细胞色素P450 3A研究进展

P4503A是细胞色素P450中含量最多的同工酶,临床中有60％以上的药物由其代谢。总结了CYP3A的分布、含量、亚型、表达与调控、与疾病的关系以及活性研究方法等研究进展。     

酒精性肝损伤大鼠细胞色素P450 CYP2E1和细胞色素P450 CYP3A的代谢活性

目的观察酒精性肝损伤对大鼠细胞色素P450CYP3A(CYP3A)和细胞色素P450CYP2E1(CYP2E1)代谢活性的影响。方法采用ig给予白酒制备大鼠酒精性肝损伤模型,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性,采用HE染色法光镜下观测酒精对肝脏损伤程度。大鼠ip给予CYP3A探针药物咪达唑仑10mg·kg-1或ig给予CYP2E1探针药物氯唑沙宗50mg·kg-1后,采用高效液相色谱法测定不同时间点大鼠血浆中咪达唑仑和氯唑沙宗的血药浓度,并应用3P87软件计算其药代动力学参数,以考察CYP2E1和CYP3A的代谢活性的变化。大鼠ig给予氯唑沙宗80mg·kg-1后,热板方法测定大鼠添足次数和添足反射潜伏期。结果酒精性肝损伤可致大鼠肝小叶结构不清,肝索排列紊乱,肝细胞体积增大,呈弥漫性中度水变性,肝窦受压,大部分肝细胞胞浆内见大小不等的脂肪空泡;与正常对照组相比,酒精性肝损伤组大鼠GPT和GOT活性分别增加了16.0%和20.0%(P<0.05,P<0.01)。酒精性肝损伤致大鼠CYP2E1对探针药物氯唑沙宗的代谢活性增强,AUC,t1/2和cmax分别降低了38.0%,30.5%和35.0%(P<0.05);酒精肝损伤组大鼠氯唑沙宗镇痛效果明显降低;酒精性肝损伤致大鼠CYP3A对探针药物咪达唑仑的代谢活性增强,AUC,t1/2和cmax分别降低了122.6%,54.9%和56.9%(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论酒精性肝损伤可使大鼠CYP2E1和CYP3A代谢活性增强。     

半枝莲粗提物对人肝脏细胞色素P450酶的影响

目的 研究半枝莲水相和乙醇相提取物对人细胞色素P450主要酶活性的影响，为半枝莲的开发和合理地临床应用提供参考。方法 以咪哒唑仑、甲苯磺丁脲、咖啡因、氯唑沙完、异喹呱和试卤灵为探针药，用高效液相色谱法分别测定不同提取溶质的半枝莲粗提物对人细胞色素P450主要酶活性的影响。结果 ①半枝莲粗提物对CYP3A4、CYP2C9、CYP1A2、CYP1A1酶的活性呈现出剂量依赖性抑制作用。②半枝莲水相粗提物比乙醇相粗提物对CYP1A1和CYP1A2酶的体外抑制作用强。结论半枝莲水相提取物和乙醇相提取物是CYP3A4、CYP2C9、CYP1A2、CYP1A1体外抑制剂。     

细胞色素P450—3A4相关的药物相互作用

目的：综述与细胞色素P4503A4相关的药物相互作用。方法：检索Medline和中国药学文摘。结果：发现多种由CYP3A4催化代谢的药物之间可以竞争药物代谢酶,引起药物相互作用,CYP3A4的抑制剂和诱导剂均可以抑制或诱导CYP3A4催化代谢的药物代谢。导致有益或不良的药物相互作用。结论：CYP3A4催化代谢的药物联合使用,特别是CYP3A4抑制剂与底物联合使用时,可能因为抑制了药物的代谢而导致严重的药物不良反应。     

高效液相色谱法测定乙醇诱导型细胞色素P450活性

高效液相色谱法测定乙醇诱导型细胞色素Ｐ４５０活性金念祖茅力戴建国赵人陈景衡魏国勤杨森南京医科大学应用毒理实验室（２１００２９）细胞色素Ｐ４５０（简称Ｐ４５０）有许多亚型，Ｐ４５０２Ｅ１是其中的一种。据文献报道，Ｐ４５０２Ｅ１的活性可被乙醇诱导，为乙...     

