预先心理应激对干舱模拟快速上浮脱险大鼠应激反应的作用

目的 观察预先心理应激对大鼠在模拟快速上浮脱险过程中应激反应的影响.方法 40只健康雄性SD大按数字随机表法鼠随机等分为4组:对照组、心理应激组、快速加减压组、预先心理应激+快速加减压组.通过建立快速上浮脱险动物模型,观察预先心理应激对该过程中大鼠应激反应的作用.结果 预先进行心理应激的动物在快速上浮脱险过程中,心率明显加快,血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)表达明显降低.结论 心理应激在模拟快速上浮脱险大鼠应激反应中起重要作用.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effects of psychological pretreatment on the stress reaction of simulated fast buoyancy ascent escape in rats. Methods Forty healthy rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group, the psychological stress group, the fast compression and decompression group, and the psychological stress pretreatment plus fast compression and decompression group. By developing the fast buoyancy ascent escape rat model with fast compression and decompression in a closed cabin, the effects of psychological pretreatment on the stress reaction were observed in the course of ascent. Results Hear t rate of the animals in the psychological pretreatment stress group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0. 05), and the expression of serum TNF-α was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions Psychological factor seemed to have positive effects on the stress reaction of the simulated fast buoyancy ascent escape in rats.     

颅神经血管压迫症的MR血管断层表现与微血管减压术疗效的相关性

Objective To explore the correlation of the operation effects of the miorovascular decompression(MVD) and the findings on magnetic resonance tomographic angiography(MRTA) in patients of neurovascular compression of the cranial nerves.Methods Two hundred and twenty three patients treated with the microvascular decompression were analyzed retrospectively.They were grouped and graded according to the vessel compression on the cranial nerves.The compression were grouped as none, moderate and severe, and the operation effects were graded as Ⅰ ( complete relief), Ⅱ ( partial relief) and Ⅲ ( no relief).The operation effects grades were correlated according to the compression groups by Kruskal-Wallis test and the operation effects between each two of the groups were compared using Nemenyi test.P < 0.05 was defined as statistic significant.Results Of the 53 cases of non-compression group, 31 cases were graded as Ⅰ , 13 cases were graded as Ⅱ and 9 cases were graded as Ⅲ, according to the operation-effects of the decompression.Of the 110 cases of moderate group,95 cases were grade as Ⅰ , 11 cases were graded as Ⅱ and 4 cases were graded as Ⅲ.Of the 60 cases of severe group, 48 cases were graded as Ⅰ, 7 cases were graded as Ⅱ and 5 cases were graded as Ⅲ.There were statistic significance among the three groups,where χ2= 16.84 and P <0.05.The mean rank of the non-compression, the moderate and the severe group was 134.21,102.37 and 110.4 ,respectively.The difference of the mean ranks between the non-compression group and the moderate group was 31.84, and between the non-compression and the severe group was 24.17, respectively, where P < 0.05 both.Conclusions There was close relationship between the findings on magnetic resonance tomographic angiography and the operation effects of the MVD.The operation effects of patients with moderate and severe vessel compression were much better than the non-compression group.MRTA is helpful for MVD surgical indication and its prognosis.     

颅神经血管压迫症的MR血管断层表现与微血管减压术疗效的相关性

Objective To explore the correlation of the operation effects of the miorovascular decompression(MVD) and the findings on magnetic resonance tomographic angiography(MRTA) in patients of neurovascular compression of the cranial nerves.Methods Two hundred and twenty three patients treated with the microvascular decompression were analyzed retrospectively.They were grouped and graded according to the vessel compression on the cranial nerves.The compression were grouped as none, moderate and severe, and the operation effects were graded as Ⅰ ( complete relief), Ⅱ ( partial relief) and Ⅲ ( no relief).The operation effects grades were correlated according to the compression groups by Kruskal-Wallis test and the operation effects between each two of the groups were compared using Nemenyi test.P < 0.05 was defined as statistic significant.Results Of the 53 cases of non-compression group, 31 cases were graded as Ⅰ , 13 cases were graded as Ⅱ and 9 cases were graded as Ⅲ, according to the operation-effects of the decompression.Of the 110 cases of moderate group,95 cases were grade as Ⅰ , 11 cases were graded as Ⅱ and 4 cases were graded as Ⅲ.Of the 60 cases of severe group, 48 cases were graded as Ⅰ, 7 cases were graded as Ⅱ and 5 cases were graded as Ⅲ.There were statistic significance among the three groups,where χ2= 16.84 and P <0.05.The mean rank of the non-compression, the moderate and the severe group was 134.21,102.37 and 110.4 ,respectively.The difference of the mean ranks between the non-compression group and the moderate group was 31.84, and between the non-compression and the severe group was 24.17, respectively, where P < 0.05 both.Conclusions There was close relationship between the findings on magnetic resonance tomographic angiography and the operation effects of the MVD.The operation effects of patients with moderate and severe vessel compression were much better than the non-compression group.MRTA is helpful for MVD surgical indication and its prognosis.     

