海洋动物功能蛋白及活性肽研究进展

海洋动物中含有丰富的蛋白质、多糖、多肽、脂肪酸等活性物质，具有来源丰富、功能多样、活性显著、毒副作用小等优点，已经成为当前医药卫生和功能食品研究的热点。本文主要对海洋动物来源的抗氧化、抗菌、抗肿瘤和免疫调节等活性的功能蛋白和多肽进行综述，介绍其可能的作用机制，并就海洋生物功能蛋白及活性肽开发利用前景作出展望。     

海洋缩酚酸肽类药物的研究进展

缩酚酸肽(depsipeptide)是存在于海洋生物中数量较多的一类天然生物活性物质,是包含酯键的一类多肽,具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、抗血栓和抗动脉粥样硬化等活性。本文综述缩酚酸肽的来源、结构、生物活性等基础信息和国内外缩酚酸肽类药物的研究进展,并展望缩酚酸肽类药物研究开发的前景。     

鲨肝肽对CCl4所致大鼠慢性肝损伤的治疗作用

从海洋生物鲨鱼肝脏纯化获得一种活性多肽—鲨肝肽,研究了其对CCl     

天然活性多肽抗肿瘤活性及作用机制研究进展

癌症是一种严重威胁人类健康的主要疾病之一,目前肿瘤治疗主要以放疗和化疗为主,但其毒副作用较大、耐药性强。抗肿瘤多肽主要分为天然多肽、人工修饰多肽及人工合成多肽。天然活性肽是生物体内长期适应环境而积累的活性物质,因分子量小、副作用少、活性高、来源广泛而受到关注。目前发现很多天然活性肽能够作用于肿瘤细胞、肿瘤血管内皮细胞和免疫细胞,通过多种机制发挥较好的抗肿瘤作用,因此具有很好的研发前景。本文结合国内外相关研究,从活性肽的来源、作用机制、研发现状几个方面进行综述,以期为天然活性肽的抗肿瘤研发提供新的思路。     

海洋生物抗凝血活性物质研究进展

按照海洋生物抗凝血活性物质的来源、分类及抗凝血作用机制等,对其研究进展进行综述。     

海洋萜类化合物及其生物活性研究进展

综述海洋生物萜类化合物的结构特征、生物来源、生物活性及应用等,以期为海洋生物萜类的深入研究及开发提供参考。     

膜活性多肽(MAPs)的抗菌活性及其作用机制的研究进展

膜活性多肽(MAPs)是一类具有较好抗菌活性的抗菌肽。作为先天宿主防御分子,广泛的分布于细菌、植物、无脊椎动物、脊椎动物中。膜活性多肽具有抗菌肽的结构特征,肽链通常较短,带正电荷,具有两亲性的α-螺旋或β-折叠结构,通过破坏膜的通透性杀死细菌、真菌和部分肿瘤细胞。膜活性多肽在细胞膜或细胞内部存在特定的分子靶点,并因其独特的作用机制而成为一种新型的肽类抗生素。本文主要对膜活性多肽的抗菌活性及其作用机制的研究现状和发展情况做一综述。     

市售不同来源福林试剂对多肽含量测定结果的影响

摘 要 目的：研究市售不同来源福林试剂对肌氨肽苷注射液中多肽含量测定结果的影响。方法: 采用福林酚法测定多肽的含量;以牛血清白蛋白为对照制备标准溶液并绘制标准曲线;使用不同来源的福林试剂进行测定;应用统计学方法分析研究不同来源福林试剂对测定结果的影响。结果: 多肽含量在0.024 9～0.224 1 mg·mL^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为96.4%（RSD=1.5%,n=9）; 统计分析结果表明,使用不同来源福林试剂测得的结果有显著性差异。结论:市售不同品牌福林试剂对肌氨肽苷注射液中多肽含量测定的结果具有显著性影响,使用前应对福林试剂进行质量确认。     

