全反式维甲酸固体脂质纳米粒的制备及体内外评价

目的以山嵛酸甘油酯(Compritol 888 ATO)为脂质材料，采用超声分散法制备维甲酸固体脂质纳米粒，并考察其体内外性质。方法选用脂溶性较高的维甲酸作为模型药物，采用超声分散法制备固体脂质纳米粒，并对其各种理化性质进行研究。考察了纳米粒的体外释放，以维甲酸溶液剂为对照，测定了两种纳米粒在大鼠体内的药代动力学参数。结果采用超声分散法可以简便、快速制备得到两种维甲酸固体脂质纳米粒，透射电镜测得纳米粒为圆球状，大小均匀。动态光散射法测得平均粒径分别为(158±9) nm和(89±11) nm。于4 ℃放置1年粒径无明显变化，载药量为3.3%，包封率大于95%。药物体外释放符合Weibull方程。与对照组相比，两种维甲酸固体脂质纳米粒静脉注射后药物在血液中的滞留时间显著延长。结论超声分散法适用于固体脂质纳米粒的制备。     

辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒的制备及在大鼠体内的药动学研究

摘 要 目的： 制备辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒,并研究其经灌胃给药后在大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法: 采用热熔乳化超声 低温固化法制备辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒,考察辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒的粒径分布、Zeta电位、包封率、微观形态及体外药物释放特性。研究辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒经灌胃给药后在大鼠体内的药动学特征。结果: 辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒平均粒径为(242.5±62.1) nm,多聚分散系数为0.225±0.031,Zeta电位为(-32.1±4.2) mV,包封率为(95.7±2.6) %,在24 h内平稳缓慢释药。辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒在大鼠体内的Cmax和AUC0 t分别为辛伐他汀混悬液的2.89倍和1.83倍。结论:辛伐他汀固体脂质纳米粒在大鼠体内能快速吸收,显著提高了药物在大鼠体内的生物利用度。     

紫杉醇长循环固态脂质纳米粒的制备和体内外研究

目的以硬脂酸为载体材料制备紫杉醇的长循环脂质纳米粒,并考察其体内外性质。方法用“乳化蒸发-低温固化”法制备Brij78固态脂质纳米粒(Brij78-SLN)和Poluromic F₆₈固态脂质纳米粒(F₆₈-SLN);用透射电镜考察了紫杉醇纳米粒的形态;建立了脂质纳米粒和血清中测定紫杉醇的HPLC方法;考察了纳米粒于30％乙醇溶液中的体外药物释放;以市售紫杉醇注射剂对照,测定了两种纳米粒于小鼠体内的药物动力学参数。结果脂质纳米粒基本呈圆球状或椭圆球状,大小比较均匀。激光散射法测定Brij78-SLN粒径为(104±29) nm。F₆₈-SLN粒径为(220±98) nm。Brij78-SLN和F₆₈-SLN包封率分别为47%和75%。两种纳米粒都缓慢地释放药物,24 h后分别释放药物总量的8%和20%。两种纳米粒都可以延长紫杉醇的体内滞留时间,Brij78-SLN,F₆₈-SLN和紫杉醇注射剂的消除半衰期分别为4.88,10.06和1.36 h。结论硬脂酸纳米粒可能成为一种新型的药物载体。     

依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒的制备与抗癌活性研究

摘 要 目的：制备依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒,并评价其对小鼠接种Lewis肺癌细胞的抑瘤率。方法: 采用热熔乳化 高压均质法制备依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒,考察依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒的外观、微观结构、粒径分布、Zeta电位等理化性质,评价依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒体外释药行为,比较依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒与依托泊苷注射液对小鼠接种Lewis肺癌细胞的抑制效果。结果:本研究制备的依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒外观呈淡蓝色透明状液体,在透射电镜观察呈圆整球状或类球状分布,大小较为均匀;平均粒径为（153.2±32.8）nm,PdI为（0.185±0.031）,Zeta电位为（-17.4±1.1）mV;依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒可延缓药物释放,在24 h内药物累积释放52.4%;依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒的抑瘤率显著高于依托泊苷注射液（P<0.05）,说明依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒能够显著抑制Lewis肺癌细胞在小鼠体内生长。结论:本研究通过热熔乳化 高压均质法制备的依托泊苷固体脂质纳米粒对Lewis肺癌细胞具有良好的抑瘤效果,可以作为依托泊苷的新型给药系统,对肺癌治疗具有一定的应用前景。     

