多西他赛pH敏感嵌段共聚物胶束的制备

本文在合成pH敏感两亲性嵌段共聚物聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)-聚乳酸(PEOz-PDLLA)的基础上，采用薄膜分散法制备多西他赛pH敏感嵌段共聚物胶束，利用芘荧光探针技术测定胶束的临界胶束浓度(CMC)；通过高效液相色谱测定胶束的载药量及包封率；分别利用透射电镜、动态光散射法和zeta电位分析仪对胶束的形态、粒径和表面电位进行了表征；采用透析法考察了载药聚合物胶束的体外释放行为。结果表明，胶束的临界胶束浓度值为1.0×10^-3 g·L^-1；载药量可达15.0%，包封率为91.1%；胶束的粒度分布很窄，平均粒径为28.7nm；胶束粒子为圆球形且分散良好，其表面zeta电位值为(1.19±0.12)mV；在pH 7.4释放介质中，多西他赛胶束具有缓释作用；而在pH 5.0条件下，胶束释药明显加快，体现出PEOz-PDLLA胶束释药行为的pH敏感性。综合上述研究可见，PEOz-PDLLA嵌段共聚物胶束作为疏水性抗肿瘤药物的给药系统具有很好的应用前景。     

pH敏感聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)-壳聚糖-阿霉素共聚物胶束的制备及性质考察

目的合成pH敏感两亲性接枝共聚物聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)-壳聚糖-阿霉素(PEOz-g-CS-HyzDOX),采用透析法制备阿霉素pH敏感两亲性共聚物胶束并对其相关的制剂学性质、细胞抑制及细胞摄取行为进行考察。方法分别利用透射电镜(TEM)、动态光散射法(DLS)和zeta电位分析仪对胶束的形态、粒径和表面电位进行表征;采用透析法考察载药聚合物胶束的体外释放行为;采用MTT法考察聚合物胶束的细胞抑制作用。结果反应产物使用红外及核磁表征,确定为目标产物;PEOz-g-CS-Hyz-DOX聚合物胶束载药量为4.2%。采用透析法制备的载阿霉素聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)-壳聚糖丁二酸单甲酯胶束(PEOz-g-CSMS/DOX)载药量可达5.62%,包封率为59.35%;两种胶束的粒径均较小且粒径分布很窄,胶束粒子为类球形且分散良好;两种胶束释药行为体现pH敏感性;PEOz-g-CS-Hyz-DOX聚合物胶束体外细胞毒作用及细胞摄取均优于PEOz-g-CSMS/DOX胶束和阿霉素溶液。结论以壳聚糖为载体的化学腙键释药胶束作为抗肿瘤药物的药物传递系统具有可行性及良好的应用前景。     

阿霉素温度/pH双敏型自组装嵌段共聚物胶束的制备

本文用透析法制备了新型温度/pH双敏自组装嵌段共聚物聚组氨酸-聚乳酸羟基乙酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸羟基乙酸-聚组氨酸 (OLH-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-OLH) 胶束, 采用荧光探针技术测定其不同温度下临界胶束浓度 (CMC); 用透析法测定共聚物胶束的包封率和载药量; 对胶束的粒径、形态和表面电位进行考察, 并对阿霉素胶束的体外释药和pH敏感性进行了研究。CMC介于0.022 4～0.001 7 μg·mL⁻¹, 胶束包封率为92.8%, 载药量为15.7%; 载药胶束粒径为 (61.7 ± 13.4) nm, zeta电位为−9.88 mV; 阿霉素的体外释药速率随pH降低 (pH 7.4～5.0) 而增加。结果表明, 胶束的CMC随温度升高而降低, 体外释药具有明显的pH敏感性, 该载体材料作为抗肿瘤药物的靶向传递系统具有较好的应用前景。     

紫杉醇pH敏感嵌段共聚物胶束的制备与体外评价

目的应用pH敏感聚组氨酸-聚乳酸-聚乙二醇(poly(L-histidine)-poly(D,L-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol),PHis-PLA-mPEG)聚合物为载体材料,采用溶剂挥发法制备紫杉醇pH敏感嵌段共聚物胶束,并对其体外性质进行评价。方法采用芘荧光探针法测定PHis-PLA-mPEG聚合物的临界胶束浓度(critical micelle concentration,CMC);超速离心法测定紫杉醇共聚物胶束的包封率和载药量;分别利用动态光散射法和Zeta电位分析仪对胶束的粒径分布和表面电位进行测定;采用透析法测定载药胶束在不同pH条件下的体外释药行为。结果 PHis-PLA-mPEG临界胶束质量浓度为8.9 mg·L-1,胶束载药量质量分数为8%;包封率可达90%以上;载药胶束的平均粒径为150.2nm,PDI为0.097,粒度分布较窄,Zeta电位为-14.3 mV;载药胶束在弱酸性条件下,药物释放行为明显加快。结论 PHis-PLA-mPEG聚合物载体材料具有较好的pH敏感释药行为,其作为抗肿瘤药物的靶向传递系统具有较好的应用前景。     

