槲皮素的抗超氧阴离子作用

本文测定了槲皮素对黄嘌呤—黄嘌呤氯化酶—鲁米诺发光体系及碱性连二亚硫酸钠发光体系的影 响.测得其IC₅₀分别是2.3和20.9 umol／L。提示槲皮素既有抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性而减少O^-·₂的产生，又有 直接清除0^-·₂的作用．     

水溶性金属卟啉的合成、表征及其清除有毒活性氧的研究

目的合成并结构表征了4种水溶性金属卟啉配合物［5，10，15，20-四［4-(4′-吡啶-1)丁氧基苯基］金属卟啉溴化盐［锌卟啉(I)、铜卟啉(II)、锰卟啉(III)和钴卟啉(IV)］，作为抗活性氧(O^-₂，H₂O₂，HO·)模拟酶。方法 核黄素-蛋氨酸光照测其清除O^-₂作用，H₂O₂氧化Vit C法测其催化H₂O₂的分解，Fenton-苯甲酸钠荧光法测其对HO·清除作用，小鼠肝匀浆法测其抗脂质过氧化作用。结果1.0×10^-5~1.0×10^-6 mol·L^-1均具有良好的清除O^-₂作用；1.5×10^-6~1.0×10^-6 mol·L^-1均具有分解H₂O₂作用；2.0×10^-8~1.0×10^-8 mol·L^-1均具有清除HO·的功能；1.0×10^-7 mol·L^-1均可使脂质过氧化产物明显减少。结论合成4种水溶性金属卟啉配合物可作为抗多种活性氧(O^-₂，H₂O₂，HO·)模拟酶。     

用高效液相电化学检测直接测定氧自由基

应用DMPO捕捉羟自由基(·OH)生成DMPO—羟游离基(DMPO-OH),经高效液相电化学检测羟自由基。选用ODS反相柱(10 μm)及柠檬酸30 mmol/L—乙酸钠50 mmol/L—3%乙腈为流动相,流速1-2 ml/min,检测电压0.6 V。采用EDTA-H₂O₂-Fe²⁺(FeSO₄300 nmol/L,EDTA 300μmol/L,H₂O₂180μmol/L及DMPO 2 mmol/L和H₂O₂光照(H₂O₂18 mmol/L,DMPO 2 mmol/L光照6 min)两种产生·OH的体系作为药物筛选及作用机制探讨。其RSD分别为6.1和8.0%。检测灵敏度和ESR相似,本文介绍了O₂的检测方法。     

去甲乌药碱对关节液的保护作用

本文观察到去甲乌药碱对组织胺诱发的大鼠踝关节肿有明显的抗炎作用,并且有较强的清除超氧自由基(O₂^-)的能力和抑制鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化作用,对O₂^-诱导的透明质酸和牛关节液中氨基多糖的解聚具有保护作用。     

赛庚啶对氧自由基的清除作用

赛庚啶(Cyp)对Fenton反应生成的·OH有较强的直接清除作用(EC₅₀为54μmol/L),并明显抑制·OH的生成速率(IC₅₀为22 μmol/L),且作用明显比·OH特异性清除剂甘露醇强(其EC₅₀和IC₅₀分别为22.7 mmol/L和10.7mmol/L)。Cyp对大鼠腹腔多形核白细胞(PMNs)产生的O₂也有一定的清除作用,其IC₅₀为179 μmol/L。提示Cyp的抗心肌损伤作用可能至少部分与其清除氧自由基作用相关。     

Ebselen对自由基诱发的皮层神经元和皮层线粒体脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用

观察了ebselen对超氧阴离子O^·-₂和羟自由基·OH诱发的体外培养大鼠皮层神经元乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)释放,和TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substance)含量升高及制备的皮层线粒体TBARS含量升高的影响。结果表明:超氧阴离子和羟自由基引起了培养神经元和线粒体明显的损伤。浓度在5～50μmol·L^-1之间,ebselen能剂量依赖性地抑制LDH释放和TBARS含量的增加,对线粒体的TBARS含量升高也有显著的抑制作用。但浓度为0.2～50μmol·L^-1时,药物无直接清除超氧阴离子和羟自由基的活性。因此,ebselen对氧自由基诱发的神经元脂质过氧化损伤有拮抗作用,这种作用与直接清除自由基无关。     

