MRI of the brain in the Kearns- Sayre syndrome: report of four cases and a review

We report brain MRI findings in four patients with typical Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) and correlate them with clinical manifestations. MRI was interpreted as normal in two patients; cerebral and cerebellar atrophy was seen in the other two. On T2-weighted spin-echo images, two patients had high-signal lesions bilaterally in subcortical white matter, thalamus and brain stem. In one patient, the white matter lesion extended into the deep cerebral white matter and the cerebellum was also affected. The other also had bilateral high-signal lesions in the globus pallidus. There was little correlation between neurological deficits and MRI findings. A review of the literature revealed that 10 of the 13 patients with typical KSS previously studied had bilateral subcortical white-matter lesions on T2-weighted images; at least 7 also had high-signal lesions in the brain stem, globus pallidus, thalamus or cerebellum. Although MRI may be normal or show atrophy, the characteristic finding in KSS is a combination of the high-signal foci in subcortical cerebral white matter and in the brain stem, globus pallidus or thalamus. Received: 23 October 1998 Accepted: 8 February 1999     

The anterior–posterior laxity after total knee arthroplasty inserted with a ligament tensor

Goal of this study is to determine the anterior–posterior laxity in 30° of knee flexion for a posterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty with a relative dished insert and implanted with a ligament tensor. Furthermore, the correlation between these AP laxities and the postoperative range of motion (ROM) and postoperative Knee Society Score (KSS) is analysed. Fifty-one balanSys™ total knee arthroplasties were performed in 49 patients between 1998 and 2000. These arthroplasties are analysed with respect to AP laxity (Rolimeter), ROM and KSS with a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. The mean anterior laxity is 2.8 mm with no posterior laxities at all. The average postoperative ROM is 110° with an average KSS of 142. No correlations between AP-laxity and postoperative ROM or between AP-laxity and postoperative KSS are found. A posterior cruciate retaining TKA with a relative dished insert and implanted with a tensor is very stable in the anterior–posterior direction in 30° of knee flexion. This limited laxity does not seem to disadvantage the mean postoperative ROM and KSS, when compared to other TKA studies.     

Preliminary remarks on a prospective multicenter study of the Repicci minimally invasive unicondylar knee replacement

Prospective multicentric study on unicondylar knee arthroplasties using the minimally invasive method described by Repicci. Three hundred and seventy nine unicondylar knee arthroplasties in patients with an average age of 66 years were examined preoperatively and 40 weeks postoperatively. In 98.4% of the cases the medial compartment was replaced. The examination was documented using the Knee Society Score (KSS). Radiological examination was done using films of the knee in two planes in standing position and a long leg axis film. The mean KSS increased significantly (P<0.005) from 100.1 (SD 21.7) before surgery to 179.1 (SD 24.0) postoperatively. Ninety-five of the patients were subjectively satisfied with the procedure. Using correlation analysis, we found that osteoarthritic changes of the patella had a highly significant (p=0.001) influence on the KSS results. Patients age and the pain subscale of the KSS also had a highly significant (p=0.01) influence on the KSS result. Short-term results of the Repicci unicondylar arthroplasty using the minimally invasive technique are encouraging in terms of patient satisfaction. It became apparent that osteoarthritic changes of the patella, flexion contractures and extension deficits have a considerable influence on the overall result.     

Midterm follow-up after implantation of a polyurethane meniscal scaffold for segmental medial meniscus loss: maintenance of good clinical and MRI outcome

Purpose

The preservation of meniscal structure and function after segmental meniscal loss is of crucial importance to prevent early development of osteoarthritis. Implantation of artificial meniscal implants has been reported as a feasible treatment option. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results 4 years after implantation of a polyurethane scaffold for chronic segmental medial meniscus deficiency following partial medial meniscectomy.

Methods

Eighteen patients received arthroscopic implantation of an Actifit^® polyurethane meniscal implant (Orteq Sports Medicine, London, UK) for deficiency of the medial meniscus. Patients were followed at 6, 12, 24, and 48 months. Clinical outcome was assessed using established patient-reported outcome scores (KOOS, KSS, UCLA Activity Scale, VAS for pain). Radiological outcome was quantified by MRI scans after 6, 12, 24, and 48 months evaluating scaffold morphology, tissue integration, and status of the articular cartilage as well as signs of inflammation.

