超声造影在诊断乳腺癌肝转移中的应用价值

目的:探讨超声造影(CEUS)在诊断乳腺癌肝转移中的应用价值。材料和方法:对89例常规超声疑似乳腺癌肝转移者行CEUS和增强CT(CECT)后,采用穿刺活检、手术病理、影像学随访超过半年临床最后确诊。结果:89例常规超声疑似乳腺癌肝转移经CEUS及相关检查临床最后确诊为良性41例。48例乳腺癌肝转移经CEUS明确诊断47例。CEUS对乳腺癌肝转移诊断的敏感度为97.92%(47/48),假阴性率为2.08%(1/48),特异度为100%(41/41),阳性预测值为100%(47/47),阴性预测值为97.62%(41/42)。经CEUS发现新增转移病灶10例。CEUS从常规超声53.93%(48/89)的诊断准确度提高到98.88%(88/89)。CEUS对乳腺癌肝转移的诊断率与CECT在统计学上无差异(P=0.833)。结论:CEUS能发现乳腺癌较小的肝转移灶,提高了超声诊断乳腺癌肝转移的鉴别能力和准确度。     

超声造影、增强CT及增强MRI对肾脏占位性病变的诊断价值比较

目的：比较超声造影、增强CT及增强MRI对肾脏占位性病变的诊断价值。资料与方法对78例经常规超声诊断为肾脏占位性病变患者的80个病灶进行实时超声造影检查,39个行增强CT检查,28个行增强MRI检查,其中5个同时行增强CT及增强MRI检查。以病理结果为“金标准”,比较超声造影、增强CT及增强MRI诊断肾脏占位性病变良恶性的价值。结果80个病灶中,57个为恶性病变,23个为良性病变;超声造影诊断肾脏病变良恶性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为93.0%、69.6%、88.3%、80.0%;增强CT诊断肾脏病变良恶性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为96.4%、72.7%、90.0%、88.9%;增强MRI诊断肾脏病变良恶性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为86.4%、66.7%、90.5%、57.1%;3种检查诊断效果间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论超声造影、增强CT及增强MRI对于肾脏占位性病变良恶性的诊断效果相当,临床可以根据各个检查技术的特点,为不同的患者选择适宜的检查,联合应用两种检查方法为肾脏占位性病变的诊断提供了更丰富的信息。     

超声造影与MRI增强扫描对肝脏局灶性病变诊断的对比研究

目的 :比较超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEUS)与MRI增强扫描(contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imagmg,CEMRI)对肝脏局灶性病变(focal liver lesion,FLL)的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析189例FLL患者共220个病灶的CEUS及CEMRI图像,比较2种方法诊断FLL的准确性。结果 :CEUS诊断FLL的准确率为89.55%(197/220),MRI为93.18%(205/220),两者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :CEUS对诊断常见FLL有重要价值,与CEMRI价值相当。     

超声造影诊断胰腺局灶性病变的诊断价值

目的探讨超声造影诊断胰腺局灶性病变的价值.材料和方法对140个胰腺局灶性病变进行常规超声及超声造影检查,所有病例均经病理诊断.结果恶性肿瘤80个病灶,良性病灶60个.超声造影诊断的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为85.0%、85.0%及85.0%,常规超声诊断分别为62.50%、46.67%及55.71%,超声造影诊断的阳性预测值为93.15%,阴性预测值为87.93%.结论实时超声造影技术对鉴别诊断胰腺局灶性病变具有较高的临床应用价值.     

比较非增强MRI(TIRM结合DWI)与超声检查在诊断乳腺病变中的临床应用价值

目的 比较非增强MRI(TIRM结合DWI)与超声检查在诊断乳腺病变中的临床应用价值，为临床提供较好的一种无创的检查方法。方法 选取105个乳腺病灶的常规超声及MRI检查资料，以病理结果为金标准，比较两种影像学检查方法的诊断效能。结果 病理结果显示乳腺恶性病变82个，良性病变23个，MRI和超声检查两种诊断方法的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为92.68%、82.61%、95.00%、76.00%;81.71%、73.91%、91.78%、53.13%。二者比较敏感性的差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 非增强MRI(TIRM结合DWI)作为MRI简易诊断手段，其诊断敏感性优于超声检查，适用于体检及不适合增强扫描的患者，有较好的临床应用价值。     