高寒乳白栓菌多糖免疫调节及体外抗氧化活性研究

目的 观察高寒乳白栓菌多糖（Alpine-TLBP）的免疫调节功能及体外抗氧化活性。方法 以Alpine-TLBP（50、100、200 mg/kg）口服给药,测定正常小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能水平;水杨酸捕捉法测定Alpine-TLBP对·OH 的清除能力;邻苯三酚自氧化法测定Alpine-TLBP 对O₂-·的清除能力。结果 在50～200 mg/L Alpine-TLBP 能显著增加正常小鼠的胸腺和脾脏的质量,提高脏器指数,且明显增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率和吞噬指数;且在50～500 μg/mL具有较强的清除·OH 和O₂-·的能力,IC₅₀ 分别为142.2 μg/mL 和203.2 μg/mL,呈剂量相关性。结论 Alpine-TLBP 能增强正常小鼠的免疫功能,且具有较强的清除·OH 和O₂-·的能力。     

钾通道阻断剂部分抑制三氧化二砷诱导的HeLa细胞死亡

目的研究钾通道阻滞剂对三氧化二砷诱导的HeLa细胞死亡的作用。方法采用MTT法评价HeLa细胞的存活情况，采用膜片钳技术记录HeLa细胞的电压依赖性钾电流。结果As₂O₃(5 μmol·L^-1)孵育24 h引起显著的HeLa细胞死亡，As₂O₃(5 μmol·L^-1)孵育24 h后存活的细胞表现明显的电压依赖性钾电流密度增加。+80 mV电压下，As₂O₃(5 μmol·L^-1)孵育组电流密度(61±18) pA/10 pF(n=8)明显高于对照组(38±10) pA/10 pF(n=8,P<005)。As₂O₃诱导的HeLa细胞死亡可被共同孵育钾通道阻滞剂四氨基吡啶(3 mmol·L^-1)或四乙基铵(5 mmol·L^-1)所部分抑制。3 mmol·L^-1四氨基吡啶或5 mmol·L^-1四乙基铵对HeLa细胞无明显细胞毒作用。结论As₂O₃长期处理增加HeLa细胞的电压依赖性钾电流。As₂O₃诱导的HeLa细胞死亡可被钾通道阻滞剂四氨基吡啶或四乙基铵部分抑制。     

芦荟中芦荟苷清除超氧阴离子自由基的ESR研究

目的　从分子水平探讨芦荟保健美容的作用机制。方法　利用电子自旋共振(ESR)法,以二甲基亚砜在碱性条件下产生超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^-·)体系,检测芦荟中主要有效成分芦荟苷清除O₂^-·的能力。结果　芦荟苷具有良好的清除超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^-·)的作用,芦荟苷浓度为0. 26mg/mL时,对O₂^-·的清除率达100%。结论　芦荟的保健美容作用可能与其主要有效成分芦荟苷具有清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力有关。     

大黄素的极谱行为及应用研究

在H₃BO₃-Na₂B₄O₇(pH8.5)底液中,大黄素在单扫示波极谱仪上于-0.75V(vs.SCE)左右有一灵敏的二阶导数峰,峰电流与浓度在1.42×10^-7～5.7×10^-6mol·L^-1和7.1×10^-6～7.1×10^-5mol·L^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为0.7×10^-7mol·L^-1。本法操作简便、快速、灵敏、选择性好,应用于中药大黄中大黄素的测定,结果良好。本文还研究了大黄素的极谱行为及电极反应机理,并用电化学方法讨论了大黄素、大黄酸、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚和芦荟大黄素清除由邻苯三酚自氧化产生的超氧自由基(O^·-₂)的作用。     

茶多酚清除氧自由基及抑制脑脂质过氧化反应的体外试验

目的研究茶多酚对羟自由基（·ＯＨ）、超氧阴离子自由基（Ｏ·２）的清除作用及其对脂质过氧化的抑制作用。方法茶多酚与自由基发生体系或大鼠脑线粒体共浴后，比色法测定·ＯＨ、Ｏ·２及丙二醛生成量。结果茶多酚对Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ反应生成的·ＯＨ及黄嘌呤－黄嘌呤氧化酶系统产生的Ｏ·２具有较强的清除作用，ＩＣ５０分别为９１９．６ｍｇ·Ｌ－１和８３６ｍｇ·Ｌ－１。茶多酚对·ＯＨ诱导的离体大鼠脑线粒体产生的脂质过氧化有明显的抑制作用。结论茶多酚的抗脂质过氧化作用与其清除氧自由基作用有关     

