溴酚衍生物的合成及其蛋白酪氨酸磷脂酶1B抑制活性研究

目的合成具有新型结构的系列溴酚衍生物,测试其体外蛋白酪氨酸磷脂酶1B(PTP1B)抑制活性并初步探讨其构效关系。方法以香草醛或3,4-二羟基苯甲醛为原料,经溴化、还原、醚化等反应制得目标化合物。借助重组人源PTP1B蛋白水解底物p NPP的方法,测定目标物对PTP1B的抑制活性。结果合成了18个溴酚衍生物,其结构经EI-MS、ESI-MS、~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR谱确证。结论目标化合物的PTP1B抑制活性与化合物中溴原子的数目、位置以及烷基链的长度有关;化合物6c体外PTP1B抑制活性最好(IC50=0.572μmol·L~(-1))。     

芒果苷的结构修饰

目的对芒果苷进行结构修饰,寻求新的抗糖尿病化合物。方法以芒果苷为原料,经烷基化得到一系列3,6,7-O-三取代芒果苷衍生物,并以芒果苷为对照进行体外抗糖尿病活性测试。结果共合成了11个目标化合物,结构均经核磁共振氢谱确证。结论化合物5和11显示出比芒果苷更强的抗糖尿病活性。     

新型苦参碱衍生物杂合体的合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的为进一步提高苦参碱的抗肿瘤活性,基于分子杂合策略,设计合成N-苄基苦参酸一氧化氮杂合体衍生物,并对其体外抗肿瘤活性进行初步研究。方法将NO供体硝酸酯通过连接基团与N-苄基苦参酸的羧基连接制得NO供体型N-苄基苦参酸衍生物。采用MTT法测定了目标化合物对人肝癌细胞(HepG2)增殖的体外抑制活性。结果与结论合成了14个结构新颖的N-苄基苦参酸一氧化氮杂合体衍生物,其结构经MS、IR、1H-NMR确证,且目标化合物均具有较苦参碱强的增殖抑制活性。     

PTP1B抑制活性真菌F956的鉴定和代谢产物研究

目的 研究PTP1B抑制活性真菌菌株F956及其代谢产物。方法 通过形态观察及ITS序列系统发育分析鉴定活性菌株F956;对其发酵产物进行分离纯化获得单体化合物并通过综合波谱解析确定代谢产物的化学结构。对得到的化合物进行分子对接及PTP1B抑制活性评价。结果 F956鉴定为Mucor fragilis(易脆毛霉);从其代谢产物中得到2个具有PTP1B抑制活性的化合物F956-5和F956-6,其中F956-5与化合物JBIR-12相同,F956-6为JBIR-12的13位羟基甲基化衍生物,分子对接结果显示F956-6可占据PTP1B的活性位点;其对PTP1B的IC50分别为7.12和13.92μg/mL。 结论 化合物F956-5(JBIR-12)和F956-6由易脆毛霉产生及其对PTP1B的抑制活性均为首次报道。     

苄基哌嗪类衍生物的合成与蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制活性的研究

目的合成苄基哌嗪类衍生物,考察目标化合物对蛋白酪氨酸激酶(PTK)的抑制活性。方法用呋喃甲醛和丙二酸合成呋喃丙烯酸,以15种取代苄基哌嗪为原料,分别与呋喃丙烯酸反应得到目标化合物。采用酶联免疫吸附法(Elisa)测定所得化合物对PTK的抑制活性,并计算抑制率,筛选出具有抑制PTK活性的化合物。结果所得化合物均对PTK有一定的抑制活性。结论通过优化反应条件,成功合成15种苄基哌嗪类化合物,原料廉价易得,合成方法简单,反应温和。化合物结构经IR、~1H NMR、EA和MS确证。经初步活性筛选发现化合物2h和2k的抑制活性较强。     