Results

Median patient age was 32.5 years (range 17–49 years) with a median meniscal defect size of 44.5 mm (range 35–62 mm). Continuing improvement of the VAS and KSS Knee and Function Scores could be observed after 48 months compared to baseline, whereas improvement of the activity level according to UCLA continued only up to 24 months and decreased from there on. The KOOS Score showed significant improvement in all dimensions. MRI scans showed reappearance of bone bruises in two patients with scaffold extrusion. No significant changes in the articular cartilage could be perceived.

Conclusion

Arthroscopic treatment for patients with chronic segmental meniscal loss using a polyurethane meniscal implant can achieve sustainable midterm results regarding pain reduction and knee function.

Level of evidence

IV.

     

No difference in ROM and knee function between mobile and floating platforms in TKA

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the floating platforms (FP) were superior to rotating platforms (RP) in computer-navigated total knee arthroplasty (TKA) comparing the range of motion (ROM) as well as clinical and subjective function of the knee.

Methods

This retrospective non-randomized single-centre cohort study includes 255 patients with a primary implanted computer-navigated e.motion? (Aesculap B. Braun) TKA system, implanted because of clinical and radiological verified gonarthrosis. In 129 patients, the FP platform was implanted, and in 126 patients, the RP platform. As statistical procedures for differences between inlay type RP/FP in ROM and Knee Society Score (KSS) after 3- and 24-month follow-up, an analysis of covariance (with risk factors gender, age, BMI, preoperative ROM and preoperative KSS) was performed.

Results

Although preoperative ROM and knee society function score (KSS partII) were significantly higher in the FP group before surgery, there was no significant difference between RP and FP in ROM and KSS at 3- and 24-month follow-up.

Conclusion

The FP platform design did not have an advantage in ROM as well as in clinical and subjective knee function compared with the RP platform in computer-navigated TKA neither in early follow-up examinations at 3 months postoperatively nor at long-time follow-up at 24 months postoperatively.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic study, Level III.     

Translation and validation of ‘The Knee Society Clinical Rating System’ into Spanish

Purpose

The Knee Society Clinical Rating System (KSS) is a questionnaire evaluating knee function itself and the patient’s ability to walk and climb stairs. The aim of our study is to present the validated translation of KSS into Spanish.

Methods

The validated method of translation–retrotranslation was used to translate KSS into Spanish. Three hundred and sixteen patients undergoing primary knee arthroplasty, before surgery and 6 months postoperative, completed the questionnaire (with an orthopedist’s help). Psychometric properties of feasibility (percentage of no answers), validity and sensitivity to change (test’s ability to detect change in patients’ functional status over time) were assessed. In the second part of the study, the translated version of KSS was compared with two already validated questionnaires (SF-36 and WOMAC).

Results

During the translation process, item 3 (ROM) presented low appropriateness and null comprehensibility. The alternative writing proposed was ‘for every 5°, we sum up 1 point, as if 8° were 1 point, to obtain the maximum scoring of 25 points you should bend more than 200°’. Feasibility: the item ‘malalignment’ obtained 15 % of missing item at visit 1. The percentage of invalid items was high in both visits (60 and 47 %). Validity: the coefficients of convergent correlation with WOMAC and SF-36 scales confirm the questionnaire’s validity. Sensitivity to change: significant differences were found in all cases between the mean scores comparing both visits.

Conclusion

The translated version 1.1 of KSS (final version) has shown to be feasible, valid and sensible to changes within the clinical practice of patients undergoing primary knees arthroplasty.

Level of evidence

Prognostic study, Level I.     

Visual pathways evaluation in Kearns Sayre syndrome: a diffusion tensor imaging study

Neuroradiology - Kearns Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a mitochondrial disorder characterized by development of visual impairment. Electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potentials are not able to...     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗严重畸形膝关节临床研究