乳化蒸发法制备固体脂质纳米粒

目的：采用乳化蒸发法制备固体脂质纳米粒,并考察其载药性能。方法：对影响固体脂质纳米粒质量的工艺因素和处方因素进行考察和优化设计,得到最优处方。选用模型药物酮洛芬制备载药固体脂质纳米粒,考察其包封率和体外释放行为。结果：所得固体脂质纳米粒平均粒径为（228.2±18.1）nm,多分散系数为（0.217±0.022）,ξ电位为-（21.4±0.6）mV。载药固体脂质纳米粒最佳包封率为（64.1±3.3）%,体外释放行为符合Weibull模型。结论：采用乳化蒸发法制备固体脂质纳米粒是可行的。     

非洛地平-硬脂酸固体脂质纳米粒的制备及其体外透皮吸收研究

目的:以固体脂质纳米粒为栽体,通过透皮给药达到提高非洛地平透皮吸收及缓释长效的目的.方法:采用溶剂挥发-超声法制备非洛地平固体脂质纳米粒水分散体,以大鼠皮肤为渗透屏障对非洛地平固体脂质纳米粒的经皮渗透进行研究.结果:非洛地平-硬脂酸固体脂质纳米粒为类球形实体粒子,平均粒径范围在50～150 nm,包封率大于85%,栽药量大于7%,药物体外释放符合一级动力学过程.体外经皮渗透速率显著高于空白对照组.结论:非洛地平固体脂质纳米粒处方设计合理,制备工艺可靠,以纳米粒作为透皮给药载体具有广阔的发展前景.     

肝靶向氟尿嘧啶类脂纳米粒的研究

目的　为了提高氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)的疗效,降低其毒副作用,制备具肝靶向的5-Fu类脂纳米粒。方法　利用氟尿嘧啶与硬脂酰氯进行反应,制备了5-Fu前体药物N₁-硬脂酰-5-Fu,通过红外光谱及核磁共振谱对合成的目标化合物进行结构确认。同时研究了前体药物的性质及稳定性。采用物理凝聚法制备类脂纳米粒,并研究其形态、粒径及粒径分布、载药量、体外释药特征、动物体内分布与药代动力学参数等。结果　平均粒径d_av=240.19 nm,载药量为20.53%。体外释药速率符合一级动力学模型。与5-Fu水针剂比较,类脂纳米粒组在肝脏中药物含量平均增加了一倍以上。家兔体内主要药动学参数为：V_c=0.04336 L.kg^-1,T_1/2β=1.2834 h,CL=0.1632 L.h^-1。结论　利用前体药物可提高药物的脂溶性,首次以物理凝聚法制备类脂纳米粒,小鼠体内分布研究表明类脂纳米粒有明显的肝靶向,有一定的优越性和参考价值。     

甘草次酸固体脂质纳米凝胶的制备及体外透皮效应

目的制备甘草次酸固体脂质纳米凝胶并考察其体外透皮效应。方法采用微乳液法制备甘草次酸固体脂质纳米粒并考察其包封率、粒径与表面电位,以研和法制备固体脂质纳米粒凝胶;采用改良Franz立式扩散池法进行体外透皮实验,HPLC法测定甘草次酸含量,评价甘草次酸固体脂质纳米粒凝胶的经皮渗透结果。结果甘草次酸固体脂质纳米粒外观为圆球形或椭球形;甘草次酸固体脂质纳米粒的包封率为64.75%±1.36%,粒径范围(46.13±20.10)nm,电位分布范围为(-53.4±7.11)mV。24h甘草次酸固体脂质纳米粒凝胶较甘草次酸固体脂质纳米粒的累积透过量提高66%。结论甘草次酸固体脂质纳米粒凝胶能提高甘草次酸的透皮速率,有望成为甘草次酸透皮给药的新型制剂。     

长春西汀固体脂质纳米粒的制备及其性质考察

目的制备长春西汀固体脂质纳米粒,为长春西汀新型给药系统的开发与应用提供实验基础。方法以长春西汀为模型药物、山嵛酸甘油酯为载体材料,采用热熔超声法制备长春西汀固体脂质纳米粒,并通过正交试验设计对处方进行优化。以包封率为评价指标,对其形态、体外释放度、短期稳定性等性质进行了考察。结果制备的纳米粒为球形及类球形,粒径为152.3 nm,包封率为93.68%,72 h体外累积释放71.84%,4℃下放置2个月稳定。结论热熔超声法可用于制备长春西汀固体脂质纳米粒,该纳米粒具有明显的缓释特征,可进一步进行体内释药行为的考察。     