双芳环酰胺类及苯并咪唑类化合物的合成及其抗柯萨奇病毒活性研究

目的设计并合成一系列新的双芳环酰胺类和苯并咪唑类衍生物,对其抗柯萨奇病毒活性进行初步评价。方法考察双芳环中A环上3位和4位取代基、B环上取代基及双芳环间的酰胺链对活性的影响,并采用细胞病变程度(CPE)方法测定了目标化合物对柯萨奇病毒的抑制活性。结果与结论共合成了10个双芳环酰胺类和4个苯并咪唑类化合物,其中,11个目标化合物(1a~1c、2a~2d、3b、4b~4d)未见文献报道,所有目标化合物的结构经1H-NM R和ESI-M S确证。该类化合物抗柯萨奇病毒活性的初步筛选结果显示,多个化合物对柯萨奇病毒B3亚型具有抑制活性,其中化合物1c表现出最强的抑制活性,选择性指数达到106.38。     

杨梅素糖苷衍生物的合成及其抗菌活性研究

摘要：目的 设计合成杨梅素类糖苷衍生物,并进行抗菌活性研究。方法 以天然产物杨梅苷为起始原料,经过保护基策略、糖苷化反应、酯化反应制备得到一系列新型半乳糖苷衍生物,对杨梅素类衍生物进行了抑菌活性研究。结果 以杨梅苷为原料,设计合成了14个杨梅素类衍生物,其中包含有8个未见文献报道的新型糖苷化合物,其结构经核磁、ESI-MS进行了确证。体外抗菌活性结果显示,8个杨梅素衍生物具有较杨梅素和杨梅苷更强的抗菌活性,其中,化合物9a-1~9a-4对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的抗菌活性MIC值为1~8 μg/mL。结论 本研究首次以杨梅苷作为原料,设计了新的合成路线,并对合成中的关键反应条件进行了优化,构建了一条高效快捷的杨梅素衍生物的制备方法。化合物的初步活性结果显示,黄酮醇3位羟基半乳糖修饰可以显著提高杨梅素的抗菌活性,为杨梅素的进一步抗菌化合物的寻找提供了新的线索。     

槐定碱结构改造及其抗肿瘤活性

目的:对槐定碱进行结构改造,合成新型槐定碱衍生物,研究其抗肿瘤活性。方法:以槐定碱为原料,合成了8个14位取代槐定碱衍生物,其结构经1H-NMR,MS证实。经MTT法筛选了衍生物对肝癌、肺癌、结肠癌、胃癌、神经胶质瘤、脑胶质瘤、宫颈癌以及黑色素瘤的抗癌活性。结果:合成的8个槐定碱衍生物中有6个是14位不同构型的槐定碱衍生物。实验显示14位为氯取代的化合物①、②、③和⑧对大部分肿瘤细胞的抑制活性均明显高于槐定碱。结论:在槐定碱14位引入氯原子取代可提高槐定碱的抗肿瘤活性。     

1-取代苄氧基-3,6,7-三羟基-氧杂蒽酮的合成及NCI-H460细胞抑制活性研究

目的研究苄基上不同的取代基对1-取代苄氧基-3,6,7-三羟基-氧杂蒽酮类化合物细胞毒性的影响。方法设计合成氧杂蒽酮类化合物8个,所有化合物均经过核磁确证,并进行了初步的细胞毒活性筛选。结果和结论所合成8个化合物属首次报道,其中6个化合物对NCI-H460肿瘤细胞产生抑制作用,目标产物1b、1d、1e和1f作用较强。     