多西他赛pH敏感型聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)-聚(D,L-丙交酯)自组装胶束的制备及其性质

目的利用两亲性嵌段共聚物聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)-聚(D,L-丙交酯)[poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazo-line)-poly(D,L-lactide),PEOz-PDLLA]的自组装性能制备pH敏感型多西他赛胶束,并对其相关性质进行考察。方法运用阳离子开环聚合反应得到PEOz-PDLLA,通过FITR、1H-NMR和凝胶色谱法对其结构进行表征,采用电位滴定法测定共聚物pKa,应用荧光探针技术确定临界胶束浓度(criticalm icelle concentration,CMC)。动态光散射法和Zeta电位测试仪测定胶束的粒径和Zeta电位。以薄膜分散法包载多西他赛,并用透析法研究载药胶束的体外释放度。结果PEOz-PDLLA的亲水/疏水段分子质量比值为0.76,pKa为6.41,CMC为0.8×10-3g.L-1。载药胶束包封率为94.9%、载药量质量分数为8.7%、平均粒径为(35.3±4.9)nm、Zeta电位为(25.51±2.14)mV,在pH5.0的释放介质中释药速度加快。结论PEOz-PDLLA嵌段共聚物可自组装形成胶束,高效包载多西他赛,体外释放具有pH敏感性。     

温度/pH双敏感嵌段共聚物胶束的体外性质研究

本文采用透析法制备了新型温度/pH双敏感聚组氨酸-聚乳酸羟基乙酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸羟基乙酸-聚组氨酸(PHis-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-PHis)嵌段共聚物的空白胶束与阿霉素(DOX)载药胶束。采用荧光探针技术测定其临界胶束浓度(CMC);应用光透射法研究了聚合物胶束的温度和pH敏感性质;测定了阿霉素载药胶束的粒径、形态、包封率和载药量;并对阿霉素载药胶束的温度和pH响应释药行为进行了研究。结果表明,制备的嵌段共聚物的临界胶束浓度为7.5×10-3 g.L-1;随胶束溶液温度升高或pH降低,其透光率升高;载药胶束的包封率为(85.2±3.1)%,载药量为(10.4±4.5)%;载药胶束粒径为(91.1±15.8)nm,为类球形结构;与模拟生理条件下(37℃,pH 7.4)释药行为相比,升高温度(41℃)、降低pH(pH 7.0、pH 6.5、pH 5.0)和同时升温并降低pH(41℃,pH 5.0)后胶束释药行为明显加快,表明该胶束的释药行为具有温度和pH敏感性。研究结果可见,PHis-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-PHis共聚物胶束具有pH/温度双重响应性质,有望成为抗肿瘤...     

PEG-I-dC16酸敏释药胶束的制备及体外释放研究

目的:构建酸敏释药胶束并考查其酸敏释药特性。方法:用亚胺键连接PEG和苯棕榈酸脂肪链,用透析法制备载阿霉素胶束,对其粒径,载药量和包封率进行考察,用紫外分光光度法测定载药胶束在不同pH值条件下的释放。结果:载药胶束粒径为60~70 nm,PEG相对分子质量为2000 Da的胶束载药量和包封率分别为(12.7±1.1)%和(49.8±2.2)%,PEG相对分子质量为5000 Da的胶束载药量和包封率分别为(10.7±0.3)%和(39.9±2.1)%。体外释放研究表明酸敏释药胶束在pH 6.5时的累积释放率比pH 7.4时大,但在pH 5.0条件下其累积释放较pH 7.4时还要小,可能原因是胶束解聚太快致药物与材料形成复合物沉淀所致。结论:以酸敏感亚胺键连接的两亲材料载药胶束具有一定的酸敏释药特性。     

长春西汀两亲性壳聚糖共聚物自组装胶束的制备

目的:制备长春西汀两亲性壳聚糖共聚物自组装胶束载药系统。方法:采用溶剂蒸发法制备载药胶束,考察处方因素及工艺条件对载药共聚物胶束的包封率及平均粒径的影响,并采用L9(34)正交设计法进行优化。结果:制得的载药胶束平均粒径为(127.4±8.0)nm,载药量为7.8%,包封率为75.7%。结论:溶剂蒸发法制备两亲性壳聚糖载药胶束工艺简单可行。     