目的：探讨人工全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty, TKA）治疗严重畸形膝关节的手术方法和临床疗效。方法对人工全膝关节置换术916例（1031膝）,严重畸形膝关节置换术80例,其中56例（70膝）成功随访。严重内翻畸形19例（23膝）、严重外翻畸形21例（27膝）、严重屈曲畸形16例（20膝）。术后平均随访时间60个月（6个月～10年）。对膝关节屈伸活动度、HSS、KSS膝关节评分系统对手术前后进行回顾性研究。结果膝关节屈伸活动度由术前平均80°（伸直0°～屈曲120°）提高到术后115°（伸直0°～屈曲130°）,膝关节评分系统 HSS、KSS术前及随访时比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,KSS评分：临床评分由术前平均33分（10～68分）提高到术后平均81分（70～100分）,HSS临床评分由术前平均43分（27～68分）提高到术后平均86分（72～100分）。膝内外翻、屈曲挛缩畸形得到较好矫正。结论严重畸形膝关节通过关节置换术同样能恢复正常的关节功能,提高了患者生活质量,获得满意的临床疗效。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗胫骨平台骨折内固定术后创伤性关节炎回顾性研究

目的探讨胫骨平台骨折内固定术后创伤性骨关节炎的人工全膝关节置换术及其临床疗效。方法北京积水潭医院矫形骨科自2003年1月至2015年1月,收治12例(12膝)胫骨平台骨折术后创伤性关节炎患者。所有患者骨折后均曾行切开复位内固定术治疗。应用KSS评分和功能评分术前和术后随访评估。术前膝关节屈伸活动度(80.0°±34.9°)。膝关节学会KSS评分(62.7±11.1)分,功能评分(61.7±10.7)分。12例患者均行全膝关节置换术。9例患者选择后稳定型假体,2例患者选择限制性LCCK假体,1例患者选择旋转铰链膝关节假体。结果本组共12例患者,1例患者出现伤口并发症和浅表感染,1例患者术中内侧副韧带部分撕脱。术后随访1~13年(平均4.3年),无晚期并发症出现。末次随访时,KSS评分(80.5±10.4)分,功能评分(82.5±16.6)分,膝关节屈伸活动度(101.7°±16.0°),均较术前显著改善(P<0.05)。结论胫骨平台骨折内固定术后创伤性骨关节炎的人工全膝关节置换术可以显著改善患者的关节功能,但易出现感染及伤口并发症,具有较高的技术要求。     

Do tibiofemoral contact point and posterior condylar offset influence outcome and range of motion in a mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty?

Purpose

The posterior condylar offset (PCO) and the tibiofemoral contact point (CP) have been reported as important factors that can influence range of motion and clinical outcome after total knee arthroplasty. A mobile-bearing knee implant with an anterior posterior gliding insert would in theory be more sensitive for changes in PCO and CP. For this reason, we analysed the PCO and CP and the relation with outcome and range of motion in 132 patients from a prospectively documented cohort in this type of implant.

Methods

The prosthesis used was a posterior cruciate retaining AP gliding mobile-bearing total knee replacement (SAL II Sulzer Medica, Switzerland). In 132 knees, the pre- and postoperative PCO and postoperative CP were evaluated. Measurements were made on X-rays of the knee taken in approximately 90° of flexion and with less than 3-mm rotation of the femur condyles. The outcome parameters, range of motion (ROM) and the knee society score (KSS), for each knee were determined preoperatively and at 5-year follow-up.

Results

The mean KSS improved from 91 to 161 at 5-year follow-up (p < 0.001) and the mean ROM from 102 to 108 (p < 0.05). The mean PCO difference (postoperative PCO–preoperative PCO) was—0.05 mm (SD 2.15). The CP was on average 53.9 % (SD 5.5 %). ROM was different between the 3 PCO groups (p = 0.05): patients with 3 or more mm decrease in PCO had the best postoperative ROM (p = 0.047). There was no statistical difference between the postoperative ROM between patients with a stable PCO and those with an increased PCO. There was no correlation between the difference in PCO and the difference in ROM; R _Pearson = ?0.056. There was no difference in postoperative ROM or postoperative total KSS between CP <60 % and CP >60 %: p = 0.22, p = 0.99, for ROM and KSS, respectively. Scatter plots showed uniform clouds of values: increase or decrease in PCO and CP had no significant influence on ROM or KSS.

Conclusion

The hypotheses that a stable PCO and a more natural CP increase postoperative ROM and improve clinical outcome could not be confirmed. On the contrary, a decreased PCO seemed to improve knee flexion. Furthermore, a relationship between PCO and CP could not be found.

Level of evidence

Prospective cohort study, Level II.