辛伐他汀预处理减轻缺血再灌注心肌损伤的实验研究

Objective To investigate the effects of pretreatment with simvastatin on iscbemia reperfusion induced myocardial injury, and to further explore related mechanism with respect to inflammation modulation. Methods The rat myocardial ischemia reperfusion model was established by the method of coronary artery ligation. The animals were divided into 3 groups: the sham group, the control group and the simvastatin group. In the simvastatin group, the animals were pretreated with simvastatin (5 mg/kg) one week before by intragastric administration. Ventricular arrhythmia was monitored and scored, infarct size and area at risk of myocardium were determined, and uhrastructural changes were observed. The serum levels of myocardial enzymes and lipids were measured. The content of myocardial inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α、interleukin(IL) -6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP) - 1]were also evaluated. Results When compared with those of the control group, the amount and duration of ventricular arrhythmia in simvastatin group were less and score of ventricular arrhythmia was significantly lower. When pretreated with simvastatin, the serum levels of CK-MB and LDH in simvastatin group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The infarct size/area at risk ratio of the simvastatin treated group was significantly less than those of the control group. The uhrastructures of myocardial cells were better maintained in simvastatin group. No significant differences were observed in the serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein when comparisons were made each other among the three groups. However, the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and MCP-1 in heart tissue of the treated animals were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusions Pretreatment with simvastatin ameliorates ischemia reperfusion induced myocardial injury, which is partly related with the down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines expression in heart tissue but independent of its role of lipids modulation.     

辛伐他汀预处理减轻缺血再灌注心肌损伤的实验研究

Objective To investigate the effects of pretreatment with simvastatin on iscbemia reperfusion induced myocardial injury, and to further explore related mechanism with respect to inflammation modulation. Methods The rat myocardial ischemia reperfusion model was established by the method of coronary artery ligation. The animals were divided into 3 groups: the sham group, the control group and the simvastatin group. In the simvastatin group, the animals were pretreated with simvastatin (5 mg/kg) one week before by intragastric administration. Ventricular arrhythmia was monitored and scored, infarct size and area at risk of myocardium were determined, and uhrastructural changes were observed. The serum levels of myocardial enzymes and lipids were measured. The content of myocardial inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α、interleukin(IL) -6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP) - 1]were also evaluated. Results When compared with those of the control group, the amount and duration of ventricular arrhythmia in simvastatin group were less and score of ventricular arrhythmia was significantly lower. When pretreated with simvastatin, the serum levels of CK-MB and LDH in simvastatin group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The infarct size/area at risk ratio of the simvastatin treated group was significantly less than those of the control group. The uhrastructures of myocardial cells were better maintained in simvastatin group. No significant differences were observed in the serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein when comparisons were made each other among the three groups. However, the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and MCP-1 in heart tissue of the treated animals were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusions Pretreatment with simvastatin ameliorates ischemia reperfusion induced myocardial injury, which is partly related with the down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines expression in heart tissue but independent of its role of lipids modulation.     

富氧吸入对大鼠模拟急性高原肺水肿的防护作用

Objective To investigate the protective effects of oxygen enrichment inhalation on preventing acute high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) of rats and compare the effects of various oxygen inhalations. Methods Forty-four male Wistar rats were randomly and averagely divided into control, hypoxia, fulltime oxygen enrichment and nocturnal oxygen enrichment groups. Rats with various inhalations were exposed to simulated 6000 m in hypobaric chamber for 48 h except control group..The wet to dry ratio (W/D), protein concentration of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF),nitric oxide (NO) content and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in serum and lung homogenate were measured, and lung histological change was determined. Results Comparing with control group, hypoxia group showed significantly increased W/D, BALF protein concentration and decreased NO level and NOS activity (P＜0.01). Interstitial pulmonary edema, haemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration were found in hypoxia group. W/D and BALF protein concentration both in fulltime oxygen enrichment and nocturnal oxygen enrichment groups were decreased compared with those in hypoxia group (P＜0. 05), while the level of NO and the activity of NOS were increased (P＜0. 01).Conclusions Oxygen enrichment inhalation has the protective effects on preventing HAPE by improving NO level and NOS activity. There is no significant different protective effect between fulltime oxygen enrichment and nocturnal oxygen enrichment groups.     

