肺部结节病CT特征及误诊分析

目的分析肺部结节病多排螺旋CT的特征性影像学表现。资料与方法回顾性分析经病理证实的42例肺部结节病患者的多排螺旋CT影像资料,总结其特征性CT表现。结果 42例结节病首诊误诊11例(26.19%)。影像学表现:肺门纵隔淋巴结增大28例,仅肺门淋巴结增大12例,仅纵隔淋巴结增大1例,肺门纵隔均无淋巴结增大1例;肺内结节沿支气管血管束及胸膜下分布为主38例;肺内不规则大片状实变区1例;小叶间隔不规则结节样增厚8例;支气管牵拉性扩张3例;肺内纤维索条影13例;胸膜下蜂窝影6例;双肺磨玻璃密度影16例;肺内结节病合并双侧乳腺受累1例;上颌窦受累1例;鼻部皮下结节1例。结论肺部结节病的CT表现有一定特征性,最重要的影像学征象是肺内沿淋巴道分布的小结节以及肺门纵隔淋巴结增大,部分不典型结节病影像学诊断困难,应积极进行穿刺活检。     

胸部结节病的多排螺旋CT表现

目的探讨胸部结节病(sarcoidosis)的多排螺旋CT表现,旨在提高对该病的认识及诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经病理或临床随访证实的36例胸部结节病患者的CT和临床资料。结果 36例结节病患者中,仅肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大者6例,肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大并肺内浸润者25例,仅见肺内浸润无淋巴结肿大者5例;肺内表现:肺内小结节沿支气管血管束及胸膜下分布者19例,小叶间隔不规则增厚者16例,实变影17例,"磨玻璃影"3例,蜂窝变10例。淋巴结表现:双肺门、上纵隔右下气管旁、气管隆突下分布多见,平扫CT值均匀,增强扫描呈中度以上明显强化。结论双侧肺门淋巴结对称性肿大和/或纵隔淋巴结肿大,以及沿支气管血管束分布的不规则结节影是肺部结节病特征性影像学表现,多平面重组(MPR)图像对该病的诊断有较高的价值。     

胸部结节病的CT诊断

目的:分析胸部结节病的CT表现,提高对本病的认识和诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经活检病理证实或临床治疗观察符合诊断标准的26例胸部结节病的CT表现。结果:26例结节病中,肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大23例(88.5%),其中肺门或/和纵隔淋巴结肿大8例(30.7%),肺门或/和纵隔淋巴结肿大伴有肺内病变15例(57.7%),仅见肺部浸润性改变而无淋巴结肿大1例(3.8%),肺纤维性改变2例(7.7%)。肺内主要表现为结节影15例,支气管血管束增粗7例,小叶间隔增厚4例,实变影1例,磨玻璃影1例。结论:双侧肺门对称性淋巴结肿大和/或纵隔淋巴结肿大以及沿支气管血管束分布的结节影是胸部结节病的特征性表现;不典型者需密切结合临床检查及治疗后随访。     

胸内结节病的CT诊断分析

目的：探讨和分析胸内结节病的CT表现及特征。方法：回顾性分析24例经病理证实的结节病的临床资料及CT影像学表现。结果：胸内淋巴结肿大22例,其中肺门和纵隔淋巴结均肿大16例,仅肺门淋巴结肿大3例,仅纵隔淋巴结肿大2例,内乳淋巴结肿大1例;淋巴结钙化2例。17例行增强扫描,其中12例呈中等以上均匀强化,2例囊变,2例呈环行强化,1例无强化。24例中既有胸内淋巴结肿大同时发现肺部浸润改变19例,结节15例,其中小结节12例,大结节3例;结节大小、多种分布形式同时存在的2例;团块5例;毛玻璃影3例;支气管血管束增粗10例;小叶间隔线影11例;支气管狭窄4例;胸膜结节、增厚及胸腔积液各1例。结论：胸内结节病是结节病的局部表现,缺乏特异性,影像学形态多样,CT检查对肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大尤其对肺实质病变的表现具有一定特征性,有助于提高诊断准确率,对临床观察疗效具有指导作用。     

