牛磺酸对半乳糖性白内障大鼠房水和晶状体游离氨基酸含量的影响

Wistar大鼠ip 80%半乳糖溶液并饮用10%半乳糖诱发半乳糖性白内障，治疗组从试验的d 4开始结膜下注射15%牛磺酸溶液. 在试验的d 3，8，14取大鼠房水，晶状体，采用高效液相色谱仪测量大鼠房水，晶状体中氨基酸含量变化. 结果显示半乳糖性白内障大鼠房水，晶状体中谷氨酸，丙氨酸，丝氨酸，谷氨酰胺，牛磺酸含量明显地下降；治疗组给予牛磺酸后，五种氨基酸的含量不同程度地升高，尤其以谷氨酸，牛磺酸含量升高最为明显. 因此我们认为牛磺酸可以抑制半乳糖性白内障发病过程中游离氨基酸含量的下降.     

中药六味地黄汤对衰老大鼠卵巢组织抗氧化能力的研究

目的探讨六味地黄汤的延缓衰老机制,为六味地黄汤的应用提供理论指导和实验依据。方法选用清洁级8周龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、六味地黄汤组、VE对照组;采用D-半乳糖连续腹腔注射致亚急性衰老大鼠模型的方法 ,六味地黄汤组在造模同时每天灌胃六味地黄汤,连续60d;正常对照组每天灌胃0.9%氯化钠溶液,连续60d。在造模60d后测大鼠卵巢组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、一氧化氮(NO)和诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)的含量来研究该中药方剂延缓衰老的作用及其机制。结果模型组大鼠卵巢组织SOD、GSH-PX、TAOC明显下降,与阴性对照大鼠比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01),造模同时六味地黄汤灌胃组MDA、NO和iNOS含量较模型组下降,SOD、GSH-PX、TAOC与模型组大鼠差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论六味地黄汤具有增强大鼠卵巢组织抗氧化能力的作用,从而延缓D-半乳糖诱发的大鼠卵巢组织衰老。     

显脉旋覆花不同部位体内外抗氧化作用比较

目的为合理利用显脉旋覆花资源,研究了显脉旋覆花体内外抗氧化作用。方法通过水煎法、索氏醇提法及超声醇提法对显脉旋覆花地上及地下部分药用成分进行提取,并通过体内外实验比较了不同部位超声醇提物的抗氧化效果。结果超声醇提所得总酚及总黄酮含量最高,提取物中总酚含量明显高于总黄酮含量;显脉旋覆花超声醇提物对DPPH、ABTS及超氧阴离子自由基都有很好的清除效果,地下部分提取物的清除效果明显优于地上部分;提取物灌药可明显提高D-半乳糖致衰小鼠肝脏、肾脏及血清的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)酶活性,并降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,地上部分高浓度抗氧化效果相当于地下部分低浓度的效果。结论显脉旋覆花醇提物对自由基有良好的清除作用,具有较好的抗氧化能力,地下部分抗氧化的效果明显高于地上部分。     

石斛多糖抗氧化活性研究

目的研究石斛多糖的体内、体外抗氧化活性。方法①体外抗氧化实验：用化学反应法检测石斛多糖对邻苯三酚自氧化反应产生的超氧阴离子和Fenton反应产生的羟自由基的清除作用;②体内抗氧化实验：昆明种小鼠随机分为空白对照组、小剂量组、中剂量组和大剂量组,每组10只。研究石斛多糖对小鼠血清及肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px、MDA的影响。结果石斛多糖具有清除羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的作用,可显著提高小鼠血清和肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力,降低丙二醛（MDA）含量。结论石斛多糖具有明显的抗氧化活性,为进一步开发石斛药材提供依据。     

