞1(17.78％)、后方回声衰减(15.56％)超声诊断指标,与浸润性导管癌的诊断具有相关性;(2)与其他三个象限相比较,内上象限浸润性导管癌更容易被患者自检发现,占自检发现病例的34.93%;(3)内上象限及外上象限的浸润性导管癌更容易发生淋巴结转移(转移率为:内上:25.53%,内下:0.00%,外上:64.70%,外下:11.76%);(4)对＜3 cm的浸润性导管癌,其大小与腋窝淋巴结的转移没有相关性。结论 超声表现以形态不规则在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的发生率最高,且在早期病变中即表现出来;乳腺病变的自检检出率、乳腺癌淋巴转移率均与乳腺病变的大小和位置密切相关。     

癌巢表面积密度与乳癌预后的关系

目的 :探讨腋窝淋巴结转移阳性的乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的体视学指标Sv(癌巢表面积密度 )与预后的关系 ,以寻找一个独立判断预后的量化指标。方法 :统计 2 0 6例乳癌患者的Sv和预后数据 ,并进行分析。结果 :提示Sv<4 .4和Sv >5 .5是两个有意义的参数 ,前者可以认为是 5年生存的安全值 ,后者可认为是 5年生存的危险值。结论 :体视学方法测定乳腺浸润性导管癌的Sv ,方法简单易行 ,所获参数可靠 ,可作为反映其 5年生存情况的一个重要指标。     

Enhancing area surrounding breast carcinoma on MR mammography: comparison with pathological examination

The enhancing area surrounding breast carcinoma on MR mammography is correlated with findings from pathological examination. We studied 194 patients with breast cancer who underwent preoperative MR mammography. Of all malignant lesions presenting with an enhancing surrounding area on MR mammography, morphologic features including long spicules, a ductal pattern, diffuse enhancement or nodules were evaluated and compared with histopathological examination. A double breast coil was used; we performed a 3D FLASH sequence with contiguous coronal slices of 2 mm, before and after injection of 0.2 mmol/kg GD-DTPA, and subtraction images were obtained. In total, 297 malignant lesions were detected at MR mammography and 101 of them had one or more types of enhancing surrounding area. In 49 of the 53 cancers with long spicules and in 49 of the 55 cancers with surrounding ductal pattern of enhancement, pathological examination showed in situ and/or invasive carcinoma. Multiple nodules adjacent to the carcinoma were seen in 20 patients and corresponded with six cases of invasive and ten cases of ductal in situ carcinoma. A diffuse enhancing area next to a mass was seen in ten patients and consisted of carcinoma in all cases: seven in situ and three invasive carcinomas. Enhancing areas including long spicules, a ductal pattern, noduli, or diffuse enhancement surrounding a carcinoma corresponded with in situ or invasive extension of the carcinoma in 92.5, 89, 80 and 100% of cases, respectively.     

FOXM1、PLK1、HIF-1α及EZH2在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

 目的 探讨叉头框转录因子M1(FOXM1)、Polo样激酶1(PLK1)、缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)及果蝇Zeste基因增强子人类同源物2(EZH2)在乳腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法 采用免疫组化法检测FoxM1、PLK1、HIF-1α及EZH2蛋白在803例乳腺浸润性导管癌和癌旁乳腺组织中的表达情况及其与乳腺癌组织临床病理特征间的关系。结果 FOXM1、PLK1、HIF-1α及EZH2在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为59.78%、27.90%、43.96%和60.40%,显著高于其在癌旁乳腺组织中的表达(29.89%、0%、3.86%、20.92%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。FOXM1、PLK1、HIF-1α及EZH2的表达与乳腺癌的组织学分级、淋巴结转移及临床分期相关,与患者年龄、是否绝经及肿瘤大小无关(P>0.05)。PLK1、HIF-1α和EZH2蛋白的表达均与ER呈负相关关系,FOXM1和EZH2蛋白的表达与HER-2呈正相关关系(P<0.01)。FOXM1、PLK1、HIF-1α和EZH2蛋白的表达均具有正相关关系(P<0.01)。结论 FOXM1、PLK1、HIF-1α及EZH2可能协同参与了乳腺癌的发生、发展,并可能成为乳腺癌预后评估的重要指标。     

