白藜芦醇抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

白藜芦醇(Resveratrol)是一种含有芪类结构的非黄酮类多酚化合物.化学名称为3,5,4'-三羟基-1,2-二苯乙烯.是植物在受到真菌感染,紫外照射或病理状况下产生的一种植物补体.它主要存在于虎杖,葡萄,花生,桑椹,松树等70多种植物中,在葡萄中的含量尤为丰富[1].早期研究表明,白藜芦醇具有抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化、抑制血小板聚集、降血脂、保肝、镇咳、平喘、免疫调节等广泛的生物学活性.近年来,随着对白藜芦醇研究的深入,发现白藜芦醇具有抗肿瘤的功效,且表现为对肿瘤的起始、促进和进展三个阶段均有抑制作用[2].下面对白藜芦醇的抗肿瘤作用机制加以综述.     

白藜芦醇抗肿瘤作用的研究

白藜芦醇(Resveratrol,Res)是1940年在毛叶藜芦(Vera-trum grandinorum)根部首次发现的,化学名为3,5,4'一三羟基二苯乙烯,分子式C14H1203,分子量128.25,属非黄酮类多酚化合物.白藜芦醇的抗氧化抗肿瘤作用已经成为近年的研究热点.本文就白藜芦醇的抗肿瘤作用进行综述.     

新型烯二炔类抗肿瘤抗生素力达霉素的研究进展

带有烯二炔结构发色团的抗肿瘤抗生素力达霉素对肿瘤细胞有极强的杀伤力,是近年来发现的抗肿瘤活性较强的化合物之一,在肿瘤的化学治疗方面有良好的应用前景。本文介绍力达霉素的分子结构与生物合成、化学合成、分子作用机制与抗肿瘤活性、单克隆抗体高效偶联物、组合生物合成等方面研究的最新进展。     

二氢青蒿素抗肿瘤作用及其机制研究进展

二氢青蒿素是青蒿素的重要衍生物,具有显著的抗疟作用。对多种肿瘤动物模型具有一定的肿瘤抑制作用,提示其具有抗肿瘤作用。二氢青蒿素的抗肿瘤作用机制可能与抑制肿瘤细胞增殖包括诱导肿瘤细胞周期阻滞和促进肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤新生血管生成以及抗肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移等有关。细胞内亚铁或亚铁血红素可能是二氢青蒿素抗肿瘤作用的直接靶点。由于二氢青蒿素具有广谱抗肿瘤作用、对正常细胞毒性小及对多药耐药细胞有效等优点,因此有可能被开发为新的抗肿瘤药物。     

老药新用抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

化学药物治疗是肿瘤治疗的传统方法之一,在肿瘤治疗中占有重要的地位。目前,临床常用的抗肿瘤药物存在疗效欠佳,毒副作用大等缺点,而研发新的抗肿瘤药物具有耗时长、投入大等问题。近年来有研究发现,大量临床安全性明确且已被广泛应用于临床的非抗肿瘤药物也可能具有抗肿瘤作用,如黄芪、雷公藤、二甲双胍、阿司匹林等,并对其进行了深入的研究。本文将对这些非抗肿瘤药物抗肿瘤作用的研究进展作一综述。     

二氢青蒿素杂合体的抗肿瘤活性研究进展

化疗药物是治疗肿瘤的重要武器，目前已上市的抗肿瘤化疗药物数以百计。然而，经过一段时间的治疗，肿瘤细胞不可避免地会产生耐药性，且替代方案往往存在毒副作用明显和特异性不高等缺点。因此，开发具有高活性和高特异性的新型抗肿瘤化疗药物仍是目前药物化学家所必须面对的巨大挑战。二氢青蒿素类化合物可通过阻滞肿瘤细胞周期、抑制肿瘤血管生成、诱导DNA损伤和铁死亡等作用机制发挥抗肿瘤活性，对包括耐多药肿瘤在内的多种肿瘤具有良好的体内外活性。其中，二氢青蒿素杂合体具有提高抗肿瘤活性、克服耐药性、降低毒副作用和改善药动学性质的潜力，已成为寻找新型抗肿瘤药物的重要来源。本文将着重介绍2018—2022年所发展的具有体内外抗肿瘤活性的二氢青蒿素杂合体的最新研究进展。     