艾纳香二氢黄酮对脂质过氧化及活性氧自由基的作用

目的研究5种艾纳香二氢黄酮化合物的抑制脂质过氧化及其对超氧阴离子自由基（O）、羟自由基（·OH）的清除作用。方法：不同浓度的艾纳香二氢黄酮化合物与大鼠组织匀浆或自由基发生系统共治后，比色法测定丙二醛、、·OH生成量。结果：10(－5)～10(－4)mol·L(-1)浓度下，5种艾纳香二氢黄酮类化合物，能够抑制大鼠组织匀浆自氧化及FeSO4／半胱氨酸激发的脂质过氧化，10(－6)～10(－5)mol·L(-1)浓度下能够清除黄嘌呤／黄嘌呤氧化酶系统产生的O，以及抗坏血酸／硫酸铜自由基系统产生的·OH。结论：艾纳香二氢黄酮具有较强的抗氧化作用。     

Scavenging effect of berbamine on active oxygen radicals in phorbol ester-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes

The scavenging effect of berbamine (Ber) on active oxygen radicals was studied, using a spin-trapping technique and a chemiluminescence (CL) method in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and in four cell-free superoxide (O2-.) or hydroxyl radical (OH.) generating systems. Ber (0.1 to 0.3 mM) effectively reduced active oxygen radicals in PMN stimulated with PMA, but had no obvious effect on oxygen consumption during the respiratory burst of PMN, measured with spin probe oxymetry. Ber (0.3 mM) prominently inhibited the CL response of PMA-stimulated PMN. The agent remarkably quenched O2-. in xanthine/xanthine oxidase and irradiation riboflavin systems and OH. in the Fenton reaction. Its scavenging action on O2-. was stronger than that of Vitamin E in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system but the same as Vitamin E in the riboflavin system, and its action on OH. was similar to that of Vitamin E.     

沙棘总黄酮对活性氧自由基的清除作用

用ESR自旋捕集技术研究了沙棘总黄酮(TFH)对活性氧自由基(AOR)的清除作用,并用化学发光(CL)法测定了该药对多形核白细胞(PMN)产生CL的影响。结果表明1.7mg/L TFH对PMA刺激PMN生成的AOR有明显清除作用;TFH(0.03～3mg/L)对黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶系统生成的O~(2·)有显著剂量依赖性的清除作用。该药对光照核黄素产生O~(2·)的清除作用较弱。TFH(3mg/L)对Fenton反应生成的OH·有明显清除作用。TFH(1mg/L)显著抑制PMN产生的CL。该药对O~(2·)的清除作用明显强于VitE。     

Does the anaerobic formation of hydroxyl radicals by paraquat monocation radicals and hydrogen peroxide require the presence of transition metals?

This in vitro study investigated the formation of hydroxyl radicals (*OH) under anaerobic conditions through the direct reaction between paraquat radicals (PQ(+)*) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) by quantitative UV-VIS and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. PQ(+)* was formed by paraquat reduction using either sodium dithionite or the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction as electron donors. The anaerobic formation of PQ(+)* was quantified both by measuring light absorption at 605 nm or by ESR techniques respectively, using either the absorption coefficient or ultramarine as a stable spin standard. Detection of *OH took place with aid of the spin trap 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline- N-oxide (DEPMPO). Generation or addition of H(2)O(2) to PQ(+)* eliminates the 35-line ESR signal of PQ(+)* and subsequently generates the 8-line ESR signal of the DEPMPO-OH adduct. The elimination of PQ(+)* as well as the formation of OH-DEPMPO adduct was not influenced by 1.0 mM deferoxamine, indicating that iron or other transition metals are, at least under anoxic conditions, not necessarily involved in the generation of the most aggressive reactive oxygen species *OH.     

Assessment of the antioxidant activity of the SH metabolite I of erdosteine on human neutrophil oxidative bursts

Acute and chronic lung diseases both lead to an extensive recruitment of neutrophils in the lungs. These cells play a major defensive role but, when activated, they are also an important source of reactive oxygen species, which generate a cytotoxic oxidant stress that triggers a self-sustaining phlogogenic loop. Erdosteine (CAS 84611-23-4) is a mucoactive drug whose metabolization leads to active metabolites with an SH group, and molecules bearing an SH group are also considered to have antioxidant activity. Luminol amplified chemiluminescence was used to investigate the oxidative bursts of human neutrophils and it was found that concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 micrograms/ml of metabolite I of erdosteine significantly inhibit oxidative bursts in a concentration-related manner that overlaps the inhibition induced by the control drug N-acetylcysteine. Chemiluminescence was also studied in cell-free systems to see whether the drug also has direct scavenger activity, which was observed from 2.5 to 20 micrograms/ml of metabolite I using the xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay and at concentrations of 0.039 to > or = 2.5 micrograms/ml using the highly-sensitive hypochlorous acid/H2O2 assay. The findings indicate that the metabolite I of erdosteine has antioxidant activity which, together with the drug's mucomodifying activity, may lead to a useful antiphlogistic effect.     