超声造影联合弹性成像对BI-RADS 4类乳腺肿块的诊断价值

目的探讨超声造影(CEUS)联合弹性成像(UE)对BI-RADS 4类乳腺病灶的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的190枚BI-RADS 4类病灶的UE及CEUS声像图特点,以手术病理结果为"金标准",采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分别评估两者单独及联合应用调整BI-RADS分类的诊断效能。结果 190枚病灶,病理结果显示良性71枚,恶性119枚。CEUS各增强特点良恶性组间差异均有统计学意义。CEUS、UE及常规超声的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUROC)分别为0.848,0.767,0.818,均小于UE联合CEUS调整BI-RADS分类的方法(AUROC为0.935),诊断效能具有统计学意义(P0.01)。常规超声、UE、CEUS的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为97.5%,67.6%,86.3%;68.1%,76.1%,71.1%;65.5%,91.5%,75.3%。CEUS联合UE调整BI-RADS分类后的敏感度98.3%,特异度88.7%,准确率94.7%。结论 CEUS在乳腺良恶性病灶的鉴别上有一定的应用价值,CEUS联合UE能进一步提高BI-RADS 4类乳腺病灶的良、恶性鉴别诊断。     

超声造影与彩色多普勒超声对盆腔肿块良恶性鉴别诊断的对比研究

目的 :探讨超声造影在妇科盆腔肿块良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值。方法 :分析75例盆腔肿块患者(95个肿块)的超声造影检查资料,探讨盆腔良恶性肿块的超声造影表现,对比常规超声和超声造影的鉴别诊断效能。结果:盆腔良恶性肿块的超声造影模式不同,超声造影检出恶性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为91.7%、95.7%、93.7%、95.7%、91.8%;常规超声分别为68.8%、76.6%、72.6%、82.5%、92.3%。两者诊断准确性比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :超声造影可提供丰富的肿块血流灌注信息,较常规超声明显提高了对盆腔肿块良恶性鉴别诊断效能,值得深入研究和推广应用。     

多普勒超声和超声造影对肝脏局灶性结节样增生的诊断价值

目的:探讨多普勒超声(DUS)和造影增强超声(CEUS)对肝脏局灶性结节样增生(FNH)的诊断价值和影像表现。方法:应用低机械指数超声造影技术(CPS和CPI)对16例FNH的多时相造影增强表现进行分析,并与DUS表现进行对比,来评价它们对FNH的诊断价值。结果:尽管16例FNH多普勒超声均可显示内部血流信号,但与二维超声相比,二者对病灶良、恶性判断的差异并无显著性意义(P>0.05)。16例FNH的超声造影表现:增强自病灶中央开始呈星状或辐射状(81%);门脉和延迟相可见中央瘢痕(69%),除中央瘢痕外,病灶呈均匀增强(100%);延迟相病灶呈等增强或稍高增强(93%)。CEUS对FNH诊断的准确符合率为87.5%,诊断为良性病变的准确符合率达100%,与DUS比较差异有显著意义(P<0.01)。结论:造影增强超声可显著提高FNH诊断的准确性。     

乏血供肝转移瘤超声造影与CT增强扫描的对比研究

目的:探讨乏血供肝转移瘤超声造影(CEUS)血流灌注特点及其与CT增强扫描的差异。方法:选择CT增强扫描提示为乏血供肝转移瘤的12例(20个病灶)行常规超声及造影检查。二维超声观察病灶的部位、大小、边界、内部回声;CEUS观察病灶各期的强化模式、强化水平,重点观察动脉期(0～25s),并与CT增强扫描进行比较。结果:12例共20个病灶,CT增强扫描动脉期:1个病灶轻度增强(5%),11个环形强化(55%),2个不均匀强化(10%),6个无强化(30%)。CEUS动脉期:11个病灶弥漫性均匀强化(55%),7个环形强化(35%),2个不均匀强化(10%)。结论:CEUS显示乏血供肝转移瘤动脉期血供情况优于CT增强扫描;对于CT增强扫描怀疑为乏血供肝转移瘤患者,尤其是单发转移瘤,CEUS检查对临床诊断和治疗有很大帮助。     

超声造影及增强CT诊断肾脏外伤的对比研究

目的评价超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasonography,CEUS)与增强CT在肾脏外伤诊断中的应用价值。方法 57例肾脏外伤患者分别进行超声造影与增强CT检查,根据美国创伤外科协会(AAST)肾外伤分级标准及肾外伤CT分级判断外伤程度,并对结果进行对照研究。结果超声造影发现1例I级肾外伤,而增强CT未发现;CEUS漏诊2例I级肾外伤;1例CEUS将Ⅲ级高估为Ⅳ级;2例将Ⅳ级低估为Ⅲ级。增强CT与CEUS各自的诊断符合率分别为98.2%、91.2%,两者诊断结果具有较好的一致性(P=0.000)。结论 :CEUS在评价实质器官外伤上具有优势,而增强CT在判断腹部合并伤方面更具优势,两种检查技术的有机组合必将大大提高诊断准确率。     

Application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions—A comparison of conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT

Objective

To explore the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) by comparison with conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) in solid pancreatic lesions.