64层螺旋CT在肺部结节病影像学诊断中的价值

目的分析64层螺旋CT肺部结节病的影像学表现,特别是结节病CT强化后的特征性表现,以提高对本病的认识和诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经病理证实及临床治疗符合诊断标准的21例肺部结节病的CT表现。结果 21例结节病中,肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大20例,肺内病变18例,其中沿支气管血管束分布及胸膜下肺结节13例,5例有磨玻璃影。结论双肺门对称性淋巴结增大、纵隔淋巴结增大以及沿支气管血管束分布的结节影为结节病的特征性表现。需与胸内恶性淋巴瘤、结核及胸部转移瘤的鉴别,可以从纵隔淋巴结的好发部位,强化方式等方面进行鉴别;另外结节病对激素治疗有效。     

胸部结节病的影像学诊断

目的回顾性分析胸部结节病的影像学表现,进一步提高对此病的认识,减少误诊。方法分析36例符合诊断标准的胸部结节病的胸片及CT表现。结果胸部淋巴结增大34例,其中两侧肺门及纵隔淋巴结增大22例,两侧肺门淋巴结增大而无纵隔淋巴结增大2例,一侧肺门及纵隔淋巴结增大7例,一侧肺门淋巴结增大而无纵隔淋巴结增大1例,仅有纵隔淋巴结增大2例。肺部病变25例,其中多发结节18例,条索状影13例,磨玻璃样影11例,支气管血管束增厚5例,空气潴留4例,实变2例。支气管改变8例,胸膜病变3例。CT对纵隔内较小淋巴结及肺内病灶的检出率明显高于胸片。结论有典型影像学表现的胸部结节病诊断容易;不典型者诊断困难,需密切结合临床及治疗后随访。     

胸部结节病的影像学诊断

【摘要】目的：回顾性分析胸部结节病的影像学表现,进一步提高对此病的认识,减少误诊。方法：分析36例符合诊断标准的胸部结节病的胸片及CT表现。结果：胸部淋巴结增大34例,其中两侧肺门及纵隔淋巴结增大22例,两侧肺门淋巴结增大而无纵隔淋巴结增大2例,一侧肺门及纵隔淋巴结增大7例,一侧肺门淋巴结增大而无纵隔淋巴结增大1例,仅有纵隔淋巴结增大2例。肺部病变25例,其中多发结节18例,条索状影13例,磨玻璃样影11例,支气管血管束增厚5例,空气潴留4例,实变2例。支气管改变8例,胸膜病变3例。CT对纵隔内较小淋巴结及肺内病灶的检出率明显高于胸片。结论：有典型影像学表现的胸部结节病诊断容易;不典型者诊断困难,需密切结合临床及治疗后随访。     

胸部结节病的CT诊断

目的：探讨胸部结节病的CT表现。方法：回顾性分析经临床和病理证实并在治疗前后都进行CT扫描的23例胸部结节病的CT征象。结果：21例有广泛的纵隔和对称性肺门肿大的淋巴结，增大的淋巴结内部密度均匀，边缘相对清楚，无浸润性改变，增强扫描淋巴结均匀强化；9例见增大的淋巴结使周围支气管受压、移位。肺实质异常15例(其中13例伴有肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大)，主要表现为沿淋巴管分布的微小结节，多分布在肺门旁支气管血管束周围、胸膜下和小叶间隔；肺问质纤维化2例。结论：CT对胸内结节病的诊断有一定的价值。     

艾滋病合并肺部卡波西肉瘤的CT表现

【摘要】目的：探讨艾滋病合并肺部卡波西肉瘤的CT表现及特征。方法：回顾性分析19例艾滋病合并肺部卡波西肉瘤患者的临床及胸部CT表现。结果：19例艾滋病合并肺部卡波西肉瘤患者中,发现双肺内多发结节影16例,多发斑片状实变影8例;其中肺内结节影均沿支气管血管束分布。双肺支气管血管束增厚9例,同时合并小叶间隔增厚。纵隔淋巴结肿大10例,9例发现少量胸水,均累及双侧胸腔。19例患者均未发现病变累及段以上支气管内壁。17例患者发现卡波西肉瘤时,体内CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数低于100个/UL。结论：艾滋病合并肺部卡波西肉瘤患者胸部CT表现以双肺各叶多发结节影和斑片状实变影多见,肺内结节影多沿支气管血管束分布;斑片状实变影形态多不规则,类似火焰状为其特征性改变。     