Picroliv, picroside-I and kutkoside from Picrorhiza kurrooa are scavengers of superoxide anions.

Picroliv, the active principle of Picrorhiza kurrooa, and its main components which are a mixture of the iridoid glycosides, picroside-I and kutkoside, were studied in vitro as potential scavengers of oxygen free radicals. The superoxide (O2-) anions generated in a xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, as measured in terms of uric acid formed and the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium were shown to be suppressed by picroliv, picroside-I and kutkoside. Picroliv as well as both glycosides inhibited the non-enzymic generation of O2- anions in a phenazine methosulphate NADH system. Malonaldehyde (MDA) generation in rat liver microsomes as stimulated by both the ascorbate-Fe2+ and NADPH-ADP-Fe2+ systems was shown to be inhibited by the Picroliv glycosides. Known antioxidants tocopherol (vitamin E) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were also compared with regard to their antioxidant actions in the above system. It was found that BHA afforded protection against ascorbate-Fe(2+)-induced MDA formation in microsomes but did not interfere with enzymic or non-enzymic O2- anion generation; and tocopherol inhibited lipid peroxidation in microsomes by both prooxidant systems and the generation of O2- anions in the non-enzymic system but did not interfere with xanthine oxidase activity. The present study shows that picroliv, picroside-I and kutkoside possess the properties of antioxidants which appear to be mediated through activity like that of superoxide dismutase, metal ion chelators and xanthine oxidase inhibitors.     

Free radicals-induced changes in mesenteric microvascular dimensions in the anesthetized cat

Effect of free radicals on microvascular dimensions was studied in anesthetized cat intestinal mesentery. Generation of free radicals by xanthine oxidase, acting on endogenous substrates (e.g., xanthine, hypoxanthine), produced sustained vasodilation at pH 7.4 or at pH 6.6. These effects were reversed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), a superoxide radical (.O2-) scavenger, at pH 7.4, and by SOD plus hydroxyl radical (.OH) scavenger d-mannitol at pH 6.6. These findings suggest that the sustained vasodilation is caused by .O2- and by .OH derived from .O2- at low pH.     

Antioxidative and antitumor activity of derivatives of 4-beta-amino-4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin and their structure-activity relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate antioxidative and antitumor activity of derivatives of 4-beta-amino-4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (DmePod) and to analyze their structure-activity relationship. Homogenates of liver, heart and kidney of rats were used to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) generation spontaneously formed or induced by a hydroxyl free radical generation system (Fe2+-ascorbic acid) using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay. H2O2-induced red blood cells (RBC) hemolysis was determined spectrophotometrically. Superoxide anion (O2-*) from zymosan-stimulated neutrophils of rats was evaluated by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay. Microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to determine the antitumor effects on K562 and K562/DOX cells. The results showed that all the tested compounds strongly inhibited MDA formation from tissue homogenates in a concentration-dependent manner following the rank GP7OH > GP7 > VP16 and GP7H > DmePod > Pod. The potency of antihemolysis for DmePod, GP7, GP7OH, GP7H and VP16 was similar among them according to their IC50 values by 13.6, 8.6, 11.7, 10.3, and 9.47 micromol x L(-1), respectively, whereas the potency for Pod was the weakest (IC50 > 320 micromol x L(-1)). GP7, GP7OH and VP16 (160-320 [micromol x L(-1)) significantly inhibited O2-* formation following the potency rank VP16 > GP7 > GP7OH. However, 320 micromol x L(-1) of DmePod, Pod or GP7H had no effect on O2-* formation. Meanwhile, all the tested compounds strongly inhibited K562 and K562/DOX cell proliferation for 96 h in a concentration-dependent manner. The resistance magnitude of GP7, GP7OH, VP16, and DmePod was 2.05, 2.21, 14.29, and 3.26, respectively, while antitumor activity of Pod and GP7H on K562/DOX cells was the weakest in all compounds. Taken together, the introduction of nitroxyl radical moieties into DmePod greatly enhances antioxidative and antitumor activity, and reverses drug resistance. Both NO* and NOH groups are essential active moieties.