从海洋生物水提取物中筛选猪二肽基肽酶Ⅳ抑制剂

二肽基肽酶Ⅳ（DPPIV,EC 3．4．14．5）能水解一些具有生物学活性、控制着重要功能的多肽。例如，胰高血糖素样肽Ⅰ是一种对保持代谢稳态具有多种功能的激素，由于其对DPPIV敏感会逐渐减少，因此它还是治疗2型糖尿病的潜在药物。这项工作的目的是在加勒比海洋生物中筛选DPPIV抑制剂。在哈瓦那（古巴）北海岸收集了属于刺胞动物门、软疣动物门、环节动物门、棘皮动物门、多孔动物门、脊索动物门和绿藻门的水生生物，并对它们的水粗提取物进行了筛选。     

几种免疫活性肽的研究进展

生物体内存在一类具有活性的多肽 ,称为活性肽。它们在本内一般含量较低 ,结构多样 ,属体内的化学信息传递物质。活性肽通过内分泌、旁分泌、神经分泌等多种作用方式行使其功能 ,沟通各类细胞间的相互联系。本文仅就近年新发现及研究较多的几类免疫活性作一阐述。1　免疫活性肽概况免疫活性肽包括细胞因子 ,还有来源于植物和动物及致病微生物的免疫诱导肽。细胞因子是一类由免疫细胞 (淋巴细胞、单核 巨噬细胞等 )及相关细胞 (成纤维细胞、内皮细胞等 )产生的调节细胞功能的高活性多功能蛋白质多肽分子。此外 ,早在上世纪末 ,人们就注意到…     

海洋生物活性肽及其药物应用研究进展

海洋生物活性肽是海洋生物免疫系统长期进化而来的一类蛋白类分子,在宿主防御系统中起重要作用。大部分海洋生物活性肽可与细胞膜结合,起到抑制或杀死细菌、真菌、肿瘤细胞和病毒的作用。因其具有功能多样、来源广泛、特异性强、毒副作用小等优势,成为当今医药界的研究热点。本文主要综述了近年来有关海洋生物活性肽的发现、分类、提取及其抑菌机制的研究进展,为海洋生物活性肽类药物的进一步研究奠定基础。     

Antitumour bioactive peptides isolated from marine organisms

Marine organisms are an important source of antitumour active substances. Thus, pharmaceutical research in recent years has focused on exploring new antitumour drugs derived from marine organisms, and, many peptide drugs with strong antitumour activities have been successfully extracted. Based on different mechanisms, this paper reviews the research on several typical antitumour bioactive peptides in marine drugs and the latest progress therein. Additionally, the development prospects for these antitumour bioactive peptide‐based drugs are discussed so as to provide a reference for future research in this field.     

海洋生物活性肽及其生物活性研究进展

概述存在于海绵、海鞘等海洋低等生物和海洋鱼贝类中的生物活性肽，以及这些活性肽的抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗高血压及抗氧化等生物活性的研究进展。     

Emerging biopharmaceuticals from marine actinobacteria

Actinobacteria are quotidian microorganisms in the marine world, playing a crucial ecological role in the recycling of refractory biomaterials and producing novel secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical applications. Actinobacteria have been isolated from the huge area of marine organisms including sponges, tunicates, corals, mollusks, crabs, mangroves and seaweeds. Natural products investigation of the marine actinobacteria revealed that they can synthesize numerous natural products including alkaloids, polyketides, peptides, isoprenoids, phenazines, sterols, and others. These natural products have a potential to provide future drugs against crucial diseases like cancer, HIV, microbial and protozoal infections and severe inflammations. Therefore, marine actinobacteria portray as a pivotal resource for marine drugs. It is an upcoming field of research to probe a novel and pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites from marine actinobacteria. In this review, we attempt to summarize the present knowledge on the diversity, chemistry and mechanism of action of marine actinobacteria-derived secondary metabolites from 2007 to 2016.     