Method

Ninety patients with solid pancreatic focal lesions were enrolled, including 36 cases of pancreatic carcinoma, 28 cases of pancreatitis, 6 cases of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, 12 cases of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas, 6 cases of pancreatic metastases, 1 case of cavernous hemolymphangioma and 1 case of lymphoma. US and CEUS were applied respectively for the diagnosis of a total of 90 cases of solid pancreatic lesions. The diagnostic results were scored on a 5-point scale. Results of CEUS were compared with CECT.

Results

(1) 3-score cases (undetermined) diagnosed by CEUS were obviously fewer than that of US, while the number of 1-score (definitely benign) and 5-score (definitely malignant) cases diagnosed by CEUS was significantly more than that of US. There was a significant difference in the distribution of final scores using the two methods (p < 0.001). The overall diagnostic accuracies of the 90 cases for CEUS and US were 83.33% and 44.44%, respectively, which indicated an obvious advantage for CEUS (p < 0.001). (2) The diagnostic consistency among three ultrasound doctors: the kappa values calculated for US were 0.537, 0.444 and 0.525, compared with 0.748, 0.645 and 0.795 for CEUS. The interobserver agreement for CEUS was higher than that for US. (3) The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma with CEUS and CECT were 91.7% and 97.2%, 87.0% and 88.9%, and 88.9% and 92.2%, respectively, while for the diagnosis of pancreatitis, the corresponding indices were 82.1% and 67.9%, 91.9% and 100%, and 88.9% and 90%, respectively, showing no significant differences (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

CEUS has obvious superiority over conventional US in the general diagnostic accuracy of solid pancreatic lesions and in the diagnostic consistency among doctors. The performances of CEUS are similar to that of CECT in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and focal pancreatitis.     

超声造影与增强CT在胆囊疾病诊断中的对比分析

目的:比较超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEUS)和CT增强(contrast-enhanced helicalcomputedtomography,CECT)检查在胆囊占位性病变诊断中血流灌注过程中的的特点,探讨其在胆囊占位性病变诊断中的价值。方法:对比分析78例胆囊占位性病变的超声造影和增强CT在不同时相的增强及灌注特征。结果:超声造影和增强CT具有相似的表现。但对于小于5 mm的病变,超声造影的检出率高于增强CT,78例胆囊占位性病变中,胆囊癌35例,胆囊息肉29例,局限性胆囊腺肌增生症14例,增强CT准确率分别为84.35%,89.63%和80.13%,超声造影准确率分别为83.12%,93.79%和79.72%。结论:增强CT和超声造影检查均有助于胆囊疾病诊断,两者结合可提高胆囊疾病的诊断符合率。     

Enhancement patterns of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: comparison between contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT

The aim of this study was to compare the enhancement pattern of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with that on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). 40 pathologically proven ICC lesions in 40 patients were evaluated retrospectively with both CEUS and CECT. The enhancement level and pattern in the dynamic phases on both CEUS and CECT were analysed. The diagnostic results of CEUS and CECT before pathological examination were also recorded. During arterial phases, the number of lesions that appeared as (i) peripheral irregular rim-like hyperenhancement, (ii) diffuse heterogeneous hyperenhancement, (iii) diffuse homogeneous hyperenhancement and (iv) diffuse heterogeneous hypoenhancement were 19 (47.5%), 9 (22.5%), 5 (12.5%) and 7 (17.5%), respectively, on CEUS, and 22 (55.0%), 3 (7.5%), 2 (5.0%) and 13 (32.5%), respectively, on CECT (p = 0.125). In the portal phase, the number of lesions showing hyperenhancement and hypoenhancement were 1 (2.5%) and 39 (97.5%), respectively, on CEUS, and 15 (37.5%) and 25 (62.5%) on CECT (p = 0.0001). CEUS made a correct diagnosis in 32 (80.0%) lesions before pathological examination; CECT made a correct diagnosis in 27 (67.5%) lesions (p = 0.18). In conclusion, the enhancement patterns of ICC on CEUS were consistent with those on CECT in the arterial phase, whereas in the portal phase ICC faded out more obviously on CEUS than on CECT. CEUS had the same accuracy as CECT in diagnosing ICCs, and so can be used as a new modality for the characterization of ICC.     

