中药中非法掺入枸橼酸西地那非的调查与分析

目的检查补肾壮阳类中药及中药保健品中非法掺入化学药西地那非。方法以高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-MS)对补肾壮阳提取液进行液相色谱-质谱分析。通过与西地那非对照品的色谱及质谱相比较进行定性鉴别。结果在20批补肾壮阳中药制剂中,有2批检出西地那非。结论针对这种违法违规行为必须采取措施严厉打击。     

检测中药保健品中非法掺入的盐酸西布曲明

目的检查某些中药减肥保健品中非法掺入的化学药品盐酸西布曲明。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定中药保健品中掺入盐酸西布曲明的含量,并用薄层色谱、高效液相色谱、红外光谱以及质谱技术进行定性鉴别。结果抽取的15种样品中,有13种检出了盐酸西布曲明。结论所建方法专属性强、灵敏度高,操作简便,可作为中药保健品中掺入盐酸西布曲明监督检查的有效方法。     

补肾类中成药中西药成分的检识

目的检查补肾类中成药是否非法加入枸橼酸西地那非。方法用化学方法、高效液相色谱法初步确认补肾类中成药中是否含有枸橼酸西地那非，进行定性鉴别。结论用化学方法、高效液相色谱法检测127批各种剂型的中成药，检出14批含有枸橼酸西地那非。结论该方法快速，简便。     

检测壮腰补肾丸中非法掺入的枸橼酸西地那非

目的建立检查壮腰补肾丸中非法掺入枸橼酸西地那非的方法。方法采用薄层色谱、高效液相色谱(二极管阵列检测)和质谱分析方法检查。结果样品中检出了枸橼酸西地那非。结论所用方法专属性强、灵敏度高、操作简便,可作为药检部门监督打假的参考方法。     

西地那非原料及其中成药制剂的红外光谱鉴别

目的检查非法生产的枸橼酸西地那非原料和非法加入补肾壮阳中成药及性保健药品中的枸橼酸西地那非.方法建立化学分离方法,从高效液相色谱法初步确认含有枸橼酸西地那非的原料药、中成药及性保健品中分离提取西地那非,并用中红外分光光度法(溴化钾压片)进行定性鉴别.结果对高效液相色谱法检测含有西地那非的28批原料、62批各种剂型的中成药,进行红外鉴定,均检出含有西地那非.结论该方法专属性强,快速,简便.     

中成药及中药保健品中添加西地那非的快速检测方法

目的：研究补肾壮阳中成药及性保健药品中的枸橼酸西地那非的快速检出方法。方法：利用西地那非的碱性特点，将样品先用酸水溶解，经碱化、氯仿萃取，除去中药中可能存在的干扰西地那非显色的成分后，采用硅胶薄层进行层析分离，用碘化铋钾显色。结果：用薄层色谱法检测的13个各种剂型的中成药及保健品，除3个品种外，均检出含有西地那非，检测结果与高效液相色谱法检测结果一致。结论：该方法简便、快速、可靠、专属性强，为检测中成药及保品中添加西地那非提供了一个良好的参考方法。     

液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用法测定中药降糖制剂中非法掺入苯乙双胍和格列齐特的研究

目的：建立检测中药降糖制剂中非法掺入的苯乙双胍和格列齐特专属性方法。方法：采用液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用法。通过相对分子质量、二级质谱碎片信息、液相色谱保留时间3方面信息，对中药降糖制剂的提取液进行液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱分析。通过与对照品的色谱及质谱行为相比较，对中药降糖制剂中非法掺入的合成降糖药进行定性鉴别。结果：在4种受试中药降糖制剂中，1种被检测到同时掺有苯乙双胍和格列齐特，1种被检测到掺有苯乙双胍。结论：该方法选择性强，灵敏度高，可作为分析中药降糖制剂中非法掺入苯乙双胍和格列齐特的有效检测方法。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法检测中药制剂和保健品中非法添加的醋酸氟轻松

目的建立检测中药制剂和保健品中非法添加的醋酸氟轻松的专属性方法。方法采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法,通过与醋酸氟轻松对照品的保留时间和多极质谱图比对,定性鉴别样品中非法掺入的醋酸氟轻松。结果在一批样品中检测出醋酸氟轻松。结论所用检测方法准确、快速、灵敏,可以有效地检测中药制剂和保健品中非法添加的醋酸氟轻松。     

枸橼酸西地那非阴道栓的制备及质量控制

目的:建立枸橼酸西地那非阴道栓的制备工艺及质量控制方法。方法:制备枸橼酸西地那非阴道栓,用反相高效液相色谱法测定枸橼酸西地那非含量。结果:枸橼酸西地那非阴道栓制备工艺可行,枸橼酸西地那非在2.5~15.0mg.L-1范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 9,平均回收率为99.03%,RSD为0.61%。结论:该制剂的制备工艺及质量控制方法,简单易行。     

液相色谱-质谱联用法检测中药降血糖制剂中格列齐特

目的建立检测中药降血糖制剂中非法掺入的格列齐特专属性方法。方法采用液相色谱 串联四极杆质谱联用法。选用Allitma C18柱，以乙睛 0.1%甲酸(60：40)为流动相对中药降血糖制剂的甲醇提取液进行液相色谱 串联四极杆质谱分析。通过与对照品的色谱及质谱行为相比较，对中药降血糖制剂中非法掺入的合成化学降血糖药格列齐特进行鉴定。结果在受试中药降血糖制剂中检测到格列齐特。结论该方法选择性强，灵敏度高，可作为分析检测中药降血糖制剂中格列齐特的有效方法。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.