6-氯喹唑啉类PAK4抑制剂的设计合成及生物活性研究

目的设计合成6-氯喹唑啉类p21活化激酶4(PAK4)抑制剂,并对其酶抑制活性进行评价。方法以2-氨基-5-氯苯甲酸为起始原料,经过环合反应、氯代反应、两次芳香亲核取代反应制得6-氯-2-胺基-4-[(3,5-二(三氟甲基))苄基]胺基喹唑啉类化合物(A类);以取代的甲酸乙酯为起始原料,经过Claisen缩合反应、环合反应、取代反应制得6-氯-2-胺基-4-(1H-3-吡唑基)胺基喹唑啉类化合物(B类)。采用HTRF技术测试目标化合物对PAK4的体外酶抑制活性。结果与结论合成了22个6-氯喹唑啉类衍生物,目标化合物的结构经ESI-MS和~1H-NMR谱确证;初步体外酶活性测试结果表明,A类化合物的活性弱于先导化合物Cl-02(N~4-3,5-双三氟甲基苄基-N~2-环己基喹唑啉-2,4-二胺),B类化合物的活性优于先导化合物Cl-02,其中有8个化合物在1μmol·L~(-1)时对PAK4的抑制率达到50%以上,具有进一步研究的价值。     

Synthesis and characterization of 2-(4-((1-alkyl or aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)naphtho[1,2-d]oxazoles for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity

2-(4-((1-Alkyl/aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)naphtho[1,2-d] were prepared and evaluated as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors. In this study, two new compounds with potent PTP1B inhibitory activity were identified.     

Potent α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors from Artemisia capillaris

As a part of our ongoing effort to identify anti-diabetic constituents from natural sources, we examined the inhibitory activity of the methanol extracts of 12 species of the genus Artemisia, against α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). The methanol extracts of different species exhibited promising α-glucosidase and PTP1B inhibitory activities. Since the methanol extract of Artemisia capillaris exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity together with significant PTP1B inhibitory activity, it was selected for further investigation. Repeated column chromatography based on bioactivity guided fractionation yielded 10 coumarins (esculetin, esculin, scopolin, isoscopolin, daphnetin, umbelliferone, 7-methoxy coumarin, scoparone, scopoletin, 6-methoxy artemicapin C), 8 flavonoids (hyperoside, quercetin, isorhamnetin, cirsilineol, arcapillin, isorhamnetin 3-robinobioside, linarin, isorhamnetin 3-glucoiside), 6 phenolic compounds (1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3-caffeoylquinic acid), and one chromone (capillarisin). Among these compounds, esculetin, scopoletin, quercetin, hyperoside, isorhamnetin, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity when compared to the positive control acarbose. In addition, esculetin and 6-methoxy artemicapin C displayed PTP1B inhibitory activity. Interestingly, all isolated dicaffeoylquinic acids showed significant PTP1B inhibitory activity. Therefore, the results of the present study clearly demonstrate the potential of the A. capillaris extract to inhibit α-glucosidase and PTP1B. These inhibitory properties can be largely attributed to a combination of different chemical structures, including coumarins, flavonoids, and dicaffeoylquinic acids, which could be further explored to develop therapeutic or preventive agents for the treatment of diabetes.     

A paradigm for development of novel PTP 1B inhibitors: Pharmacophore modelling, atom-based 3D-QSAR and docking studies

Inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) are of great interest for the development of newer therapeutics for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In order to understand structural requirement of molecules to act as PTP 1B inhibitors, ligand-based pharmacophore model, atom-based 3D-QSAR and structure-based drug design studies have been performed on a series of thiophene derivatives to correlate their molecular architecture with PTP 1B inhibitory activity. A five-point pharmacophore hypothesis with one hydrogen acceptor (A), two negative ionic (N), and two aromatic rings (R) as pharmacophoric features were developed using PHASE module of Schrödinger suite. The pharmacophore hypothesis was characterized by good PLS statistics (survival score = 3.894, the best cross validated r ² (Q ²) = 0.737, regression coefficient r ² = 0.968, Pearson-R = 0.887 and F value = 253.3). Docking studies demonstrated binding orientations of ligands in dataset with bidentate binding pockets of the enzyme and importance of hydrophobic groups. Taken together, Partial least square (PLS) generated 3D-QSAR pharmacophore and regression cubes along with structure based drug design provided a three dimensional topological view of active site that can be used for rational modification of ligands for optimal PTP 1B inhibitory activity.     