全数字化乳腺摄影诊断同时性双侧原发性乳腺癌的价值

目的:评价全数字化乳腺摄影诊断同时性双侧原发性乳腺癌的价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析2005-11～2008-12同时性双侧原发性乳腺癌21例,使用GE公司全数字化平板乳腺X线机,经临床及病理证实,符合同时性双侧乳腺癌的诊断标准.结果:第一原发癌以Ⅱa期为主,浸润性导管癌12例,导管原位癌5例,浸润性小叶癌2例,浸润性筛状癌1例,混合细胞癌1例;5例以微钙化为主要表现,13例肿块,局部密度增浓1例,2例未见异常;第二原发癌以0期为主,浸润性导管癌7例,导管原位癌12例,浸润性小叶癌1例,混合细胞癌1例;11例以微钙化为主要表现,肿块3例,结构不良4例,局部密度增浓1例,2例未见异常.结论:FFDM检查和仔细的外科查体相结合是对已经确诊一侧乳腺癌的患者随访的一种有效方法.     

乳腺癌MRI研究

目的：探讨MRI对乳腺癌的综合诊断价值。材料和方法：随机选择临床和（或）乳腺钼靶片疑有肿瘤的患者进行前瞻性系列MRI检查，将其中58例乳腺癌作为研究对象。女性57例，男性1例。所有病例均经手术病理或活检证实。分别从病灶的信号特点、形态学、强化模式及时间－信号强度曲线等方面进行分析和诊断，并评估MRI的综合价值。结果：58例乳腺癌中浸润性导管癌48例，导管原位癌3例，浸润性小叶癌3例，小叶原位癌1例，髓样癌2例及纤维腺瘤恶变1例。根据乳腺癌病灶的信号及形态学、强化模式、时间－信号强度曲线及各因素的综合诊断正确率分别为89．7％、77．6％，79．3％－91．4％和94．8％，病灶的检出率达100％。结论：MRI检查对乳腺癌检出和定性诊断具有重要价值。     

Evaluation of enhancement patterns using three-dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in 209 cases of breast cancer

PURPOSE: To evaluate contrast-enhanced patterns using three-dimensional (3D) dynamic MR imaging in 209 cases of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-dimensional dynamic imaging of the breast (1.5-T scanner) was performed in 755 cases. Of 227 breast carcinomas, 209 cases that were histologically confirmed were enrolled in this study. The histological diagnoses included ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (n=12), invasive ductal carcinoma (n=176), mucinous carcinoma (n=10), medullary carcinoma (n=4), invasive lobular carcinoma (n=6), and other (n=1). Tumor size was a mean 24.6 mm in diameter (range, 7-110 mm), including 110 cases of small breast carcinomas (< or = 2 cm). The contrast-enhancement pattern was analyzed from the early phase of 3D-MRI and the post-contrast T1-weighted SE image acquired before the delayed phase of 3D-MRI. The type of peripheral enhancement (PE) was evaluated on the early and delayed phases of 3D-MRI. These enhancement patterns were also compared with the histological findings of small breast carcinomas. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the 209 cases of breast carcinoma was 99% (207/209) on 3D dynamic MRI. Two hundred six cases (98.6%), including all DCIS, showed strong enhancement on the early phase of 3D MRI. An increased washout pattern showing signal intensity lower than that of fat on post-contrast T1-weighted imaging was noted in 201 cases (96.1%), of which 179 cases (85.6%) showed washout patterns. PE was identified in 63 cases (30.4%) and in 35 of 110 cases of small breast carcinoma (31.8%). Delayed PE following central washout was noted in 65% of 63 cases and 71.4% of 35 cases of small breast carcinoma. Delayed PE was well correlated with marginal fibrosis. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional dynamic MRI of the breast was highly sensitive for breast carcinoma. Delayed PE following central washout was considered a specific finding of breast carcinoma. It is important to understand the enhancement patterns of 3D dynamic MRI for excellent specificity of breast carcinomas.     

Unusual breast cancers: useful clues to expanding the differential diagnosis

Invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ account for about 85% of breast cancers. Unusual breast neoplasms may be broadly divided into invasive lobular carcinoma, well-differentiated subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma, cancers of stromal origin, and metastatic neoplasms. Clues are often present in imaging characteristics, patient demographics, and/or clinical features that may suggest that the finding is not the usual type of breast cancer. Some rare malignancies also provide specific clues to their diagnosis. This review provides an overview of unusual and a few rare malignant breast neoplasms, highlighting particular or specific clinical or imaging findings that will enable residents to expand their differential diagnosis of breast lesions beyond invasive ductal carcinoma.