RP-HPLC法测定盐酸氯环利嗪片的含量

目的 建立反相高效液相色谱法测定盐酸氯环利嗪片的含量.方法 采用Agela C18色谱柱;柱温:30℃;流动相:乙腈-0.01 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾(含0.4％三乙胺,磷酸调节pH5.5)(45∶55);流速:1.0mL·min-1;检测波长:260 nm.结果 盐酸氯环利嗪在0.4～4 μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9998);平均回收率为99.9％;RSD为0.2％(n=9).结论 该方法简便、准确、可靠,专属性强,可用于盐酸氯环利嗪片的含量测定.     

盐酸非那嗪奈含量及有关物质的HPLC法测定

建立了高效液相色谱法测定盐酸非那嗪奈的含量及有关物质.使用LiChroCART RP-18色谱柱,流动相为0.3％三乙胺溶液(用磷酸调至pH 7.0)-甲醇(37∶63),检测波长246 nm.盐酸非那嗪奈与有关物质的分离度良好.线性范围为0.01～2 mg/ml,平均回收率为100.1％,RSD为0.13％.     

盐酸瑞芬太尼有关物质的HPLC法测定

通过合成获得盐酸瑞芬太尼主要有关物质,确证其结构为4-(甲氧基羰基)-4-[(N-1-氧代丙基)苯胺基]-1-哌啶丙酸,并建立了高效液相色谱法测定盐酸瑞芬太尼中的有关物质.采用Kromasil氰基柱,流动相为0.03 mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(pH 3.0)-甲醇-乙腈(80∶16∶4),检测波长225 nm.盐酸瑞芬太尼及其主要有关物质在1～15 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好.     

复方地塞米松涂膜中醋酸地塞米松和盐酸达克罗宁的HPLC法测定

建立了高效液相色谱法测定复方地塞米松涂膜中的醋酸地塞米松和盐酸达克罗宁.以盐酸丁卡因为内标,采用Diamonsil C18ODS色谱柱,以甲醇-水-三乙胺(70∶30∶0.36,用冰乙酸调至pH 6.2)为流动相,检测波长为240 nm (醋酸地塞米松)和300 nm(盐酸达克罗宁、盐酸丁卡因).醋酸地塞米松和盐酸达克罗宁分别在7～13 μg/ml和280～520 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好.平均回收率为98.6％和101.3％,RSD为0.90％和0.99％.     

d-生物素有关物质的HPLC测定

建立了HPLC法测定d-生物素的有关物质.采用C18色谱柱,流动相为0.05%三氟乙酸溶液-乙腈(75∶25),检测波长210 nm.d-生物素在10～1000 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,检测限为0.5 ng.有关物质的检测限均小于1.0 ng.     

氯芬黄敏片的有关物质检查

目的 采用高效液相色谱法对氯芬黄敏片进行有关物质检查.方法 色谱柱:HyperClone 5 μ m BDSC18(4.60 mm×150 mm);流动相:庚烷磺酸钠溶液(庚烷磺酸钠15.2 mg,加三乙胺0.8ml,加水800 ml,用冰醋酸调pH至3.3±0.1,加水至1000ml)甲醇-乙腈(25∶ 30∶ 18);检测波长:262 nm;进样体积:20μl;流速:1.0 ml/min.结果 马来酸氯苯钠敏、双氯芬酸钠与其它有关物质均达到基线分离,最小检测浓度为1.18 μg/ml.结论 该法专属性强,操作方便,结果准确,重现性好,可用于氯芬黄敏片的有关物质检查.     

NP-HPLC法拆分特拉唑嗪对映体

建立了正相高效液相色谱法拆分特拉唑嗪对映体.采用Chiralpak AD-H手性色谱柱,考察了流动相组成、流速及柱温对对映体分离的影响.确定最佳拆分条件:流动相为正己烷-异丙醇-二乙胺(65∶35∶0.1),流速0.7 ml/min,检测波长254 nm,柱温25℃.在此条件下特拉唑嗪对映体的分离度为3.1.两对映体在2.5～7.5 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.8％和99.4％,RSD为0.44％和0.42％.     