重组细胞色素酶P450 3A4表达和鉴定

细胞色素酶P450是代谢内源性物质和外源性物质的重要的酶,在药物治疗和药物开发领域以及了解潜在的毒性物质和致癌性物质的代谢机制起决定性作用。旨在构建细胞色素酶P450 3A4的表达载体,在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化得到CYP3A4蛋白。用逆转录-聚合酶链反应方法从人肝脏总RNA中得到CYP3A4的cDNA,然后直接插入pMD20-T Vector中,将测序正确的N-末端和C-末端进行修饰。然后利用双酶切插入到表达载体pET-28a-c(+)Vectors,转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达。并通过定点突变的方法获得CYP3A4亚型P467S(CYP3A4*19)。采用SPSS13.0设计4因素2水平正交实验,对α-ALA(0.5 mmol/L和1 mmol/L)、IPTG(0.5 mmol/L和1 mmol/L)、卡那霉素(50μg/mL和100μg/mL)添加浓度及菌的接种密度(接种1%和接种2%)进行优化。并用SPSS13.0对结果进行分析,选择出比较好的组合进行下一步的大规模的诱导表达。经定点突变的方法成功获得了CYP3A4*19亚型。经IPTG诱导获得CYP3A4蛋白,并通过Western blot验证。用BCA蛋白浓度定量分析试剂盒测定的膜蛋白浓度在65μg/mL左右,α-ALA、抗生素(卡那霉素)、T7启动子诱导剂IPTG及接种密度高低两水平中对膜蛋白的表达水平的影响没有统计学意义。     

质粒表达型shRNA对CHL-3A4转基因细胞系细胞色素P450 3A4基因表达的抑制作用

目的研究质粒表达型shRNA对CHL-3A4转基因细胞系细胞色素P450 3A4基因表达的抑制作用.方法设计并构建3条shRNA真核表达载体（CYP 3A4 Ⅰ、CYP 3A4Ⅱ、CYP 3A4Ⅲ）,转染CHL-3A4转基因细胞,以空载体组及无关序列的shRNA表达载体组为阴性对照;转染后48 h,Western blotting观察RNA干扰对CYP 3A4蛋白表达的影响;RNA干扰后,用HPLC法测定CHL-3A4转基因细胞的硝苯地平氧化酶的活性.结果CYP3A4Ⅲ表达载体能显著抑制CYP 3A4蛋白表达（75%）,抑制硝苯地平氧化酶的活性.结论RNA干扰能抑制CYP 3A4基因表达.     

细胞因子与细胞色素P450

随着生物技术的发展,细胞因子的生物工程产品已越来越多地应用于临床治疗。本文通过对近年国外文献分析总结,综述了细胞因子对细胞色素P450的活性及其使RNA的表达影响,从中可以了解细胞因子对细胞色素P450的调节作用,对细胞因子在临床上的合理应用的重要意义。     

食物对细胞色素P450药物代谢酶的影响

细胞色素P450酶系在大多数内源性和外源性分子的生物氧化过程中发挥重要的作用,尤其在药物代谢方面。CYP450酶个体差异大,除了遗传因素的影响外,食物等外界因素也可能影响其活性或表达,从而影响经酶代谢药物的疗效和不良反应。故本文就食物因素对细胞色素P450酶影响的相关研究进行综述。     

细胞色素P450 3A5基因多态性与氯吡格雷抵抗的相关性研究

目的探讨脑梗死患者中细胞色素P450 3A5(CYP3A5)基因多态性与氯吡格雷抵抗的相关性。方法将200例脑梗死患者按服药后的血小板聚集率分为氯吡格雷抵抗(CR)组72例和非氯吡格雷抵抗(NCR)组128例。2组患者均予以氯吡格雷75 mg,qd,口服+阿司匹林100 mg,qd,口服。用基因芯片法检测CYP3A5 6989基因型与等位基因分布,比较2组患者的血小板聚集率和血栓发生率,并对CYP3A5 6989与氯吡格雷抵抗之间的相关性进行分析。结果治疗后,CR组和NCR组的血小板聚集率分别为(58.31±14.73)%和(88.45±20.45)%,血栓发生率分别为16.67%(12例/72例)和0.78%(1例/128例),CYP3A5 6989中AA型分布频率分别为48.62%和7.03%,CYP3A56989中GG型分布频率分别为19.44%和58.59%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。CR组和NCR组的A等位基因分别为64.58%和24.22%,G等位基因分别为35.42%和75.78%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论在脑梗死患者中,CYP3A5基因多态性与氯吡格雷抵抗间存在着显著的相关性。     

Mechanism-based inhibition of human Cytochrome P450-3A activity by grapefruit hybrids having low furanocoumarin content

1. A citrus breeding program aimed at developing low furanocoumarin (FC) grapefruit cultivars provided 40 grapefruit juice (GFJ) samples containing variable concentrations of FC derivatives, established as being mechanism-based (irreversible) inhibitors of human CYP3A isoforms.

2. The principal inhibitory FCs were identified as 6′,7′-dihydroxybergamottin, along with a series of dimeric compounds (spiroesters) having high inhibitory potency.