氯丙烯对大鼠血清中氧化-抗氧化功能的影响

目的探讨氯丙烯亚慢性染毒对大鼠血清中氧化-抗氧化功能的影响。方法选用雄性Wistar大鼠分别以100或200 mg/kg剂量灌胃3个月,测定大鼠血清中还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活力的变化。结果与对照组相比,大鼠血清中GSH含量及T-SOD、T-AOC、GR活性显著降低,其中低剂量组分别降低13.4%、11.1%、22.4%和16.6%(P<0.01),高剂量组分别降低17.5%、24.6%、34.8%和28.1%(P<0.01);MDA含量及GSH-Px活力有增加趋势(P>0.05);ROS含量低剂量组增加12%(P<0.01),高剂量组增加20%(P<0.01)。结论氯丙烯亚慢性染毒可导致大鼠血清中活性氧成分明显增加,抗氧化能力明显减弱,T-AOC及GR活力变化幅度最大。     

益生汤抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究益生汤抗氧化作用.方法:用体外化学模拟体系研究了益生汤清除DPPH自由基、羟基(·OH)自由基和超氧阴离子(O2-)自由基的能力以及益生汤总的还原能力、抑制亚油酸过氧化作用进行了测定;通过D-半乳糖诱导的衰老小鼠研究益生汤对小鼠心肌线粒体超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量及肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的影响.结果:益生汤清除DPPH自由基、·OH自由基和O2-自由基的IC50值分别为0.547 0、0.209 1和0.300 9 mg·ml-1;总还原力的IC50为0.506 2 mg·ml-1;益生汤可明显抑制亚油酸的氧化.体内研究显示,与模型组相比,益生汤可剂量依赖性提高小鼠心肌线粒体中SOD的活性(P＜0.01)和肝组织GSH-Px活性(P＜0.01),降低心肌线粒体中MDA的含量(P＜0.01).结论:益生汤有一定的抗氧化功能,具有良好的开发前景.     

牛磺酸对半乳糖性白内障大鼠房水和晶状体游离氨基酸含量的影响

Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠ｉｐ８０％半乳糖溶液并饮用１０％半乳糖诱发半乳糖性白内障，治疗组从试验的ｄ４开始结膜下注射１５％牛磺酸溶液，在试验的ｄ３，８，１４取大鼠房水，晶状体，采用高效液相色谱仪测量大鼠房水，晶状体中氨基酸含量变化，结晶显示半乳糖性白内障大鼠房水，晶状体中谷氨酸，丙氨酸，丝氨酸，谷氨酰胺，牛磺酸含量明显地下降；治疗组给予牛磺酸后，五种氨基酸的含量不同程度地升高，尤其以谷氨酸，牛磺酸含量升高最为明显．因此我们认为牛磺酸可以抑制半乳糖性白内障发病过程中游离氨基酸含量的下降．     

紫外线照射对SD大鼠晶状体抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的 以紫外线照射SD大鼠为研究模型,观察紫外线对晶状体中抗氧化酶[(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)]活性的影响。方法 将30只6周龄SD大鼠随机分为五组,每组6只,对照组不做处理,其余四组实验组腹腔注射水合氯醛(10%,0.35 m L/100 g)麻醉大鼠,紫外灯正对大鼠眼球照射15 min,照射强度1.0×103μW/cm2。分别于紫外线照射后1、3、5、7 d颈椎脱臼处死SD大鼠,立即取出晶状体,观察晶状体是否浑浊,并拍照记录;比色法检测晶状体中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性及超氧阴离子(O2-)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果 紫外线照射后晶状体的浑浊程度随时间延长而逐渐加重;晶状体中SOD活性较对照组显著降低,而O2-含量显著升高,GSH-Px活性显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);紫外线照射后3、5、7 d晶状体中CAT活性较对照组显著降低,而H2O2含量较对照组显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);紫外线照射后晶状体中MDA含量较对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 紫外线诱导白内障的发生与晶状体中抗氧化酶(SOD、GSH-Px、CAT)活性降低有关。     

鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白水解肽抗氧化活性研究

目的探讨秘鲁鱿鱼(Dosidicus eschrichitiiSteenstrup)皮胶原蛋白多肽组分对自由基的清除作用以及水解产物的体内抗氧化作用,为鱿鱼加工废弃物的高值化利用探索一条新途径。方法采用化学发光法研究胶原蛋白活性多肽体外对超氧阴离子自由基(O2.-)和羟自由基(.OH)的清除作用,并筛选出体外清除自由基活性最好的组分;灌胃于D-半乳糖致衰老的模型小鼠,测定小鼠血液及皮肤中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和丙二醛(MDA)及羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量。结果与结论鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白多肽分子量小于2000D组分对O2.-和.OH具有较好的清除效果,该活性多肽组分可以提高小鼠血液及皮肤中SOD和GSH-Px的活力,降低MDA含量,并能提高小鼠皮肤组织中Hyp的含量。     

芙蓉菊多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

目的研究芙蓉菊多糖的体外抗氧化活性。方法采用1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、还原力、超氧阴离子、羟自由基4种体外抗氧化模型研究芙蓉菊多糖的抗氧化活性,用维生素C作对照。结果芙蓉菊粗多糖对DPPH自由基、还原力、超氧阴离子、羟自由基均有明显的清除能力,其中DPPH、超氧阴离子、羟自由基的EC50值分别为0.273、0.669、0.594mg/mL,对羟自由基清除能力强于维生素C。芙蓉菊多糖对自由基清除率与其质量浓度存在着明显的量效关系。结论芙蓉菊多糖具有良好的体外抗氧化活性,作为天然抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂有进一步研究的价值。     

Taurine protects against methotrexate-induced toxicity and inhibits leukocyte death

The efficacy of methotrexate (MTX), a widely used cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent, is often limited by severe side effects and toxic sequelae. Regarding the mechanisms of these side effects, several hypotheses have been put forward, among which oxidative stress is noticeable. The present study was undertaken to determine whether taurine, a potent free radical scavenger, could ameliorate MTX-induced oxidative injury and modulate immune response. Following a single dose of methotrexate (20 mg/kg), either saline or taurine (50 mg/kg) was administered for 5 days. After decapitation of the rats, trunk blood was obtained and the ileum, liver, and kidney were removed to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and collagen content, as well as histological examination. Our results showed that MTX administration increased the MDA, MPO activity, and collagen contents and decreased GSH levels in all tissues (P < 0.001), while these alterations were reversed in taurine-treated group (P < 0.05-0.01). Elevated (P < 0.001) TNF-alpha level observed following MTX treatment was depressed with taurine (P < 0.01). Oxidative burst of neutrophils stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate was reduced in saline-treated MTX group (P < 0.001), while taurine abolished this effect. Similarly, flow cytometric measurements revealed that leukocyte apoptosis and cell death were increased in MTX-treated animals, while taurine reversed these effects (P < 0.05). Reduced cellularity in bone marrow samples of MTX-treated group (P < 0.01) was reversed back to control levels in taurine-treated rats. Severe degeneration of the intestinal mucosa, liver parenchyma, glomerular, and tubular epithelium observed in saline-treated group was improved by taurine treatment. In conclusion, it appears that taurine protects against methotrexate-induced oxidant organ injury and inhibits leukocyte apoptosis and may be of therapeutic potential in alleviating the systemic side effects of chemotherapeutics.     

梭曼中毒大鼠脂质过氧化损伤及抗氧化剂的作用

目的 以大鼠血清乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活力变化为梭曼(soman)中毒程度指标，研究维生素A和维生素E对急性中毒大鼠的血清、大脑和肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和总抗氧化力(T—AoC)的影内，探讨抗氧化剂维生素A和维生素E对梭曼中毒大鼠AChE及脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用。方法 雄性大鼠40只，按体重随机分为阴性对照组、阳性对照组、维生素A组、维生素E组。阴性对照组和阳性对照组每日灌胃5ml/kg的菜籽油；维生素A组每日灌胃2ml/kg的维生素A；维生素E组每日灌胃2．5ml/kg的维生素E，共灌胃9d。第10日除阴性对照组外其余各组大鼠均皮下注射0．9LD50梭曼，2h后断头处死并取样。测定大鼠血清、大脑、肝脏的T—AOC、SOD和NOS及血清AChE活力。结果 梭曼中毒2h后，血清乙酰胆碱酷酶(AChE)及血清、大脑、肝脏组织中SOD活力和T—AoC水平下降，NOS活力提高；维生素A和维生素E均能提高SOD、T—AOC和AChE活力，而降低NOS活力。结论 经皮下注射0．9LD50梭曼可引起AChE活力显著下降，表明大鼠已严重中毒，中毒时伴有明显的脂质过氧化损伤。中毒前大鼠用维生素A和维生素E预处理，能够保护AChE活力，降低NOS活力，减少N0自由基的生成，同时，提高SOD、T—AoC水平。提示维生素A和维生素E对梭曼中毒有较好的预防作用。     