New neo-lignan from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acanthopanax senticosus</Emphasis> with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity

New neo-lignan, (7S, 8R)-3-hydroxyl-4-methoxyl-balanophonin (1), together with seven known compounds (2–8) were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble extract of Acanthopanax senticosus. The structure of the new neo-lignan was elucidated with spectroscopic and physico-chemical analyses. All the isolates were evaluated for in vitro inhibitory activity against PTP1B, VHR and PP1. Among them, the new compound (1) was found to exhibit selective inhibitory activity on PTP1B with IC₅₀ value 15.2 ± 1.4 µM.     

Promising anti-diabetic potential of capillin and capillinol isolated from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia capillaris</Emphasis>

Caffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins isolated from Artemisia capillaris have recently emerged as therapeutic candidates for diabetes and diabetic complications; however, there have been very few studies of the anti-diabetic potential of polyacetylenes. In the present study, we investigated the anti-diabetic potential of two polyacetylenes isolated from A. capillaris, namely capillin and capillinol by investigating their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR). Capillin displayed potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, PTP1B, and RLAR, while capillinol showed moderate inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and PTP1B at the concentrations tested. In addition, a kinetic study revealed that capillin inhibited α-glucosidase and RLAR in a noncompetitive manner, while inhibited PTP1B in a mixed-type manner. Capillinol inhibited α-glucosidase and PTP1B in a mixed-type manner. Docking simulations of these compounds demonstrated negative binding energies and close proximity to residues in the binding pocket of PTP1B, indicating that these polyacetylenes have a high affinity and tight binding capacity for the active site of the enzyme. Furthermore, capillin dose-dependently inhibited peroxynitrite (ONOO^?)-mediated tyrosine nitration. The results clearly demonstrate the promising potential of capillin and capillinol as therapeutic interventions for the management of diabetes as well as diabetes-associated complications.     

Prunin is a highly potent flavonoid from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus davidiana</Emphasis> stems that inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and stimulates glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells

Prunin is the main flavonoid in Prunus davidiana stems and improves hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-diabetic potential of prunin via the inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), α-glucosidase, peroxynitrite (ONOO^?)-mediated tyrosine nitration, and stimulation of glucose uptake in insulin-resistant hepatocytes. In addition, a molecular docking simulation was performed to predict specific prunin binding modes during PTP1B inhibition. Prunin showed strong inhibitory activity against PTP1B, with an IC₅₀ value of 5.5 ± 0.29 µM, and significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, with an IC₅₀ value of 317 ± 2.12 µM. Moreover, a kinetics study revealed that prunin inhibited PTP1B (K _i = 8.66) and α-glucosidase (K _i = 189.56) with characteristics typical of competitive and mixed type inhibitors, respectively. Docking simulations showed that prunin selectively inhibited PTP1B by targeting its active site and exhibited good binding affinity, with a docking score of ?9 kcal/mol. Furthermore, prunin exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory activity against ONOO^?-mediated tyrosine nitration and stimulated glucose uptake by decreasing PTP1B expression level in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. These results indicate that prunin has significant potential as a selective PTP1B inhibitor and may possess anti-diabetic properties by improving insulin resistance.     

Potent protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibiting constituents from Anoectochilus chapaensis and molecular docking studies

Abstract

Context: Anoectochilus chapaensis Gagnep. (Orchidaceae), an indigenous and valuable Chinese folk medicine, has been used as an antidiabetic remedy. However, the bioactive constituents have not been reported.

Objective: To explore potent protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors from the whole herbs of A. chapaensis for the treatment of diabetes.

Materials and methods: The compounds were obtained by PTP1B bioactivity-guided isolation from the active fraction of ethonal extract of A. chapaensis, and elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and evaluated for their potential to inhibit PTP1B with a series of doses in dimethyl sulphoxide by a colorimetric assay in vitro. The Autodock program was used to dock the active compounds into the binding sites.