多肽抗肿瘤化合物的研究进展

恶性肿瘤是目前严重威胁人类生命健康的疾病之一。化疗作为肿瘤治疗的传统手段,存在有选择性低、毒副作用大、多药耐药等缺陷。然而,多肽作为抗肿瘤化合物具有高选择性、低毒性、不产生耐药性的优点。这使得多肽有希望成为新型的抗肿瘤药物之一。本文综述了各种具有抗肿瘤活性的肽类化合物,并简要阐述其作用机制。     

蛇毒抗肿瘤成分的研究进展

目的探讨蛇毒抗肿瘤成分的作用及其在医药领域的应用,为蛇毒成分在抗肿瘤领域的研发提供参考。方法查阅并总结资料文献,对国内外蛇毒抗肿瘤成分的研究进行综述。结果蛇毒具有多种抗肿瘤成分,对多种肿瘤均有抑制作用,可抑制肿瘤相关的基因表达、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡和抑制肿瘤血管再生与转移等。结论对蛇毒抗肿瘤成分进行深入研究,开发其在抗肿瘤药物研究领域的价值。     

异戊烯基口占吨酮类天然产物的抗肿瘤活性研究进展

近年来有研究显示,含有异戊烯基结构的天然咕吨酮类化合物对多种肿瘤具有显著抑制活性,故而从此类化合物中寻找具有开发价值的抗肿瘤先导化合物,已成为一个研究热点。按来源分别介绍异戊烯基咕吨酮类天然化合物及其抗肿瘤活性研究新进展,并对其中部分化合物的作用机制及构效关系进行了初步探讨。     

抗肿瘤活性的肝素衍生物研究进展

在应用肝素及低分子量肝素(LMWH)防治肿瘤患者血栓栓塞性并发症时发现它们还具有显著的抗肿瘤活性,但其强大的抗凝活性成为抗肿瘤药物应用时的制约因素。对肝素进行化学修饰或将其与其他化合物偶联可获得抗凝活性低、抗肿瘤活性高的肝素衍生物。肝素衍生物的抗肿瘤机制有抑制类肝素酶活性、抑制P、L选择素介导的细胞间相互作用及抑制血管生长因子活性等。类肝素酶降解硫酸乙酰肝素(HS)侧链与肿瘤转移及肿瘤血管生成密切相关,P、L选择素介导的细胞间相互作用对肿瘤细胞的血源性转移过程有重要作用,血管生长因子所触发的血管生成是肿瘤生长、转移的必要条件。不同结构的肝素衍生物其抗肿瘤机制不完全相同。文章对抗肿瘤活性肝素衍生物的结构及其抗肿瘤机制作了综述。     

Biological/chemopreventive activity of stilbenes and their effect on colon cancer

Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in men and women in Western countries. Epidemiological studies have linked the consumption of fruits and vegetables to a reduced risk of colon cancer, and small fruits are particularly rich sources of many active phytochemical stilbenes, such as resveratrol and pterostilbene. Recent advances in the prevention of colon cancer have stimulated an interest in diet and lifestyle as an effective means of intervention. As constituents of small fruits such as grapes, berries and their products, stilbenes are under intense investigation as cancer chemopreventive agents. One of the best-characterized stilbenes, resveratrol, has been known as an antioxidant and an anti-aging compound as well as an anti-inflammatory agent. Stilbenes have diverse pharmacological activities, which include cancer prevention, a cholesterol-lowering effect, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and increased lifespan. This review summarizes results related to the potential use of various stilbenes as cancer chemopreventive agents, their mechanisms of action, as well as their pharmacokinetics and efficacy for the prevention of colon cancer in animals and humans.     

Synthesis and evaluation of analogues of (Z)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethene as potential cytotoxic and antimitotic agents.