Enhancement pattern of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound versus contrast-enhanced computed tomography

Objective

To compare the enhancement pattern of hilar cholangiocarcinoma on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with that on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT).

Methods

Thirty-two consecutive patients with pathologically proven hilar cholangiocarcinomas were evaluated by both low mechanical index CEUS and CECT. The enhancement feature of the tumor, portal vein infiltration, and lesion conspicuity on them was investigated.

Results

In the arterial phase, the numbers of the lesions showing hyperenhancement, isoenhancement, and hypoenhancement, were 14 (43.8%), 14 (43.8%), and 4 (12.6%), on CEUS, and 12 (37.5%), 9 (28.1%), and 11 (34.4%), on CECT (P = 0.162). In portal phase, the numbers of the lesions showing hypoenhancement, isoenhancement, and hyperenhancement were 30 (93.8%), 1 (3.1%), and 1 (3.1%), on CEUS, and 23 (71.9%), 8 (25.0%), and 1 (3.1%), on CECT (P = 0.046). The detection rates for portal vein infiltration were 84.2% (16/19) for baseline ultrasound, 89.5% (17/19) for CEUS, and 78.9% (15/19) for CECT (all P > 0.05 between every two groups). CEUS significantly improved the lesion conspicuity in comparison with CECT. CEUS and CECT made correct diagnoses in 30 (93.8%) and 25 (78.1%) lesions prior to pathological examination (P = 0.125).

Conclusion

The enhancement pattern of hilar cholangiocarcinoma on CEUS was similar with that on CECT in arterial phase, whereas in portal phase hilar cholangiocarcinoma shows hypoenhancement more likely on CEUS. CEUS and CECT lead to similar results in evaluating portal vein infiltration and diagnosis of this entity.     

Enhancement pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography

We compared the enhancement pattern of 98 hepatocellular carcinoma nodules in 92 patients on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed with SonoVue and a low mechanical index method. In arterial phase, 98 nodules were hyperenhancing on CEUS and 94 on CECT. In portal phase, 82 nodules were hypoenhancing on CEUS and 83 on CECT. Peripheral thin-rim-like enhancement was exhibited in 30 nodules on CEUS and 31 on CECT. Intratumoral vessels were visualized in 94 nodules on CEUS and 36 on CECT.     

超声造影在肝癌病灶诊断及引导射频消融治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨超声造影（CEUS）在肝恶性肿瘤病灶诊断及引导射频消融（RFA）治疗中的应用价值。方法对经病理确诊并经RFA治疗的56例肝癌患者资料进行回顾性分析,术前比较增强cT、普通彩色多普勒超声（二维＋多普勒）和超声造影对肝癌（原发及转移）的检出率,观察二维及超声造影病灶图像差异及特点。对普通彩色多普勒超声引导组（62个病灶）和超声造影引导组（so个病灶）在术中引导RFA的消融效果进行对比并利用超声造影观察射频消融术后疗效。结果56例肝癌患者,112个病灶（原发灶36个,转移灶76个）。超声造影对肝癌病灶检出率为94．6％（106／112）,增强CT对肝癌病灶检出率为96．4％（108／112）,两者检出率比较差异无统计学意义0（x^2=0．42,P〉O．05）。普通彩色多普勒超声对肝癌病灶检出率为74．1％（83／112）,其与超声造影的检出率差异有统计学意义0（2=16,P〈0．05）。在普通彩色多普勒超声引导下进行RFA完全消融率为69％（43／62）,超声造影引导下完全消融率为84％（42／50）,两者的完全消融率差异无统计学意义舒=1．6,P〉0．05）。结论超声造影在RFA术前对肝脏肿瘤的诊断,术中对病灶的准确定位及实时引导穿刺,术后对手术疗效的随访观察都具有重要的应用价值。     

Evaluation of renal urothelial carcinoma by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography

Purpose

To observe ultrasonographic features of urothelial carcinoma in renal pelvis and evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosis.

Materials and methods

Fifty-two patients with urothelial carcinoma underwent preoperative conventional US, colour Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and CEUS.