牛磺酸眼水与谷胱甘肽滴眼液对实验性大鼠治疗作用的比较

目的 通过半乳糖性白内障模拟老年性白内障，比较牛磺酸与临床上常用的谷胱甘肽滴眼液的治疗疗效。方法 将提前断乳的22日龄的Wistar大鼠制成半乳糖性白内障的模型，并给予不同的药物点眼治疗，采用反相高效液相色谱柱前衍生法测量房水和晶体中牛磺酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸等氨基酸的含量。结论 牛磺酸对实验性白内障有一定的防治作用，它和谷胱甘肽滴眼液一样对白内障具有防治作用，甚至在某些方面更有优势。     

胰岛素对糖尿病大鼠肝线粒体氧自由基和氧化磷酸化的影响(英文)

目的:研究胰岛素对糖尿病大鼠肝线粒体功能,质子ATP酶活力及超氧阴离子的影响。方法:大鼠尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶,造成糖尿病动物模型。离心制备线粒体,测氧仪测定态3呼吸率、态4呼吸率、呼吸控制率和磷氧比。用化学发光法测定超氧阴离子生成量,质子ATP酶合成与水解活力分别采用荧光素-荧光素酶法和无机磷法测定。结果:(1)糖尿病大鼠超氧阴离子生成增多,皮下注射胰岛素治疗9周后,Q_2~(·-)生成量减少。(2)在糖尿病状态下,胰岛素治疗能提高质子ATP合成酶活力,降低质子ATP水解酶活力。(3)胰岛素通过改善态3呼吸率调节呼吸控制率和磷氧比。结论:胰岛素能抑制O_2~(·-)生成,提高ATP的合成,改善肝线粒体氧化磷酸化功能。     

维生素C和维生素E单用及联用对慢性酒精性肝损伤模型大鼠的预防性保护作用

目的:观察维生素C(VC)和维生素E(VE)单用及联用对慢性酒精性肝损伤模型大鼠的预防性保护作用。方法:取60只大鼠,随机均分为对照组、模型组、VC组(150mg·kg-1)、VE组(250mg·kg-1)和同剂量联合用药组(VC+VE组),除对照组给予等量生理盐水灌胃外,其余各组连续灌胃56°白酒建立慢性酒精性肝损伤模型,同时给予相应药物,每天1次,6周后检测各组大鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST),肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,并观察肝组织病理学变化,免疫组织化学法检测肝组织中Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原的表达情况。结果:与模型组比较,VC组、VE组、VC+VE组ALT和AST活性、MDA含量、Ⅰ和Ⅲ型胶原表达均显著性降低(P<0.05),SOD活性显著性升高(P<0.05),肝脏炎症反应和纤维化明显减轻,且单用组和联用组之间无显著性差异。结论:VC和VE可能通过清除自由基和抑制脂质过氧化过程对慢性酒精性肝损伤模型大鼠发挥预防性保护作用。     

吡拉西坦对D-半乳糖致衰老模型大鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响

目的:探讨吡拉西坦对衰老模型大鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。方法:取SD大鼠30只随机分成空白对照组(生理盐水)、模型组(D-半乳糖+生理盐水)和吡拉西坦(D-半乳糖+吡拉西坦432mg.kg-1.d-1)组,各组灌胃给予相应药物90d后全部处死,测定各组大鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:与空白对照组比较,模型组SOD活性降低(P<0.01),MDA含量升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,吡拉西坦组SOD活性增强(P<0.05),MDA含量降低(P<0.01)。结论:吡拉西坦可能通过增强SOD活性、降低MDA含量发挥抗衰老作用。     