结节病的CT诊断价值探讨

目的：评价结节病的CT诊断价值。方法：经气管镜透壁活检病理证实的48例结节病患者，行螺旋CT及部分层面高分辨扫描。结果：CT表现如下：1）纵膈肺门淋巴结肿大者23例，其中2例右中叶和下叶支气管壁增厚，右中叶实变和阻塞性炎症。1例肿大淋巴结压迫右肺上叶支气管致阻塞性炎症，1例左肺门淋巴结肿大致左肺上叶舌段炎症。2）纵膈淋巴结肿大及双肺内结节影20例，其中4例伴有右侧胸腔少量积液，2例伴双侧胸腔少量积液，1例左侧胸腔少量积液。3）5例以肺内结节影及纤维化改变为主。结论：结节病行螺旋CT检查，能检出胸部平片不能发现的淋巴结，发现胸片不能显示的早期肺部轻微病变；高分辨CT较常规CT更多、更易发现肺微小结节，对肺部毛玻璃样改变，肺小叶间隔增厚，以及早期纤维化的显示优于常规CT；CT检查能准确有效地对结节病进行分期，并能随访病情的变化。但在结节病的定性诊断上要依据病理。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在肺癌性淋巴管病的影像学特征及诊断价值

目的探讨肺癌性淋巴管病（PLC）18F-FDG PET/CT的影像学特征及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院2016年8月至2017年9月临床确诊的53例PLC患者,均行PET/CT+薄层屏气CT扫描。利用CT扫描数据对PET图像进行衰减校正,采用TrueX+飞行时间法重建图像并进行分析、总结。测定各感兴趣区的平均标准化摄取值（SUV_mean）并计算标准化比值（SUR）,比较不同区域的SUV_mean和SUR的差异。结果53例PLC患者中,51例（96%,51/53）可见增厚小叶间隔伴放射性摄取,增厚小叶间隔所在肺野SUV_mean明显高于正常肺野,差异有统计学意义（1.46±0.92 vs.0.58±0.18,t=19.85,P < 0.01）;增厚小叶间隔肺野/纵隔血池的SUR高于正常小叶间隔肺野/纵隔血池的SUR,差异有统计学学意义（0.84±0.38 vs.0.40±0.21,t=12.77,P < 0.01）。51例（96%,51/53）可见支气管血管束放射性摄取增强。PLC累及支气管血管束SUV_mean明显高于正常支气管血管束,差异有统计学意义（3.85±1.67 vs.0.90±0.19,t=15.45,P < 0.01）。增粗支气管血管束/纵隔血池的SUR高于正常支气管血管束/纵隔血池的SUR（2.89±0.94 vs.0.59±0.19,t=12.62,P < 0.01）。51例（96%,51/53）可见肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大伴放射性摄取增强。结论典型PLC患者的PET/CT融合显像特征为支气管血管束增粗伴放射性浓聚;PLC累及小叶间隔结节样增厚伴放射性摄取增高;肺门和纵隔淋巴结肿大或显示伴放射性异常浓聚。PET/CT融合显像结合局部SUV_mean和SUR的测定,不但可以更早地诊断PLC病灶,而且可以提高对PCL病灶诊断的准确率。     

The CT findings of pulmonary sarcoidosis: analysis of 25 patients

We analyzed the CT findings in 25 patients with biopsy-proved pulmonary sarcoidosis. In all 25 patients, 10-mm collimation scans were available. In 16 of the 25 patients, select 1.5-mm scans were obtained. These were retrospectively targeted by using a 20- to 25-cm field of view and a high-spatial-resolution algorithm. The CT and pathologic findings were compared in two patients in whom surgical specimens of the lung were available. CT findings included hilar and mediastinal adenopathy (n = 22), subpleural nodules (n = 19), and 1- to 10-mm-diameter nodules (n = 17) and irregular linear densities (n = 12), both mainly along the bronchovascular structures. High-resolution CT was superior to conventional CT in the assessment of subpleural nodules and irregular linear densities, but conventional CT was superior in the assessment of peribronchovascular nodules. The two gross pathologic specimens showed the sarcoid granulomas to be mostly along the lymphatics in the peribronchovascular sheath and, to a lesser extent, in subpleural and interlobar septal lymphatics. We conclude that the characteristic CT appearance of pulmonary sarcoidosis consists of small nodules and irregular linear densities along the bronchovascular bundles.     