3. A random subset of the GFJ samples (n = 25) were tested as CYP3A inhibitors using an in vitro model based on human liver microsomal metabolism of the index substrate triazolam. The reciprocal values of in vitro 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) were highly correlated with concentrations of inhibitory FCs in the GFJ samples (r² = 0.96). However the correlations were driven mainly by a few samples having high FC content and high reciprocal IC₅₀ (corresponding to low IC₅₀). Among the rest of the samples, the relationship was less robust.

4. Further study is needed to determine how low the FC content needs to be (or how high the IC₅₀ needs to be) to assure minimal risk of clinical interactions involving GFJ and CYP3A substrate drugs.

     

In vivo approach for the evaluation of mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A in rats

1.?There have been no reports showing that the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of a probe drug is elevated due to mechanism-based inhibition (MBI) of drug-metabolizing enzymes in animals. This study ascertained that mechanism-based inhibitors reported to induce drug–drug interactions (DDIs) in humans also caused MBI in rats.

2.?Midazolam (MDZ), mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A in rats, and mibefradil, which showed the most intense time-dependent inhibition among the inhibitors tested, were selected as the probe and the inhibitor, respectively. Following pretreatment of mibefradil at 24 h before MDZ administration in rats, the C_max and AUC values of MDZ were significantly elevated in comparison with the control. The free plasma concentration of mibefradil was substantially lower than the IC₅₀ value observed in the in vitro inhibition study, suggesting that the DDI was due to MBI.

3.?It is concluded that the evaluation of MBI in rats in vivo in combination with in vitro data using human enzymes could be useful to evaluate risk in clinical studies.     

Inhibition of cytochrome P450 by furanocoumarins in grapefruit juice and herbal medicines

INTRODUCTIONFuranocoumarins are minor constituents in plants,belonging to Umbelliferae, Rutaceae, Moraceae, andLeguminosae. Some naturally occurring methoxy de-rivatives of furanocoumarins have been applied clinically,coupled with sunbathing, to cure dermatological dis-eases for more than 2000 years, and their confirmedphotosensitizing properties have led to the developmentof a modern medical principle, photochemotherapy[1].On the other hand, some plants containing furano-coumarins are …     

Roles of cytochrome P450 3A enzymes in the 2-hydroxylation of 1,4-cineole,a monoterpene cyclic ether,by rat and human liver microsomes

1. Oxidation of 1,4-cineole, a monoterpene cyclic ether, was studied in rat and human liver microsomes and recombinant cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) enzymes expressed in insect cells in which human P450 and NADPH-P450 reductase cDNAs have been introduced. On analysis with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, 2- exo -hydroxy-1,4-cineole was identified as a principal oxidation product of 1,4-cineole catalysed by rat and human P450 enzymes. 2. CYP3A4 was a major enzyme involved in the 2-hydroxylation of 1,4-cineole by human liver microsomes, based on the following lines of evidence. First, 1,4-cineole 2-hydroxylation activities catalysed by human liver microsomes were inhibited by ketoconazole, a potent inhibitor of CYP3A activities, and an anti-CYP3A4 antibody. Second, there was a good correlation between CYP3A4 contents and 1,4-cineole 2-hydroxylation activities in liver microsomes of eighteen human samples examined. Finally, of 10 recombinant human P450 enzymes examined, CYP3A4 had the highest activity for 1,4-cineole 2-hydroxylation. 3. Liver microsomal 1,4-cineole 2-hydroxylation activities were induced in rat by pregnenolone 16 α-carbonitrile and dexamethasone and extensively inhibited by ketoconazole, indicative of the possible roles of CYP3A enzymes in this reaction. 4. Kinetic analysis showed that V max / K m for 1,4-cineole 2-hydroxylation catalysed by liver microsomes was higher in a human sample HL-104 (4.6 μM -1?min -1) than those of rat treated with pregnenolone 16 α-carbonitrile (0.49 μM -1?min -1) and dexamethasone (0.36 μM -1?min -1). 5. 1,8-Cineole, a structurally related monoterpene previously shown to be catalysed by CYP3A enzymes, inhibited 1,4-cineole 2-hydroxylation catalysed by human liver microsomes, whereas 1,4-cineole did not inhibit 1,8-cineole 2-hydroxylation activities. Both compounds caused inhibition of testosterone 6 β -hydroxylation by human liver microsomes, the former compound being more inhibitory than the latter. 6. These results suggest that 1,4-cineole and 1,8-cineole, two plant essential oils present in Citrus medica L. var. acida and Eucalyptus polybractea, respectively, are converted to 2-hydroxylated products by CYP3A enzymes in rat and human liver microsomes. It is unknown at present whether the 2-hydroxylation products of these compounds are more active biologically than the parent compound.     