阿霉素-五味子乙素pH敏感聚合物胶束的制备与制剂学性质

目的以p H敏感聚合物聚乙二醇-聚乳酸-聚组氨酸[poly(ethyleneglyco1)-poly(D,L-lactide)-poly(L-histidine),m PEG-PLA-PHis]胶束为载体,联合包载抗肿瘤药物阿霉素与多药耐药逆转剂五味子乙素制备聚合物胶束,并对其制剂学性质进行研究。方法采用薄膜分散法制备阿霉素-五味子乙素p H敏感聚合物胶束,以包封率、载药量和稳定性(载药胶束24 h的包封率和载药量变化)为评价指标,采用单因素试验及Box-Behnken效应面法筛选最优处方;应用透射电子显微镜观察载药胶束的外观形态,动态光散射法测定载药胶束的粒径及zeta电位;透析法考察载药胶束在不同p H条件下的释药行为。结果制备的阿霉素-五味子乙素p H敏感聚合物胶束平均粒径为64.73 nm,zeta电位为-8.7 m V。最优处方中阿霉素包封率为95.3%,载药量为8.7%,五味子乙素包封率为76.1%,载药量为3.4%,载药胶束稳定性较好。体外释放结果表明,所制备的阿霉素-五味子乙素p H敏感聚合物胶束在弱酸性条件下,药物释放速率明显加快。结论采用星点设计-效应面法优化处方与制备工艺,所制备的阿霉素-五味子乙素p H敏感聚合物胶束粒径分布均匀,包封率和载药量良好,具有明显的p H响应行为。     

水飞蓟素－两亲性壳聚糖胶束的制备及其大鼠在体肠吸收

制备水飞蓟素-两亲性壳聚糖胶束 (SM-OGC), 以提高水飞蓟素口服生物利用度, 并研究其在大鼠小肠各部位的吸收情况。采用透析法制备SM-OGC, 测定载药胶束的粒径、zeta电位等理化参数;并以水飞蓟素混悬液为对照,运用大鼠在体单向灌流模型,考察SM-OGC的口服吸收。结果表明,SM-OGC平均粒径为 (162.4 ± 3.0) nm, zeta电位为 (+32.6 ± 0.98) mV,包封率为 (39.17 ± 0.98) % , 载药量达到 (28.15 ± 0.43) % 。SM-OGC在各个肠段吸收皆显著高于水飞蓟素混悬液对照组 (P < 0.05), 且十二指肠吸收最好,结肠、空肠和回肠吸收相近。OGC胶束对水飞蓟素在大鼠小肠的吸收有明显的促进作用。     

阿霉素共聚物胶束的制备及体外性质研究

目的制备阿霉素共聚物胶束并研究其体外性质。方法采用开环聚合法合成聚乙二醇单甲醚-聚乳酸羟基乙酸（mPEG—PLGA）嵌段共聚物;用透析法、溶剂蒸发法制备空白及载阿霉素胶束;动态光散射仪（DLS）测定其粒径分布;采用紫外分光光度法测定胶束的包封率和载药量。通过体外释药实验研究了载阿霉素胶束的释药特性。结果采用透析法制备载阿霉素胶束大小均匀,平均粒径为（91．1±15．8）nm;药物胶束的包封率为85．2％,载药量为10．4％;与市售阿霉素注射剂相比,载阿霉素胶束具有良好的缓释性能。结论共聚物胶束可作为疏水性药物阿霉素的载体。     

Doxorubicin-Loaded Polymeric Micelles Based on Amphiphilic Polyphosphazenes with Poly( N -isopropylacrylamide-co- N , N -dimethylacrylamide) and Ethyl Glycinate as Side Groups: Synthesis, Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation

Purpose  To construct novel Doxorubicin-loaded polymeric micelles based on polyphosphazenes containing N-isopropylacrylamide copolymers and evaluate their various properties as well as in vitro anticancer effect. Methods  These amphiphilic graft polyphosphazenes PNDGP were synthesized via thermal ring-opening polymerization and subsequent two-step substitution reaction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic side groups. Micellization behavior in an aqueous phase was confirmed by fluorescence technique, DLS and TEM. Doxorubicin (DOX) was physically loaded into micelles by dialysis or O/W emulsion method. CLSM and MTT test were applied to observe intracellular drug distribution and determine cytotoxicity of drug-loaded micelles on Hela and HepG2 cells lines, respectively. Results  A series of PNDGPs with controlled substitution ratios were obtained. Poly(NIPAm-co-DMAA) can act as hydrophilic segments in micellular system since its LCST was over 37°C when PNIPAm was copolymerized with DMAA. The CMC value was decreased with the increase of Glyet content. In addition, more hydrophobic group content introduced into the polymer would facilitate DOX encapsulation into the micelle. DOX-loaded micelle could achieve comparative cytotoxicity as free drug via endocytosis and succedent drug release into cytoplasm of cancer cells. Conclusions  The results suggest that these polymers might be used as potential carriers of hydrophobic anti-tumor drug for cancer therapy.     