固体脂质纳米粒作为水杨酸经皮给药载体的研究

目的 考察固体脂质纳米粒作为经皮给药载体对水杨酸经皮吸收的促渗透作用.方法 采用薄膜超声法制备水杨酸固体脂质纳米粒,以改良的Franz扩散池考察其体外透皮特性;并与水杨酸软膏剂比较,考察其促渗作用.结果 制备的水杨酸固体脂质纳米粒均匀圆整,包封率为46.4%,体外透皮特性优于普通软膏剂,24 h后皮肤药物累积透过量为654.3 μg/cm2,皮肤中药物残留量为22.99 μg,均分别显署高于软膏剂组(128.0 μg/cm2和0.84 μg,P<0.05).结论 固体脂质纳米粒作为水杨酸经皮给药载体,可有效促进药物透皮吸收和增加药物在皮肤中储留量,而且可延缓药物的释放,从而有效提高药物疗效及患者依从性.     

Body Distribution of Camptothecin Solid Lipid Nanoparticles After Oral Administration

Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the specific changes in body distribution of camptothecin (CA) through incorporation into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) by peroral route. Methods. Camptothecin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (CA-SLN) coated with poloxamer 188 were produced by high pressure homogenization. The CA-SLN were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and electrophoretic mobility measurement. In vitro release characteristics of camptothecin from CA-SLN were studied at different pH media. The concentration of camptothecin in organs was determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector after oral administration of CA-SLN and a camptothecin control solution (CA-SOL). Results. Our results showed that CA-SLN had an average diameter 196.8 nm with Zeta potential of –69.3 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of camptothecin was 99.6%, and in vitro drug release was achieved up to a week. There were two peaks in the camptothecin concentration-time curves in plasma and tested organs after oral administration of CA-SLN. The first peak was the result of free drug and the second peak was indicative of gut uptake of CA-SLN after 3 hours. In tested organs, the area under curve (AUC) and mean residence time (MRT) of CA-SLN increased significantly as compared with CA-SOL, and the increase of brain AUC was the highest among all tested organs. Conclusions. The results indicate SLN could be a promising sustained release and targeting system for camptothecin or other lipophilic antitumor drugs after oral administration.     

蓝萼甲素固体脂质纳米粒的制备及理化性质研究

目的:制备蓝萼甲素固体脂质纳米粒,并对其理化性质进行研究。方法:用乳化-溶剂挥发法制得蓝萼甲素固体脂质纳米粒,并对其粒径、形态、表面电位、包封率、体外释药性质等进行研究。结果:所得蓝萼甲素固体脂质纳米粒的粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为(190±10·3)nm,Zeta电位为—31·2mV,平均包封率为(50·45±0·804)%;药物体外释放符合Higuchi线性方程,具有显著缓释作用。结论:固体脂质纳米粒可作为蓝萼甲素新型缓释给药系统。     

注射用葫芦素B固体脂质纳米粒的制备

目的为提高葫芦素B的疗效,降低毒性及不良反应,,制备了葫芦素B固体脂质纳米粒。方法采用高压匀质法制备葫芦素B固体脂质纳米粒。以单因素轮换法考察影响制备葫芦素B固体脂质纳米粒的处方和工艺因素,通过正交设计优化处方。结果制备的纳米粒为类球形纳米粒子,包封率质量分数为90.67%,平均粒径为135 nm。结论高压匀质法可用于制备葫芦素B固体脂质纳米粒。     

固体脂质纳米粒作为维A酸经皮给药载体的研究

目的:采用固体脂质纳米粒作为维A酸载体以提高其稳定性,增加经皮给药时的局部药物浓度。方法:采用纳米乳法制备维A酸固体脂质纳米粒,通过相图研究确定处方组成并通过单因素试验进行优化,采用葡聚糖G50微型凝胶柱测定包封率。对维A酸固体脂质纳米粒稳定性、释放度、经皮渗透性和皮肤贮留量进行评价。结果:制得的固体脂质纳米粒为球形或类球形粒子,平均粒径为83.2 nm,包封率>95%。4℃,25℃和40℃避光贮存3个月,含量和包封率均无明显变化。其体外释放速率和经皮渗透速率较市售乳膏慢,皮肤贮留量大于市售乳膏。结论:固体脂质纳米粒作为维A酸载体有助于提高其稳定性,增加局部药物浓度。     

Nimodipine loaded lipid nanospheres prepared by solvent diffusion method in a drug saturated aqueous system