海洋生物活性肽研究进展

综述几种海洋天然生物活性肽的研究进展，阐明酶解生物活性肽的理论基础和海洋生物活性肽的吸收理论。对活性肽在养殖业中的作用、当前海洋生物活性肽研究的不足及研究前景作了评述。     

Studies on total syntheses of cytotoxic cyclic peptides of marine origin

Cyclic peptides from marine organisms constitute a growing class of naturally occurring cytotoxic substances. A general synthetic method for thiazole amino acids, common components of these cyclic peptides 1-7, has been developed and total syntheses of 1-7 have been achieved. In the process, dolastatin 3 with the proposed structure has been disclosed to differ from the natural material and the real structure 2 has been confirmed by its total synthesis. Patellamides with the proposed structures has been revised to be 6 by their total syntheses. Absolute configuration of ascidiacyclamide has been determined to be 4 and the structure of ulithiacyclamide has been confirmed. Ulicyclamide has been efficiently prepared in combination with solid and liquid phase syntheses. Didemnins A and B, cyclic depsipeptides with potent antitumor activity, have been prepared by condensation of the key eastern and western fragments.     

海洋生物中抗氧化活性成分的研究进展

近30年来，从海洋生物中分离到许多具有抗氧化活性的物质，本文按这些抗氧化活性物质的种类。综述了来自海洋生物的抗氧化活性物质的研究进展。     

Natural marine anti-inflammatory products

The marine environment has been shown to be the source of a great diversity of chemical structures with promising biological activities. The isolation, biological evaluation, chemical properties and synthetic elaborations of the products of marine organisms and microorganisms have attracted the attention of organic chemists, medicinal chemists, biologists and pharmacists. Marine organisms and microorganisms have provided a large proportion of the natural anti-inflammatory products over the last years. Marine organisms include green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, miscellaneous marine organisms and marine microorganisms and phytoplankton. This review describes current progress in the development of a selection of new anti-inflammatory agents from marine sources. The chemistry and biological evaluation are discussed.     

Natural products to anti-trypanosomal drugs: an overview of new drug prototypes for American Trypanosomiasis

Protozoan tropical diseases cause great suffering throughout developing countries, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. American Trypanosomiasis affects 16-18 million people in Latin America, representing a dramatic disease among symptomatic patients. Old, toxic and ineffective chemotherapeutic agents continue to be used for the treatment of Chagas' disease. Since the early days of medicine, chemical substances derived from plants and animals have been used to treat human diseases. In the marine ecosystem ecological pressures, such as competition for space and predation, may have favored several invertebrate organisms to select unique metabolites with an assortment of astonishing biological activities. In terrestrial ecosystems, amphibians present a unique efficient skin secretion system with a variety of glands which produce a myriad of potent bioactive compounds such as peptides, alkaloids, biogenic amines and lipids. Plants contribute with several antitrypanosomal compounds derived mainly from their secondary metabolism. Proteins and peptides from snake venoms have also been considered as novel drug candidates, showing effective activities. In this review, we broadly discuss the epidemiology, pathology, and current treatment of Chagas' disease as well as the contributions of pharmacologically tested marine invertebrate, amphibian, snake and plant compounds which have shown promising antitrypanosomal activities. We also explore these possibilities for developing new chemotherapeutics against Chagas' disease.     

Nanoplastics and marine organisms: What has been studied?

Nowadays, there is an increased awareness on the threat that marine litter may pose to the marine environment. This review describes the major concerns related to plastic pollution, namely in terms of toxicity of different types and sizes of nanoplastics (particles smaller than 100 nm) to marine organisms, either producers or consumers. The available data show that nanoplastics may affect negatively organisms from different phyla with reported effects ranging from alterations in reproduction to lethality. Nevertheless, no information regarding marine vertebrates (e.g., fish) was found. Data show a high potential for bioaccumulation/biomagnification along marine food chains, since they can easily be retained inside organisms. The lack of standardized methodology for nanoplastics detection and the poor or inexistent legislation makes nanoplastics an environmental challenge.