Results

Of 52 total lesions, 41 (78.8%) could be clearly identified by US, and 49 (94.2%) were enhanced by CEUS. Among US-imaged lesions, 39 (95.1%) were solid tumours, and two (4.9%) were mixed solid-cystic; 25 (61.0%) were isoechoic, 11 (26.8%) hypoechoic, and five (12.2%) hyperechoic. Analysis of tumour blood flow by CDFI characterised 17 avascular lesions (41.5% of total), 16 hypovascular (39.0%), and 8 hypervascular (19.5%). The resistance index ranged from 0.65 to 0.88 (mean of 0.71). Enhancement was seen in 49 lesions after injection of SonoVue. A slow enhancement pattern was observed in 36 lesions (73.5%) relative to renal cortex, and 13/49 (26.5%) showed simultaneous enhancement. At peak enhancement, 38 lesions (77.6%) were hypo-enhanced, six (12.2%) iso-enhanced, and five (10.2%) hyper-enhanced. There were 12 lesions with intertumoural necrosis or haemorrhage (24.5%) that were heterogeneously enhanced, and 37 (75.5%) were homogeneously enhanced. A fast washout pattern was observed in 46 lesions (93.9%), synchronous washout in two (4.08%), and slow washout in one (2.04%).

Conclusions

Slow-in, fast-out, and hypo-enhancement properties are associated with renal urothelial carcinoma and may thus have diagnostic value. We found that CEUS is able to identify tumours that are ambiguous by conventional US, and it thus significantly improves the confidence of diagnosis.     

Predictive value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with conventional ultrasound in solid renal parenchymal lesions

Objective:This study aimed to develop a model to predict the risk of malignancy in solid renal parenchymal lesions based on the imaging features of combined conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).Methods:A retrospective review was performed among patients with focal solid renal parenchymal lesions on ultrasound images. Ultrasound features were characterized by two experienced radiologists independently. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the most relevant features and to estimate the risk of malignancy. Scoring and counting methods were developed based on the most relevant features. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).Results:A total of 519 renal lesions were included in this study. The conventional ultrasound features of diameter, echogenicity, hypoechoic rim and the CEUS feature of heterogeneity were identified as the most relevant features for prediction of malignancy. The sensitivity and specificity for the logistic regression model, the scoring method and the counting method were 95.3 and 93.4%, 93.8 and 87.8%, 88.8 and 93.9%, respectively. The logistic model had the best performance for diagnosing malignant renal lesions with AUC of 0.978, compared with the scoring method and the counting method with AUCs of 0.958 and 0.965.Conclusion:The combination of contrast-enhanced ultrasound with conventional ultrasound improved the diagnostic performance of solid renal lesions based on the logistic regression model.Advances in knowledge:In this study, we revealed that the combination of CEUS and conventional ultrasound provided higher accuracy for diagnosing malignant renal tumors.     

超声造影对肝脏局灶性病变的定量分析及临床价值研究

目的探讨超声造影对肝脏局灶性病变的定量分析结果及临床价值。方法选取2017年1月~2019年1月100例肝脏病变患者,根据病变性质分为恶性组(n=67)和良性组(n=33)。分别进行实时超声造影及彩色多普勒超声检查。应用时间-强度曲线(TIC曲线)分析超声造影图像。结合TIC曲线形态及由TIC曲线得到的病灶的始增时间、达峰时间、峰值强度、峰值减半时间,分析良恶性病灶造影灌注特点。分析肝癌病灶超声造影类型与彩色多普勒超声血流分级的肿瘤大小关系。结果恶性组TIC的始增时间、达峰时间、峰值减半时间均明显早于良性组,峰值强度明显强于良性组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。随着血流分级的升高,超声造影类型的环绕型、网络型比率有降低趋势,混合型、树枝型的比率有升高趋势。血流分级与超声造影类型间存在明显相关性(χ²=21.647,P=0.010)。肿瘤≤3 cm的病灶超声造影类型以环绕型和网络型为主。肿瘤> 3 cm的病灶超声造影类型以混合型和树枝型为主。肿瘤大小与超声造影类型有明显相关性(Z=-3.768,P=0.000)。肿瘤分化程度与超声造影类型间存在明显相关性(χ²=35.950,P=0.000)。结论实时超声造影能显示肝脏局灶性病变内部血流灌注情况、判断肿瘤大小及分化程度,根据造影增强方式和TIC曲线参数能够有效鉴别肝脏良恶性病灶。