RP-HPLC法测定盐酸氟桂利嗪片含量及含量均匀度

目的 建立RP-HPLC法测定盐酸氟桂利嗪的含量及含量均匀度.方法 采用Agela MP C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲液(取磷酸二氢钾1.36g,加水溶解并稀释至1000 mL,加三乙胺4 mL,用磷酸调节pH至3.5)(75:25)为流动相,流速0.8 mL·min-1,检测波长253 nm,柱温30℃,进样量20 μL.结果 盐酸氟桂利嗪在3.7～24.6 μg·mL-1浓度范围内呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999);平均回收率(n=10)为99.9％,RSD为0.9％.结论 本法简便、准确,专属性强,重复性好,可用于盐酸氟桂利嗪的含量及含量均匀度测定.     

高效液相色谱法与薄层色谱法测定盐酸特拉唑嗪片有关物质的比较

目的:通过用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)与薄层色谱法(TLC)测定盐酸特拉唑嗪片中有关物质的相关实验数据,确定精确可行、适宜应用的检测方法。方法:HPLC法,色谱柱为Krom asil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸-二乙胺(350∶650∶10∶0.3),流速为1 m l/m in,检测波长为246 nm。TLC法:以硅胶GF254薄层板展开,醋酸乙酯-甲醇-二乙胺(40∶0.5∶3)为展开剂。结果:用TLC法测定,盐酸特拉唑嗪最小检出限为0.025 mg/m l。用HPLC法测定,盐酸特拉唑嗪最低检测浓度为0.05μg/m l。结论:两种方法均可用于盐酸特拉唑嗪片中有关物质的测定。TLC法操作简单、方便。但HPLC法灵敏度更高,方法的最小检出限远低于TLC法,且定量更精确,适用于有关物质的检测。     

HPLC法测定盐酸氯环利嗪片的含量

目的建立测定盐酸氯环利嗪片含量的方法。方法用反相高效液相色谱法测定。采用Inertsil CN柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）;流动相：庚烷磺酸钠溶液（用冰醋酸调节pH至5.0）-甲醇-乙腈（25∶57∶18）;检测波长：259nm;柱温：30℃。结果盐酸氯环利嗪浓度在20～200μg.mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9997）。平均回收率为99.58%,RSD=0.62%（n=9）。结论本法专属性强,简便、灵敏、准确,可用于盐酸氯环利嗪片含量的测定以及质量控制。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Glycofection: The Ubiquitous Roles of Sugar Bound on Glycoplexes

Glycofection (transfection by using sugar-substituted polylysine) was assessed in order to provide an alternative to viral vectors for the transfer of genes into vascular smooth muscle cells. A rabbit vascular smooth muscle cell line (Rb-1 cells) was selectively transfected by using glycoplexes (glycosylated polylysine/pSV2LUC complexes) in the presence of 10 mu M of the fusogenic peptide GALA. A sugar-specific transfection was obtained when the glycofection was conducted for 1 h with glycoplexes containing either alpha Gal, alpha -Glc, alpha -GalNAc, beta -GlcNAc, or beta -GalNAc residues. The gene expression was high after transfection, with glycoplexes bearing alpha Gal, alpha -GalNAc, or beta -GalNAc residues that were weakly internalized, and low with glycoplexes carrying Lact or Rha residues that were well taken up by cells. These results suggest that 1) glycofection can be a good approach for a selective transfer of genes intovascular smooth muscle cells, 2) an efficient uptake of the glycoplexes is not the unique limiting step for an efficient transfection, and 3) the sugar-dependent trafficking of the glycoplexes inside the cells may account for the transfection efficiency.     

直肠癌下切缘病理组织学分析

目的探讨直肠癌逆向浸润与下切缘的安全距离的关系。方法对36例直肠癌Miles手术和Dixon手术后标本的肿瘤下缘1.0cm、2.0cm、3.0cm的肠壁及对应的系膜病理组织学检查,观察直肠癌逆向浸润或转移的距离。结果36例直肠癌标本距癌肿下缘1.0 cm、2.0cm、3.0cm的肠壁及对应的系膜病理组织学检查均为阴性,结论直肠癌远恻逆向浸润或转移未见超过1.0cm,因此认为保肛手术时切除肿瘤远侧肠管(包括系膜)2.0cm是安全的。