细胞色素氧化酶CYP3A4基因突变与表型研究进展

细胞色素P4503A4在许多内源性及外源性化合物的氧化及还原代谢中起关键作用，对CYP3A4基因表达的研究具有重要意义。本文对CYP3A4基因突变及其表型特征加以总结。     

肠道CYP3A和P-gp:口服药物的吸收屏障

细胞色素P4 5 0 3A (CYP3A)亚族是人类药物代谢最重要的I相酶。由Mdr1基因编码的外向转运载体蛋白P糖蛋白 (P gp)为药物外排泵。这两种蛋白质在口服药物吸收的主要部位胃肠道均有高表达 ,同时二者的底物具有显著的重叠性。近来 ,大量研究表明 ,决定口服药物生物利用度的主要因素是肠道细胞CYP3A对已吸收药物的生物转化作用和肠道细胞中P gp对已吸收药物的主动外排作用。如果药物为CYP3A和 (或 )P gp的底物 ,当其与CYP3A和P gp的抑制剂同时服用后 ,药物的口服生物利用度将可能升高     

Significantly reduced cytochrome P450 3A4 expression and activity in liver from humans with diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Patients with diabetes mellitus require pharmacotherapy with numerous medications. However, the effect of diabetes on drug biotransformation is not well understood. Our goal was to investigate the effect of diabetes on liver cytochrome P450 3As, the most abundant phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes in humans.

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

Human liver microsomal fractions (HLMs) were prepared from diabetic (n = 12) and demographically matched nondiabetic (n = 12) donors, genotyped for CYP3A4*1B and CYP3A5*3 polymorphisms. Cytochrome P450 3A4, 3A5 and 2E1 mRNA expression, protein level and enzymatic activity were compared between the two groups.

KEY RESULTS

Midazolam 1′- or 4-hydroxylation and testosterone 6β-hydroxylation, catalyzed by P450 3A, were markedly reduced in diabetic HLMs, irrespective of genotype. Significantly lower P450 3A4 protein and comparable mRNA levels were observed in diabetic HLMs. In contrast, neither P450 3A5 protein level nor mRNA expression differed significantly between the two groups. Concurrently, we have observed increased P450 2E1 protein level and higher chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation activity in diabetic HLMs.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

These studies indicate that diabetes is associated with a significant decrease in hepatic P450 3A4 enzymatic activity and protein level. This finding could be clinically relevant for diabetic patients who have additional comorbidities and are receiving multiple medications. To further characterize the effect of diabetes on P450 3A4 activity, a well-controlled clinical study in diabetic patients is warranted.     

肠道CYP3A和P-gp:口服药物的吸收屏障

细胞色素P4 5 0 3A (CYP3A)亚族是人类药物代谢最重要的I相酶。由MDR1基因编码的外向转运载体蛋白P糖蛋白 (P gp)为药物外排泵。这两种蛋白质在口服药物吸收的主要部位胃肠道均有高表达 ,同时二者的底物具有明显的重叠性。近来 ,大量研究表明 ,决定口服药物生物利用度的主要因素是肠道细胞CYP3A对已吸收药物的生物转化作用和肠道细胞中P gp对已吸收药物的主动外排作用。如果药物为CYP3A和 (或 )P gp的底物 ,当其与CYP3A和P gp的抑制剂同时服用后 ,药物的口服生物利用度将可能升高     

豆腐果苷对人肝微粒体CYP450酶体外抑制作用研究

目的:通过评价豆腐果苷在体外对人肝微粒体CYP450酶的7种亚型酶活性的影响,预测服用豆腐果苷可能出现的食物-药物及药物-药物代谢的影响。方法:将豆腐果苷与CYP450酶7种亚型的特异性探针底物咖啡因(CYP1A2)、右美沙芬(CYP2D6)、甲苯磺丁脲(CYP2C9)、S-美芬妥因(CYP2C19)、氯唑沙宗(CYP2E1)、香豆素(CYP2A6)及咪达唑仑(CYP3A4)与人肝微粒体进行孵育反应,采用HPLC和LC-MS/MS法测定对应的7种代谢产物(1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤、去甲右美沙芬、4-羟基甲苯磺丁脲、4-羟基美芬妥因、6-羟基氯唑沙宗、7-羟基香豆素和1-羟基咪达唑仑)的浓度,与对照组比较,确定豆腐果苷对以上7种亚酶活性的影响。结果:豆腐果苷在1～100μmol.L-1时对7种酶的抑制作用均无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:豆腐果苷可能不会引起有临床意义的CYP450酶抑制现象的发生。