Imaging Features of Pulmonary Leukemic Infiltration With Comparison of Lymphoid and Myeloid Leukemias

PurposeTo describe the imaging findings of lung infiltration by leukemia and differential findings of lymphoid and myeloid leukemias.Materials and MethodsThrough a search of electronic medical records from 2005 to 2017, we identified 21 patients with pathologically proven lung involvement by leukemia. Concurrent CT findings were analyzed by 2 chest radiologists in consensus for ground glass or consolidative opacities, septal thickening, bronchovascular bundle thickening, pulmonary nodules, pulmonary masses, and hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.ResultsThere were 13 cases of lymphoid leukemias and 8 of myeloid leukemias. Nodules and masses were the most common imaging feature (n = 13, 62%). Bronchovascular bundle thickening and hilar lymphadenopathy were exclusively seen in lymphoid leukemias (P = 0.01 and P = 0.006). Centrilobular nodules were also exclusively seen in 3 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.ConclusionLung infiltration by leukemia presents most commonly with nodules or masses, but interstitial abnormalities such as bronchovascular bundle thickening were seen as well. Radiologists should consider leukemic infiltration in the differential diagnosis for nodules, including centrilobular nodules, in these patients.     

肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型淋巴瘤的CT表现及诊断价值

目的探讨肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型(MALT)淋巴瘤的CT影像学表现及特征。资料与方法回顾性分析15例确诊的肺MALT淋巴瘤的CT影像学表现。结果 CT表现为实变12例(80%),团块9例(60%),结节7例(46.7%),斑片影11例(73.3%),磨玻璃影5例(33.3%),支气管血管束增粗6例(40%),支气管充气征8例(53.3%),均合并分布在实变、团块中,间质纤维化1例(6.7%),胸膜改变14例(93.3%),肺门纵隔淋巴结增大4例(26.7%),团块、实变、斑片影合并存在6例(40%)。结论肺MALT淋巴瘤主要表现为实变、团块、结节、斑片影等,多合并存在,实变团块中多见支气管充气征,团块边缘较模糊。病程较长,病灶可以较长时间没有影像学变化。     

Thoracic CT findings of adult T-cell leukemia or lymphoma

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess pulmonary CT findings in patients with adult T-cell leukemia or lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed CT scans of the lung in 87 patients with adult T-cell leukemia or lymphoma who had undergone chest CT between January 1996 and March 2002 at two institutions. The CT scans were interpreted by two chest radiologists working in consensus. Parenchymal abnormalities (ground-glass attenuation, consolidation, nodules, thickening of bronchovascular bundles, interlobular septal thickening, honeycombing, crazy-paving appearance, and bronchiectasis) were evaluated, as were enlarged lymph nodes, pleural effusion, and pleural thickening. In 46 patients who underwent surgical biopsy or autopsy, CT-pathologic correlation was performed with the actual specimens by a pathologist and two chest radiologists. RESULTS: On the CT scans, abnormal findings were seen in 60 patients (69.0%). CT findings consisted of ground-glass attenuation (n = 37), centrilobular nodules (n = 25), thickening of bronchovascular bundles (n = 22), and consolidation (n = 13). These abnormalities were predominantly seen in the peripheral lung parenchyma (n = 26). Pathologically, these findings corresponded with atypical lymphocyte infiltration along the interstitium and the alveolar spaces. Pleural effusion and enlarged lymph nodes were found in 22 and 27 patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: CT findings in patients with adult T-cell leukemia or lymphoma consisted mainly of ground-glass attenuation, centrilobular nodules, and thickening of the bronchovascular bundles in the peripheral lung. These findings, although nonspecific, are considered suggestive of thoracic involvement in patients with adult T-cell leukemia or lymphoma.     