A series of stilbenes has been prepared and tested for cytotoxicity in the five human cancer cell lines A-549 non-small cell lung, MCF-7 breast, HT-29 colon, SKMEL-5 melanoma, and MLM melanoma. The cis stilbenes 6a-f proved to be cytotoxic in all five cell lines, with potencies comparable to that of combretastatin A-4. These cytotoxic compounds were all potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. The corresponding trans stilbenes 7b-f were inactive as tubulin polymerization inhibitors and were significantly less cytotoxic in the five cancer cell lines. In the dihydro series, 8b, 8c, and 8f were inactive as tubulin polymerization inhibitors, while 8a, 8d, and 8e were less active than the corresponding cis compounds 6a, 6d, and 6e. The lack of tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity displayed by the phenanthrene 23b, which was synthesized as a conformationally rigid analogue of the lead compound 1, indicates that the activity of the stilbenes is not due to a totally planar conformation. Similarly, inactivity of the conformationally restricted analogue 26 suggests that the biologically active conformation of 1a resembles that of the cis alkene 1. Additional inactive compounds prepared include the benzylisoquinoline series 28-32 as well as the protoberberines 38 and 39. Shortening the two-carbon bridge of 1a to a one-carbon bridge in the diphenylmethane 20 resulted in a decrease in cytotoxicity and tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity. Although the corresponding benzophenone 18 was as active as 1a as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, it was less cytotoxic than 1a, and the benzhydrol 19 was essentially inactive. With the exception of the amide 15c, which displayed low antitubulin activity, all of the phenylcinnamic acid derivatives 14a-c and 15a-f were inactive in the tubulin polymerization inhibition assay. The acid 14b and the ester 15a were cytotoxic in several of the cancer cell cultures in spite of their inactivity as tubulin polymerization inhibitors.     

白藜芦醇及其糖苷白藜芦醇苷与药物外排转运体的相互作用研究

目的：通过多种不同细胞模型研究两种芪类天然化合物白藜芦醇（trans-resveratrol,TR）及白藜芦醇苷（trans-piceid,TP）与多种药物外排转运体间的相互作用。方法：高效液相及荧光分光光度法分别测定细胞内TR、TP及罗丹明123的浓度,MTT比色法测定细胞活性,Western blot法测定P-糖蛋白的表达。结果：P-糖蛋白抑制剂及底物（维拉帕米和罗丹明123）对TR及TP的细胞摄取无影响。多药耐药相关蛋白2抑制剂,丙磺舒可将TR及TP的细胞摄取量分别增加1.3倍和1.6倍。TR及TP能够显著性增加大鼠脑微血管细胞对罗丹明123的摄取及阿霉素在人白血病阿霉素耐药细胞上的毒性,但对人白血病阿霉素耐药细胞上P-糖蛋白的表达没有显著性改变。米托蒽醌在人非小细胞肺癌细胞上的毒性作用不受TR及TP的影响。结论：TR及TP可以抑制P-糖蛋白的外排作用,但其本身不被P-糖蛋白外排,而是被多药耐药相关蛋白2外排。TR及TP对人乳腺癌多药耐药蛋白的外排作用没有影响。     

Cytotoxic and antimutagenic stilbenes from seeds of Paeonia lactiflora

Cytotoxic and antimutagenic effects of a novel cis-epsilon-viniferin and five known stilbenes, transresveratrol, trans-epsilon-viniferin, gnetin H, suffruticosols A and B, isolated from the seeds of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeoniaceae) were determined against five different cancer cell lines, and mutagenicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, respectively. Six stilbenes showed cytotoxic activity in a dose-dependent manner, and especially did potent cytotoxic activity against C6 (mouse glioma) cancer cell with IC50 values ranging from 8.2 to 20.5 microg/ml. trans-Resveratrol showed significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 (liver hepatoma) and HT-29 (colon) human cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 11.8 and 25.2 g/ml, respectively. In contrast, trans-epsilon-viniferin and cis--viniferin, and gnetin H exhibited marked cytotoxic activity against Hela (cervicse) and MCF-7 (breast) human cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 20.4, 21.5, and 12.9 microg/ml, respectively. However, suffruticosol A and B had less cytotoxic effect against all cancer cells except C6. Meanwhile, six stilbenes exerted antimutagenic activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Of them, trans-resveratrol exhibited the strongest antimutagenic effect against MNNG with IC50 value of 27.0 microg/plate, while other five resveratrol oligomers also did moderate antimutagenic activity with IC50 values ranging from 31.7 to 35.2 microg/plate.     

Biological actions and molecular effects of resveratrol,pterostilbene, and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene

Stilbenes are a class of polyphenolic compounds, naturally found in a wide variety of dietary sources such as grapes, berries, peanuts, red wine, and some medicinal plants. There are several well-known stilbenes including trans-resveratrol, pterostilbene, and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene. The core chemical structure of stilbene compounds is 1,2-diphenylethylene. Recently, stilbenes have attracted extensive attention and interest due to their wide range of health-beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation, -carcinogenic, -diabetes, and -dyslipidemia activities. Moreover, accumulating in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that stilbene compounds act as inducers of multiple cell-death pathways such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in several types of cancer cells. The aim of this review is to highlight recent molecular findings and biological actions of trans-resveratrol, pterostilbene, and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene.     