神经行为评价系统在飞行员脑功能评定中的应用研究

Objective To explore the application of neurobehavioral evaluation system-C3(NES-C3) for pilot's cerebral function (CF) evaluation. Methods The characters of CF under interference of simulated jet engine noise and neurobehavioral ability index (NAI) were investigated in 45 military pilots [(27.6±2.5) yr] (as pilot group) and in 45 college students [(27.5±2.6) yr] (as control group) by NES-C3. The variance of profile of mood statues (POMS) scales, (including tension-anxiety, angry-hostility, exhausted-inertia, gloom-depressed, powerful-restless and stumblepuzzle) and NAI (including memory scanning, digital scanning, visual simple reaction time, visual complex reaction time, pursuit aiming, and consecutive performance) were compared respectively.Results With or without interference of noise, the score of "powerful-restless" in pilot group was higher than that in control group (t=9.74, 12.52, P＜0.05), and the score of tension-anxiety in control group was higher than that in pilot group (t= 10. 46, 14.25, P＜0. 05). When noise was applied, the score of POMS in control group was significantly increased (t=2. 85-6. 33, P＜0. 05) but in pilot group only "tension-anxiety" and "powerful-restless" were significantly increased (t = 4. 12,5.92, P＜0.05). The score of "tension-anxiety" in control group was higher than that in pilot group.Four items of NAI in pilot group were significantly higher than those in control group (t= 2 91-10.55, P＜0. 05). There were no noised induced significant NAI changes in pilot group but in control group. They were not only lower than that in the state without noise interference (t-5.24-29.24,P＜0. 05) but also lower than that in pilot group (t=4. 07-28. 41, P＜0. 05). Conclusions NES-C3 is a useful tool for the identification of pilot's CF.     

去铁胺对大鼠脑室出血后慢性脑积水的疗效观察

Objective To discuss the effect of deferoxamine in the treatment of chronic hydrocephalus (CH) after intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in rats. Methods A total of 184 female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal saline group ( NS group), intracerebroventricular blood infusion group (Group A ) and deferoxamine plus intracerebroventricular blood infusion group ( Group B). The rat CH models were made by infusing autologous whole blood ( 130 μl) into the right lateral cerebral ventricle. The escape latency time was detected by Morris water maze at days 14 and 28.The rats were sacrificed 1,3, 7, 14, 28 days later, the transverse diameter of the lateral ventricle on the coronal slice of rat brain 0.4 mm posterior to the bregma was measured for evaluation of hydrocephalus and the index of ventricle. Pathological changes of the brain were observed. Results No CH was found in the NS group. The incidence of CH in the Group A was 73% (11/15), which was significantly higher than 27% (4/15) in Group B at day 28. The escape latency time in the NS group was (8.21 ± 2.00) s,which was significantly shorter than ( 16.36 ±5.93 ) s of the Group A ( P ＜0.01 ). There was no significant difference in the escape latency time between the NS group and Group B [(11.38 ± 2.57 )s] (P ＞0.05 ). The index of ventricle in the NS group was 1.05 ± 0.41, which was smaller than 4.53 ± 1.70 in Group A and 2.77 ± 1.53 in Group B (P ＜ 0.05 ). There were no obvious pathological changes in the NS group at different time points. There found edema of white matter surrounding the ventricle, twist and engorged callosum, proliferation of rhagiocrine cell as well as hemosiderin deposit in Group A. However, no hemosiderin deposit was found in Group B. Conclusions The content of iron in the cerebrospinal fluid may be correlated with hydrocephalus after IVH. Preventive use of deferoxamine can reduce incidence of hydrocephalus after ICH.     

99Tc-亚甲基二膦酸盐对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠滑膜及软骨凋亡相关因子的影响