To overcome the disadvantages such as lower drug entrapment efficiency (EE) of lipid nanospheres prepared by conventional solvent diffusion method, a solvent diffusion method in drug saturated aqueous system was developed. Nimodipine was used as a model drug to incorporate into lipid nanospheres. The monostearin (MS) solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) produced by conventional method under different production temperature only showed 24.40-30.21wt% EE, and relatively higher EE was achieved when the production temperature was 0 degrees C. The EE could be enhanced by the incorporation of liquid lipid (caprylic/capric triglycerides, CT) into SLN and the employing of drug saturated dispersion medium. The nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) with higher CT content indicated the highest EE as the drug saturated aqueous solution was used as dispersion medium. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results demonstrated the present method could improve the drug encapsulation into lipid nanospheres. In vitro drug release experiments indicated the present preparation method could delay the drug release rate from lipid nanospheres, and the drug release rate could adjust by the CT content in lipid nanospheres. The highest drug loading (DL) was reached up to 4.22wt% when 8wt% drug was charged in the preparation of lipid nanospheres.     

Formulation and pharmacokinetics of lipid nanoparticles of a chemically sensitive nitrogen mustard derivative: Chlorambucil

Lipid nanoparticles of the cancer drug Chlorambucil (CLB) were prepared by ultrasonication, using stearic acid as the core lipid. Four types of lipid nanoparticle formulations were studied: (i) stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN); (ii) sterically stabilized SLN with pegylated phospholipids as stabilizer; (iii) nanostructured lipid complexes with oleic acid as adjunct lipid; (iv) lipid nanocomplexes with dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) as surface modifier (LN). Lipid nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, assay and encapsulation efficiency, particle morphology and physico-chemical stability over 90 days. All of the formulations were physically stable, with an average particle size of 147 (+/-10)nm. The drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE) of all the formulations except LN decreased significantly over time (p<0.05), probably due to the expulsion of CLB upon crystallization. This indicated that the presence of DDAB in stearic acid nanoparticles increases DEE, preventing CLB degradation in the aqueous disperse phase. Pharmacokinetic studies of the intravenous LN formulation revealed plasma clearance kinetics were comparable to that of CLB solution (p>0.01), indicating electrostatic charge mediated clearance, as reported earlier. In tissue and tumor distribution studies, lower AUC values of CLB were observed for LN compared to CLB solution in liver, kidneys, heart and lungs. However, higher AUC values of LN formulation as compared to CLB solution (p<0.01) in tumors suggested that the presence of DDAB on the lipid nanoparticles resulted in greater accumulation of the drug in tumors.     

Studies on binary lipid matrix based solid lipid nanoparticles of repaglinide: in vitro and in vivo evaluation

The purpose of present study is to examine effect of binary lipid matrix (combination of lipids) on the entrapment and storage stability of repaglinide (RG) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by modified solvent injection method for oral delivery to improve the bioavailability of RG, an antidiabetic drug. The stearic acid and tristearin were used to form lipid core materials, and Pluronic-F68 was used as a stabilizer. Nanoparticles were characterized by evaluating their particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug loading, solid-state studies (differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction), in vitro drug release, particle surface (transmission electron microscopy analysis with electron diffraction pattern), stability study in gastrointestinal fluids (GIFs) and storage stability at 30 °C/65% RH for 3 months. The characterization of SLN suggested that binary lipid matrix based nanoparticles had better drug entrapment and loading, desired release characteristics, stable in GIFs and significantly higher storage stability compared with single lipid formulations. Pharmacodynamic (blood glucose, blood cholesterol, blood triglyceride levels) and pharmacokinetic (AUC, T(max), peak plasma concentrations, K, t(1/2), mean residence time and relative bioavailabilities) studies were performed for the selected formulations. These studies indicate that the formulation based on binary lipid matrix significantly improves the oral bioavailability of RG.     

蓝萼甲素固体脂质纳米粒的制备工艺研究

目的以固体脂质纳米粒作为蓝萼甲素新型缓释给药系统,进行蓝萼甲素固体脂质纳米粒的制备工艺研究。方法采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法,均匀设计优化处方,按照优化工艺条件,以硬脂酸作为蓝萼甲素模型药物载体,制备得到蓝萼甲素固体脂质纳米粒,并对其包封率进行考察。结果本研究制得的蓝萼甲素固体脂质纳米粒的包封率达到80.4%。结论本研究方法可以作为蓝萼甲素固体脂质纳米粒的制备方法。