感速康胶囊质量控制方法研究

目的建立感速康胶囊的质量控制方法。方法用薄层色谱法对感速康胶囊中的金银花、大青叶进行定性鉴别，用高效液相色谱法测定样品中绿原酸的含量。高效液相色谱条件为Vp-ODSC18柱（150mm×4．6mm，5μm），流动相为乙腈-0．1％磷酸（10：90），流速为1mL／min，检测波长为327nm，柱温为30℃。结果薄层色谱鉴别斑点清晰；绿原酸质量浓度在5～50μg／mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好，r=0．9998，平均回收率为99．96％，RSD为1．27％。结论该方法可用于感速康胶囊的质量控制。     

癃闭通胶囊中贝母素乙的含量测定

目的:建立癃闭通胶囊中贝母素乙的含量测定方法.方法:双波长薄层扫描法,薄层板:硅胶G-CMC薄层板,展开剂:苯-丙酮-醋酸乙酯-浓氨水(2:3:4:0.2),显色方法:喷以改良碘化铋钾试液.结果:线性范围0.285～2.565μg,平均回收率为98.6%,RSD为2.5%.结论:方法准确、可靠,为控制癃闭通胶囊的质量提供了科学依据.     

HPLC法测定肝速康片中齐墩果酸的含量

目的建立肝速康片齐墩果酸的含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC法,色谱柱:Symmetry C18柱(250 mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-0.4%磷酸(90∶10);检测波长:210nm;流速:1.0 mL.min-1;柱温:室温。结果齐墩果酸在0.219～2.409μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为97.8%,RSD为1.6%。结论方法准确、快速、稳定、重现性好,可用于肝速康片的质量控制。     

肾特康胶囊质量控制方法的研究

目的建立肾特康胶囊的质量控制方法。方法用薄层色谱法对肾特康胶囊中的黄芪、人参、发酵虫草菌粉进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定肾特康胶囊中盐酸小檗碱的含量。结果薄层色谱中斑点清晰,易于识别;盐酸小檗碱线性范围为0.0351μg~0.263μg(r=0.9999),平均回收率为98.88%,RSD=1.07%(n=5)。结论本方法简便,灵敏度高,可有效控制肾特康胶囊的质量。     

薄层扫描法测定颈康宁胶囊中丹参酮ⅡA的含量

目的建立颈康宁胶囊中丹参酮ⅡA含量测定方法。方法薄层扫描法,硅胶G薄层板为固定相,苯-醋酸乙酯(19:1)为展开剂,检测波长270nm。结果丹参酮ⅡA线性范围为0.4～4.0μg(r=0.9973),平均回收率101.5%,RSD1.95%(n=5)。结论方法准确、简便,重现性好,可作为颈康宁胶囊的质量控制方法。     

薄层扫描法测定复方止咳胶囊中齐墩果酸含量

薄层扫描法测定复方止咳胶囊中齐墩果酸的含量。选用硅胶 G薄层板 ,氯仿 -甲醇 -冰醋酸 ( 2 0∶ 1∶ 0 .2 )为展开剂 ,双波长锯齿扫描 (λS=5 30 nm,λR=70 0 nm) ,齐墩果酸在 1～ 5μg呈良好的线性关系 ,平均回收率为 98.6% ( n =4) ,RSD为 2 .1 3%     

薄层扫描法测定冠心康颗粒中人参皂苷Re含量

目的:建立冠心康颗粒中人参皂苷Re的含量测定方法.方法:采用CamagⅡ薄层扫描仪,硅胶G自制板,氯仿-甲醇-水(65:35:10)10℃以下放置过夜的下层溶液为展开剂,显色剂为10%硫酸乙醇溶液,于105℃烘5 min显色,λs=530 nm,λR=580 nm.结果:人参皂苷Re在0.4～2.0μg范围内,点样量与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 5,平均回收率为98.84%.结论:薄层扫描法简便、准确,可作为冠心康颗粒的质量控制方法.     