Objective Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats is an animal model of human rheuma-toid arthritis (RA). It is widely used in research of the pathogenesis and the therapeutic targets of RA. This paper was to investigate the therapeutic action of 99Tc-methylene diphosphonic acid (MDP) on CIA rats and its effects on the expression of apoptosis associated factor bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chon-drocytes. Methods CIA rat models were carried out by subcutaneous injection with bovine collagen Ⅱ and incomplete Freud's adjuvant. Rats were divided into four groups: control group, CIA model group (the CIA rats were infused with physiological saline via tail vein daily), 99Tc-MDP group (the C1A rats were injected with 99Tc-Mi)P 0.04 μg 99Tc/kg via tail vein daily) and methotrexate (MTX) group (the CIA rats were in-jected with MTX 1 mg/kg via tail vein weekly). The signs of arthritis were evaluated by arthritis index (AI) scores. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes. SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis. Results (1) The signs of arthritis, AI scores and pathological changes of arthrosynovitis in CIA rats were significantly improved by 99Tc-MDP orMTX. (2) The expression of bcl-2 and box in the synoviocytes of CIA model group [(39.30 ± 0.53) %, (27.37 ±2.45)%] was significantly increased compared with control group [(7.56 ± 1. 18)% , (6.14 ± 1.71) % ; q = 46.27, 24.57, all P < 0.001]. In the synovioeytes of 99Tc-M DP group and MTX group, the level of bcl-2 was remarkably decreased [(30.24 ± 2.09) %, (27.25 ± 3.33) %] compared with CIA model group (q = 13.20, 17.56, all P <0.001), while the level of bax was slightly increased and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was significantly decreased. (3)The expression level of bcl-2 and bax in the articular chondro-cytes of CIA model group [(20.20 ± 2.78) %, (36.40 ± 1.67) %] was significantly higher than control group [(9.91±4.09)%, (6.71 ±3.50)%; q=10.51, 37.01, allP<0.001]. Compared with CIA model group, the expression level of bcl-2 in articular chondrocytes of 99Tc-MDP group [(26. 58 ± 2. 52) %] and MTX group [(27.06 ± 1.92) %] was remarksbly increased [(24.26 ± 2.75) %, (23.53 ± 0.74) % ; q = 6.53, 7.01, all P < 0.001]. And the expression level of bax was significantly decread (q = 15.12, 16.04, all P <0. 001) and the ratio of bcl-2/bax was significantly increased. Conclusions The ab-normal expression of apoptosis associated factor bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes was closely related to the occurrence and progression of signs in CIA rats. 99Tc-MDP could improve the signs of arthritis, meanwhile regulate the expression of bcl-2 and bax in synoviocytes and articular ehondrocytes, suggesting that one of the therapeutic mechanisms of 99Tc-MDP might be related to stimulated synoviocytes apoptosis and reduced articular chondrocytes apoptosis.     

肿块深度对乳腺超声弹性成像检查结果的影响分析

目的探究超声弹性成像(UE)中肿瘤深度对于判断乳腺肿物的良、恶性影响。方法选取本院2017年1月~2018年10月间收治的178例因乳腺肿块行手术切除患者为观察对象,纳入病灶200个。依据肿瘤深度不同分4组。对所有的患者在术前均予以常规超声检查以及超声弹性成像检查,对比不同深度肿瘤的UE成像情况、分析诊断效能(准确度、特异度、灵敏度以及阴、阳性预测值),对比良恶性乳腺肿瘤UE成像检查的阳性率。结果诊断良性病灶114个、恶性病灶86个;D组成像效果与A、B、C组相比的UE成像效果更差(P<0.05);A组特异度与B、C、D组的对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组准确度显著高于D组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),UE成像技术对恶性病灶的诊断阳性率显著更高(P<0.05)。结论在乳腺超声弹性成像检查中,对于乳腺肿物的良、恶性成像质量,诊断的特异度与准确度均受到肿瘤深度的影响。     

Tendinopathy of the tendon of the long head of the biceps

Pathologies of tendon of the long head of the biceps (LHB) are an important cause of shoulder pain. They include tendinopathy, rupture, superior labrum anterior and posterior lesions, pulley tears, and tendon instability. Conservative management of symptomatic LHB tendinopathy is commonly accepted as the first-line treatment. It consists of rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid injections, and physical therapy. Biceps tenotomy and tenodesis are the most common surgical procedures to manage both isolated LHB pathology and biceps-glenoid complex tears combined with rotator cuff tears. However, controversy persists about the superiority of one of them because there is no evidence of significant differences in functional scores or patient satisfaction between the 2 techniques. This article provides an overview on biomechanical function of the LHB and current strategies for treatment of LHB disorders.     

Evaluation of the usefulness of the limited cone-beam CT (3DX) in the assessment of the thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa of the temporomandibular joint

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the limited cone-beam X-ray CT (3DX) (Morita Co., Japan) in measuring the thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa (RGF) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one TMJs removed at autopsy from 21 cadavers were investigated macroscopically using dissection and 3DX imaging. A Digimatic Outside Micrometer and a 3DX-image tool were used to measure the minimum thickness of the RGF. Multiple measurements were made to identify the thinnest area. Once the thinnest areas had been identified, three linear measurements were made and the average value was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The average macroscopic examination measurement was 1.37 mm (range 0.55-3.6 mm) and the average 3DX image measurement was 1.22 mm (range: 0.51-3.0 mm). There was no significant difference between these two groups using the Mann-Whitney U-test (P < 0.05). The Spearman's correlation coefficient by rank between these two groups was r = 0.93(P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that bone thickness measurements of the RGF by 3DX imaging was effective.