The effects of desferrioxamine on cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in rat kidneys

Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is associated with an increase in lipid peroxidation and oxygen free radicals in rat kidneys. In this study, the effects of desferrioxamine were compared to vitamin C and E on cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in rat kidneys. Rats were divided into five groups, with 15 Wistar rats in each group. In the control group, rats received 1 mL/100 g isotonic saline solution intraperitoneally (i.p.). In Group II, 10 mg/kg cisplatin i.p. was injected to rats. Thirty minutes before the same dosage of cisplatin administration, 100 mg/kg i.p. vitamin C or E was given to rats in groups III and IV, respectively. Rats in Group V received 250 mg/kg desferrioxamine i.p., before the same dose of cisplatin administration. All rats were killed by cervical dislocation after 72 hours. The kidneys were immediately removed and washed in cold saline. Spectrophotometric method was used for all analyses. While catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were found to be significantly decreased (P < 0.001), malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (P < 0.001) levels were significantly increased in the cisplatin group when compared to the controls. MDA levels were decreased by desferrioxamine (P < 0.005) as well as vitamin C and E (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). These three compounds induced a significant increase in SOD levels (P < 0.05), but only in the vitamin C group, were SOD levels not significantly different than the levels of the controls (P > 0.05). In the desferrioxamine (P < 0.05), vitamin C and E groups (P < 0.001 for both), the cisplatin elevated H2O2 levels were decreased. None of these drugs had any effect on GR and catalase levels (P > 0.05). Desferrioxamine is useful to prevent cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation, however, vitamin C and E are more effective on antioxidant enzymes than desferrioxamine.     

牛磺酸与卡林-U滴眼液对实验性白内障大鼠治疗作用的比较

目的 :比较牛磺酸与卡林 -U滴眼液治疗D -半乳糖致白内障模型大鼠的效果。方法 :将大鼠分为正常对照组、白内障对照组、牛磺酸组和卡林 -U组 ;除正常对照组外 ,各组均腹腔注射D -半乳糖进行白内障造模 ,之后给予相应药物点眼治疗 ,测量晶体中牛磺酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸等氨基酸的含量。结果 :牛磺酸治疗组中的各种氨基酸的含量均不低于卡林 -U治疗组。结论 :牛磺酸眼水对实验性大鼠白内障具有一定的防治作用 ,甚至在某些方面比卡林 -U滴眼液更有优势。     

The protective effects of melatonin and Vitamin E on antioxidant enzyme activities and epididymal sperm characteristics of homocysteine treated male rats

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of homocysteine (Hcy) on epididymal sperm characteristics, plasma testosterone level and biochemical changes related to oxidative stress and to examine the effects of melatonin (Mlt) or Vitamin E (VE) administration on these parameters in Hcy-treated male rats. In this study, 32 adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were used. The rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group of rats received only Hcy (0.71 mg/kg/day) intraperitonially (ip) for 6 weeks. The second group of rats was given Hcy along with simultaneous administration of Mlt (1mg/kg/day) subcutaneously. The third group of rats received Hcy along with simultaneous administration of VE (125 mg/kg/day, ip). The fourth group of rats served as control during 6 weeks and was daily given 0.1 mL of physiological saline (NaCl, 0.9%) ip. While the plasma malondialdehyde level significantly (p<0.05) increased, the plasma superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities significantly (p<0.05) decreased in Hcy-treated rats when compared to control rats. Furthermore, the epididymal sperm concentration, the percentage of progressive sperm motility and plasma testosterone level were significantly (p<0.05) lower in Hcy-treated rats than those of the control rats. The simultaneous administration of Mlt or VE to Hcy-treated animals impeded the decrease in the plasma antioxidant enzyme activities, testosterone level, the epididymal sperm concentration and motility. In conclusion, this study indicates that chronic administration of Hcy has the harmful effect on the epididymal sperm characteristics of male rats. The administration of Mlt or VE can prevent adverse effects of Hcy on the plasma antioxidant enzyme activities, testosterone level, epididymal sperm count and motility in male rats.