高效液相色谱法测定肝速康胶囊中齐墩果酸含量

目的建立肝速康胶囊中齐墩果酸含量的测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法，色谱柱为cts枉（200mm×4．6mm，5μm），流动相为乙腈-0．1％磷酸溶液（67：33），检测波长为210nm。结果齐墩果酸进样量在0．82—4．92μg／mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好，平均加样回收率为98．0％，RSD为0．58％（n=6）。结论HPLC法稳定可靠，可用于肝速康胶囊的质量控制。     

肝炎康胶囊质量标准的建立

目的:研究肝炎康胶囊的质量标准。方法:分别采用薄层色谱法鉴别肝炎康胶囊中的虎杖、黄芪、太子参、半枝莲、白花蛇舌草、丹参、柴胡;用高效液相色谱法测定肝炎康中的大黄素含量。结果:薄层色谱法能明显从肝炎康胶囊中鉴别出虎杖、黄芪、太子参、半枝莲、白花蛇舌草、丹参、柴胡。测得肝炎康胶囊中所含大黄素的含量是2.05 mg·g-1,大黄素的含量在范围2.34~74.88μg·ml-1之间呈现良好的线性关系(r=0.999 4),平均回收率为100.5%,RSD为1.52%(n=9)。结论:肝炎康胶囊质量标准准确、可靠,可作为肝炎康胶囊的质量控制方法。     

欣康胶囊质量标准的建立

目的：欣康胶囊质量标准的研究。方法：采用薄层色谱法对处方中西洋参、川芎、麦冬进行了薄层鉴别试验,采用高效液相色谱法对欣康胶囊中葛根的主要成分葛根素的含量进行测定。结果：薄层色谱中斑点清晰。葛根素进样量在108-648μg范围内,呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 9）。葛根素的平均回收率为97.33%,RSD=0.4%。结论：方法操作简单、重复性好、准确度高,能有效地控制欣康胶囊的质量。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Glycofection: The Ubiquitous Roles of Sugar Bound on Glycoplexes

Glycofection (transfection by using sugar-substituted polylysine) was assessed in order to provide an alternative to viral vectors for the transfer of genes into vascular smooth muscle cells. A rabbit vascular smooth muscle cell line (Rb-1 cells) was selectively transfected by using glycoplexes (glycosylated polylysine/pSV2LUC complexes) in the presence of 10 mu M of the fusogenic peptide GALA. A sugar-specific transfection was obtained when the glycofection was conducted for 1 h with glycoplexes containing either alpha Gal, alpha -Glc, alpha -GalNAc, beta -GlcNAc, or beta -GalNAc residues. The gene expression was high after transfection, with glycoplexes bearing alpha Gal, alpha -GalNAc, or beta -GalNAc residues that were weakly internalized, and low with glycoplexes carrying Lact or Rha residues that were well taken up by cells. These results suggest that 1) glycofection can be a good approach for a selective transfer of genes intovascular smooth muscle cells, 2) an efficient uptake of the glycoplexes is not the unique limiting step for an efficient transfection, and 3) the sugar-dependent trafficking of the glycoplexes inside the cells may account for the transfection efficiency.     

直肠癌下切缘病理组织学分析

目的探讨直肠癌逆向浸润与下切缘的安全距离的关系。方法对36例直肠癌Miles手术和Dixon手术后标本的肿瘤下缘1.0cm、2.0cm、3.0cm的肠壁及对应的系膜病理组织学检查,观察直肠癌逆向浸润或转移的距离。结果36例直肠癌标本距癌肿下缘1.0 cm、2.0cm、3.0cm的肠壁及对应的系膜病理组织学检查均为阴性,结论直肠癌远恻逆向浸润或转移未见超过1.0cm,因此认为保肛手术时切除肿瘤远侧肠管(包括系膜)2.0cm是安全的。