In vitro controlled release of clove essential oil in self-assembly of amphiphilic polyethylene glycol-block-polycaprolactone

In this study, a micellar delivery system with an amphiphilic diblock copolymer of poly (ethylene glycol) and poly (?-caprolactone) was synthesised and used to incorporate hydrophobic clove essential oil (CEO). To determine an optimal delivery system, the effects of the copolymer’s hydrophobic block length and the CEO-loading content on the encapsulation of CEO were investigated. Percentages of entrapment efficiency (%EE), CEO loading (%CEO), and in vitro release profiles were determined. The size, size distribution, zeta potential, and morphology of the obtained micelles were determined by DLS, FE-SEM, and TEM. The %EE, %CEO, and in vitro release profiles of CEO incorporated in micelles were analysed by HPLC. The study revealed a sustained release profile of CEO from CEO-loaded micelles. The results indicate the successful formulation of CEO-loaded PEG-b-PCL micelle nanoparticles. It is suggested that this micelle system has considerably potential applications in the sustained release of CEO in intravascular drug delivery.     

Optimization of self-assembling properties of fatty acids grafted to methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) as nanocarriers for etoposide

The objective of this work was to study the effect of fatty acid chain length grafted to methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) on self assembling properties of micelles for etoposide delivery. Three amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized using mPEG, myristic acid, stearic acid and behenic acid through an esteric linkage. The particle size and zeta potential of the micelles were determined by the dynamic light scattering method. Etoposide was loaded into micelles by film casting using various drug/polymer ratios. Drug release was studied by the dialysis method. The structure of copolymers was confirmed by (1)H NMR and FTIR. Central micellar concentration (CMC) measurements showed that the longer hydrophobic chains formed more thermodynamically stable micelles. Among the prepared copolymers, etoposide showed the highest solubility in the mPEG-behenic copolymer. Drug loading efficiency depended on the hydrophobic chain length and drug/polymer ratio. The highest drug loading efficiency was found in mPEG-myristic micelles with 1:20 drug/polymer ratio. Micelles released 80 % of loaded drug within about 5 h.     

Core-modified chitosan-based polymeric micelles for controlled release of doxorubicin

Amphiphilic stearic acid-grafted chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO-SA) micelles have been shown a good drug delivery system by incorporating hydrophobic drugs into the core of the micelles. One of the problems associated with the use of CSO-SA micelles is disassociation or the initial burst drug release during the dilution of drug delivery system by body fluid. Herein, the core of CSO-SA micelles was modified by the physical solubilization of stearic acid (SA) to reduce the burst drug release and enhance the physical stability of CSO-SA micelles. The CSO-SA micelles had 27.4+/-2.4 nm number average diameter, and indicated pH-sensitive properties. The micelle size and drug release rate from micelles increased with the decrease of pH value. After the incorporation of SA into CSO-SA micelles, the micelle size was increased, and the zeta potential was decreased. The extents of the increase in micelle size and the decrease of zeta potential related with the incorporated amount of SA. The in vitro drug release tests displayed the incorporation of SA into CSO-SA micelles could reduce the drug release from the micelles due to the enhanced hydrophobic interaction among SA, hydrophobic drug and hydrophobic segments of CSO-SA.     

Doxorubicin loaded pH-sensitive micelle targeting acidic extracellular pH of human ovarian A2780 tumor in mice

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), loaded in pH-sensitive micelles poly(l-histidine) (M(n):5K)-b-PEG (M(n):5K) micelles. The micelles were designed to target the acidic extracellular pH of solid tumors. Studies of pH-dependent cytotoxicity, growth rate of the tumor, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution were conducted. In vitro DOX uptake upon A2780 cells by incubating the cells in a pH 6.8 complete medium at a concentration of 20 microg DOX/ml in the micelle formulation was more than five times that of pH 7.4 condition for initial 20 min. In vivo pharmacokinetic data showed that AUC (area under concentration curve) and half life time (t(1/2)) (plasma half life) of DOX in the pH sensitive micelles increased about 5.8- and 5.2-fold of free DOX in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), respectively. It appeared that DOX in the pH-sensitive micelles preferentially accumulated in the tumor site. The distributions at 12 h post injection in other organs including liver, kidney, spleen, lung and heart were not significantly different from those of DOX in PBS at a 6 mg DOX/kg dose. The in vivo test of anti-tumor activity was performed with human ovarian carcinoma A2780 which was subcutaneously xenografted in female nu/nu athymic mice. The pH-sensitive micelle formulation significantly retarded tumor growth rate without serious body weight loss. The triggered drug release by the reduced tumor pH is believed to be a major mechanism of the observed efficacy after passive accumulation of the micelles by EPR effect. This may have resulted in a local high dose of drug in the tested solid tumor.