Inhibitory activity of stilbenes from medicinal plants on the expression of cell adhesion molecules on THP1 cells

The inhibitory activity of stilbenes isolated from medicinal plants on cell adhesion molecules on the surface of THP-1 human monocytic cell lines was investigated. Among ten stilbenes tested, four stilbenes displayed a significant inhibitory activity on the expression of both intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). A cell-to-cell adhesion assay showed that 3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene and 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside as well as resveratrol blocked significantly TNF-alpha-inducing cell-cell adhesion between human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and THP-1 cells.     

Polymeric nanoparticles of cholesterol‐modified glycol chitosan for doxorubicin delivery: preparation and in‐vitro and in‐vivo characterization

Objectives Polymeric nanoparticles have been extensively studied as drug carriers. Chitosan and its derivatives have attracted significant attention in this regard but have limited application because of insolubility in biological solution. In this work, we attempted to utilize cholesterol‐modified glycol chitosan (CHGC) self‐aggregated nanoparticles to increase aqueous solubility, and to reduce side effects and enhance the antitumour efficacy of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. Methods CHGC nanoparticles were loaded with doxorubicin by a dialysis method, and their characteristics were determined by transmission electron microscopy examination, light‐scattering study, in‐vitro drug‐release study, pharmacokinetic study in rats and in‐vivo antitumour activity in mice. Key findings The resulting doxorubicin‐loaded CHGC nanoparticles (DCNs) formed self‐assembled aggregates in aqueous medium. From the observation by transmission electron microscopy, DCNs were almost spherical in shape. The mean diameters of these nanoparticles determined by dynamic light scattering were in the range of 237–336 nm as the doxorubicin‐loading content increased from 1.73% to 9.36%. In‐vitro data indicated that doxorubicin release from DCNs was much faster in phosphate‐buffered saline at pH 5.5 than at pH 6.5 and 7.4, and the release rate was dependent on the loading content of doxorubicin in these nanoparticles. It was observed that DCN‐16 (drug loaded content: 9.36%) exhibited prolonged circulation time in rat plasma and showed higher antitumour efficacy against S180‐bearing mice than free doxorubicin. Conclusions These results indicated that CHGC nanoparticles had potential as a carrier for insoluble anticancer drugs in cancer therapy.     

Biological actions and molecular effects of resveratrol,pterostilbene, and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene

Stilbenes are a class of polyphenolic compounds, naturally found in a wide variety of dietary sources such as grapes, berries, peanuts, red wine, and some medicinal plants. There are several well-known stilbenes including trans-resveratrol, pterostilbene, and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene. The core chemical structure of stilbene compounds is 1,2-diphenylethylene. Recently, stilbenes have attracted extensive attention and interest due to their wide range of health-beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation, -carcinogenic, -diabetes, and -dyslipidemia activities. Moreover, accumulating in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that stilbene compounds act as inducers of multiple cell-death pathways such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in several types of cancer cells. The aim of this review is to highlight recent molecular findings and biological actions of trans-resveratrol, pterostilbene, and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene.     

Antioxidative and prooxidative action of stilbene derivatives

The effects of stilbene derivatives, including resveratrol, diethylstilboestrol and stilbene, as antioxidants or prooxidants were examined. Resveratrol and diethylstilboestrol, but not stilbene, strongly inhibited NADPH- and adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-Fe3+-dependent lipid peroxidation at the initial and propagation stages. In addition, phenolic stilbenes also inhibited ultraviolet light-induced lipid peroxidation. Resveratrol and diethylstilboestrol efficiently scavenged 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane)-dihydrochloride peroxyl radicals. However, 2,2'-diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl radicals were trapped only by resveratrol, but not by diethylstilboestrol. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of phenolic stilbenes on lipid peroxidation was due to their scavenging ability of lipid peroxyl and/or carbon-cantered radicals. Resveratrol efficiently reduced ADP-Fe3+, but not EDTA-Fe3+. Stilbenes and diethylstilboestrol did not reduce either ADP-Fe3+ or EDTA-Fe3+. The strand breaks of DNA were stimulated during the interaction of resveratrol with ADP-Fe3+ in the presence of H2O2. These results suggest that phenolic stilbenes act as antioxidants of membrane lipids and that resveratrol has a prooxidative effect DNA damage during interaction with ADP-Fe3+ in the presence of H2O2.