Results: Fifteen compounds were identified; epifriedelanol, friedelane, 2α, 3β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-23, 28, 30-trioic acid, dibutyl-phthalate, and 7-hydroxy-2-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-1,4-dione were isolated from the genera Anoectochilus for the first time. All 15 compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity against PTP1B in vitro. Nine active compounds exhibited potent inhibitory effect with IC₅₀ values of 1.16–6.21?μM, which were comparable with the positive control suramin. The 3D-docking simulations showed negative binding energies of ?7.4 to ?8.5?kcal/mol and supported a high affinity to PTP1B residues in the pocket site, indicating that they may stabilize the open form and generate tighter binding to the catalytic sites of PTP1B.

Discussion and conclusion: The results clearly demonstrated that the potential active constituents from A. chapaensis could inhibit PTP1B, which may be mainly attributed to a combination of triterpenoids and flavonoids.     

A polybromodiphenyl ether from an Indonesian marine sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea and its chemical derivatives inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, an important target for diabetes treatment

The ethanol extract of an Indonesian marine sponge Lamellodysidea herbacea inhibited the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an important target enzyme for the treatment of type II diabetes. Bioassay-guided isolation yielded a known polybromodiphenyl ether (1) as a sole bioactive component. The structure of 1 was confirmed by spectroscopic data for 1 and its methyl ether derivative (2). Compound 1 markedly inhibited the PTP1B activity (IC₅₀ = 0.85 μM) and showed a moderate cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines, HCT-15 (colon) and Jurkat (T-cell lymphoma) cells. On the other hand, compound 2 maintained potent inhibitory activity against PTP1B (IC₅₀ = 1.7 μM) but did not show apparent cytotoxicity at 18 μM against these cancer cells. Four ester derivatives [acetyl (3), butyryl (4), hexanoyl (5), and benzoyl (6)] were prepared from 1 and their activities evaluated against PTP1B and two cancer cell lines to investigate the structure–activity relationships. Although compounds 3–6 exhibited potent inhibitory effects against PTP1B activity, cytotoxicity against HCT-15 and Jurkat cells was observed as a similar efficacy to that of 1. From these results, compound 2 was found to be the best inhibitor of PTP1B with no apparent cytotoxicity. Therefore, 2 may be a lead compound for making a new type of PTP1B inhibitor. Moreover, compound 2 did not inhibit the cell growth of Huh-7 cells (hepatoma). Hepatocytes are one of the locations of PTP1B, and Huh-7 cells are used to study the mechanism of action of compound 2.     

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of bromophenol derivatives as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors

3‐Bromo‐4,5‐bis(2,3‐dibromo‐4,5‐dihydroxybenzyl)‐1,2‐benzenediol (BDB) is a bromophenol purified from the marine red alga Rhodomela confervoides and exhibits potent protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition (IC₅₀ = 1.7 µmol/L). In an effort to improve the PTP1B inhibitory activity, a series of derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro. The preliminary structure–activity relationship indicated that the tricyclic scaffold and multi‐bromine atoms (four to five) attached to the aryl rings are important for PTP1B inhibition. Among these, compound 26 exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against PTP1B with an IC₅₀ of 0.89 µmol/L, which was approximately two‐fold more potent than the initial lead compound BDB.     

含丙基侧链的新型三唑类化合物的设计、合成和抗真菌活性研究

目的 研究具有正丙基侧链和二取代苯环结构的三唑醇类化合物的抗真菌活性。方法 设计合成了11个目标化合物;其结构通过¹H NMR确证,部分化合物还通过¹³C NMR、高分辨质谱(HRMS)确证;选择3种真菌为实验菌株,根据美国国家临床实验室标准委员会(NCCLS)推荐的标准化抗真菌敏感性实验方法,进行体外抑菌活性测试。结果 化合物B11对白念珠菌SC5314的活性较氟康唑更好,与泊沙康唑相当;化合物B10、B11、B4对新型隐球菌H99的活性较氟康唑更好,化合物B2、B3、B5、B6、B7对新型隐球菌H99的活性与氟康唑相当;所有化合物对烟曲霉菌活性欠佳。结论 部分引入正丙基侧链和二取代苯基结构的目标化合物有一定抗真菌活性,可作为潜在的先导抗真菌药物。