Pulmonary CT findings in 320 carriers of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate pulmonary computed tomographic (CT) findings in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers, who were characterized by means of polyclonal integration of proviral DNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was waived. Chest CT scans obtained between January 1996 and October 2004 in 320 (154 men, 166 women; age range, 31-86 years; mean, 64 years) patients with HTLV-1 were retrospectively evaluated by three chest radiologists. Parenchymal abnormalities (ground-glass opacity, consolidation, centrilobular nodules, thickening of bronchovascular bundles, interlobular septal thickening, and bronchiectasis) were evaluated, along with enlarged lymph nodes and pleural effusion. In 58 patients who underwent surgical biopsy or transbronchial biopsy, comparison of CT images with the actual specimens was performed by a pathologist and three chest radiologists. RESULTS: On CT scans, abnormal findings were seen in 98 (30.1%) patients and consisted of centrilobular nodules (n = 95), thickening of bronchovascular bundles (n = 55), ground-glass opacity (n = 51), bronchiectasis (n = 50), interlobular septal thickening (n = 28), and consolidation (n = 5). These abnormalities were predominantly seen in the peripheral lung parenchyma (n = 70). Pathologically, these findings corresponded to lymphocytic infiltration along respiratory bronchioles and bronchovascular bundles. Pleural effusion and enlarged lymph nodes were found in two and five patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: CT findings in patients with HTLV-1 consisted mainly of centrilobular nodules, ground-glass opacity, and thickening of the bronchovascular bundles in the peripheral lung. These CT findings are considered suggestive of thoracic involvement in patients with HTLV-1.     

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia: thin-section CT findings in 22 patients.

PURPOSE: To assess the thin-section computed tomographic (CT) findings of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 22 patients (five men, 17 women; age range, 24-83 years; mean age, 50 years) with biopsy-proved lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. The CT scans were obtained by using 1-3-mm collimation and reconstructed by using a high-spatial-frequency algorithm. RESULTS: The predominant abnormalities consisted of areas of ground-glass attenuation and poorly defined centrilobular nodules present in all 22 patients and subpleural small nodules seen in 19 patients. Other common findings included thickening of bronchovascular bundles (n - 19), interlobular septal thickening (n = 18), cystic airspaces (n = 15), and lymph node enlargement (n = 15). Less common findings included large nodules, emphysema, airspace consolidation, bronchiectasis, architectural distortion, honeycombing, and pleural thickening. CONCLUSION: Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia is characterized by the presence of ground-glass attenuation, poorly defined centrilobular nodules, and thickening of the interstitium along the lymphatic vessels. Lymph node enlargement is more common than previously recognized; it was seen in 68% of patients.     

不典型胸部结节病的CT表现

目的　认识不典型胸部结节病的发生情况和CT表现。方法　回顾性复习了 4 3例 (平均年龄 5 2 14岁 )符合诊断标准的胸部结节病的CT影像表现 ,凡无两侧肺门淋巴结肿大者为不典型胸部结节病。结果　 2 2例 (5 1 16 % )呈不典型表现 ,其中以仅有纵隔淋巴结肿大者最多 (9例 ,2 0 93% ) ,其次为伴纵隔淋巴结肿大的一侧肺门淋巴结肿大 (6例 ,13 95 % )和无纵隔淋巴结肿大的一侧肺门淋巴结肿大 (1例 ,2 33% ) ;6例仅有肺部异常表现 ,而无胸部淋巴结肿大 ,在初诊时均误诊。18例 (81 82 % )不典型者发生在 >5 0岁的病例中 ,仅 4例 (18 18% )发生在 <5 0岁的病例中。结论　半数胸部结节病病例的CT表现不典型 ,多发生在 >5 0岁的较年长者中 ,容易引起误诊     

多发性肌炎和无肌病皮肌炎肺部损害的CT分析

目的:探讨CT在诊断多发性肌炎和无肌病的皮肌炎肺损害的价值.材料和方法:使用东芝Asteion四层螺旋CT机对2001年6月～2003年12月我院收治的7例确诊皮肌炎患者的肺部进行扫描.结果:磨玻璃状阴影7例;小叶间隔增厚6例,胸膜下弧线影6例,支气管血管束影像异常改变7例,胸膜增厚7例,轮状或蜂窝状阴影5例,主要分布于两下肺野及胸膜下区.结论:CT可作为诊断多发性肌炎和无肌病的皮肌炎肺部损害的有效手段.