高效液相色谱法测定酚麻美敏片的含量

目的 :建立测定酚麻美敏片含量的方法。方法 :高效液相色谱法。固定相为ODS -C18柱 ,4 .6mm× 2 50mm ,5μm ;流动相为甲醇 -0 .0 5mol/L磷酸二氢钾 -三乙胺 ( 2 0∶80∶0 .0 2 ,用磷酸调至pH5.5) ;检测波长为 2 1 5nm 结果 :4种成分的方法回收率均在 98%～ 1 0 1 % ,n =3。结论 :该方法简便准确 ,结果满意     

反相高效液相色谱法测定风湿骨痛颗粒中甘草酸的含量

目的　研究风湿骨痛颗粒中甘草酸的定量分析方法。方法　采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱。shim packclc ODS(15 0mm× 4 6mm ) ;流动相 :甲醇 -水 -冰醋酸 -三乙胺(6 0∶38∶1∶0 3) ;检测波长 :2 5 0nm ;柱温 :30℃ ;结果　甘草酸含量测定的线性范围为 16 4 2～ 82 10 μg(r =0 9999,n =5 ) ,平均加样回收率为 98 0 2 % ,RSD为 1 4 2 %。结论　该方法简便、快速准确 ,可作为该制剂的质量控制方法     

HPLC测定人血清中胺碘酮浓度

采用高效液相色谱法测定人血清中胺碘酮的浓度 ,色谱柱为ShimpackC1 8柱 (1 5 0mm× 6mm ,5 μm)。流动相为甲醇 -水 -二乙胺 (75 0∶2 5 0∶5 ) (醋酸调pH值 5 5 )。流速为 1ml·min- 1 ,检测波长为 2 42nm。测得胺碘酮的平均回收率为 1 0 2 3 % ,RSD为 6 7% ,方法快速 ,简便     

高效液相色谱法测定卡托普利片含量

目的　建立卡托普利片含量的高效液相测定法。 方法 　利用高效液相色谱法测定 ,选用 Kromasil C1 8柱 ,( 5μm,2 0 0 mm× 4.6mm) ;流动相 :0 .0 1%磷酸二氢钠溶液 -乙腈 -甲醇 ( 66∶ 17∶ 17)流速 1.0 m L· min- 1 ;检测波长 :2 15 nm;柱温 5 0℃。没食子酸丙脂作内标物质。结果 　线性范围为 2 5μg· m L- 1～ 75μg· m L - 1 ;方法回收率为 10 0 .4%,RSD=0 .83 %( n=9)。 结论 　该方法简便 ,灵敏 ,准确     

高效液相色谱法测定接骨增效胶囊中柚皮苷含量

目的 :建立接骨增效胶囊中柚皮苷含量测定方法。方法 :采用高效液相色谱法 ,色谱柱为HyporsilODS柱 (4.6mm×15 0mm ,5 μm) ;流动相为甲醇 水 冰醋酸 (35∶6 5∶0 .3,pH3) ;紫外检测波长 2 83nm ;流速为 1.2ml·min-1。结果 :线性范围是 2～35 μg·ml-1;回收率为 97.0 1% ,RSD =3.11% (n =5 )。结论 :方法简便、快速、准确 ,可作为该制剂的质控方法。     

HPLC法测定西红花康复液中丹皮酚的含量

目的 :建立西红花康复液中丹皮酚的高效液相色谱分析方法。方法 :以KomasilODS 1(4 .6mm× 2 0 0mm ,5 μm)为色谱柱 ,流动相为甲醇∶水 (5 0∶5 0 ) ,流速为 1ml·min-1,柱温 4 0℃ ,检测波长 2 74nm。结果 :线性范围为 0 .0 6 3～ 0 .378μg(r =0 .9998) ,平均加样回收率为 97.2 4 % ,RSD为 2 6 .3% (n =9)。结论 :本方法快速、简便 ,适用于本制剂的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方荔枝草颗粒剂中高车前苷含量

目的 :建立测定复方荔枝草颗粒剂中高车前苷含量的高效液相色谱法。方法 :以KF -C18(2 5 0mm× 4 6mm ,10 μm)为分析柱 ,流动相为甲醇 -水 -pH 3 5的 1 0mol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲液 (4 0∶5 5∶5 ) ;柱温为 45℃ ;检测波长为 335nm ;流速为 1 0mL·min-1,采用面积外标法。结果 :线性范围 3 12× 10 -3 ～ 0 2 0 μg ,平均回收率为 96 96 %～ 10 1 5 % ,RSD <0 6 9% (n =3)。结论 :本法简便、灵敏、重现性好 ,可用于测定该颗粒剂高车前苷的含量和质量标准的控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定金骨颗粒剂中仙茅苷的含量

目的 :高效液相色谱法测定金骨颗粒剂中仙茅苷的含量。方法 :本品以甲醇提取 ,提取物加水溶解后用醋酸乙酯萃取 ,萃取液进行高效液相色谱法分析。色谱柱AlltimaC1 8(5 μm ,4 6mm× 2 5 0mm) ,流动相为甲醇 -异丙醇 -水 (2 0∶5∶75 ) ,流速 :0 8mL·min- 1 ;柱温 :30℃ ;检测波长 :2 83nm。结果 :加样平均回收率为 98 6 8% ,RSD为 2 1% (n =5 )。结论 :实验结果表明 ,该法灵敏度高、专属性好、操作简便、重现性好。     

HPLC法测定煤盏花素片含量

目的 　测定灯盏花素片的含量。 方法 　采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为 C1 8柱。 (10μm,4.6mm× 2 5 0 mm) ;流动相为甲醇 :水 (80∶ 2 0 ) ;流速 0 .9ml·min- 1 ,检测波长 3 3 5 nm;柱温 :室温。结果 　灯盏花素片在 2 0 μg～ 80 μg·ml- 1范围内 ,线性关系良好 ,平均回收率为 10 0 .2 % ,RSD为 1.5 3 %。 结论 　该法可用于灯盏花素片中灯盏花乙素的含量测定     

高效液相色谱法测定丙谷胺片的含量

目的 　建立高效液相色谱法 (外标法 )测定丙谷胺片的含量。 方法 　采用 Agilient Hypersil ODS柱 (4 .0 mm× 2 5 0 mm,5μm) ,检测波长2 2 5 nm,流动相为甲醇 -水 (60∶ 40 ) ,流速为 1.0 ml·min- 1 ,外标法。结果 　测得线性范围 :12 .3 6～ 12 3 .6μg·m L- 1 ,回收率 99.3 2± 0 .89% (n=6) ,RSD为 1.44 %。 结论 　该方法操作简便、结果准确、重现性好。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Glycofection: The Ubiquitous Roles of Sugar Bound on Glycoplexes

Glycofection (transfection by using sugar-substituted polylysine) was assessed in order to provide an alternative to viral vectors for the transfer of genes into vascular smooth muscle cells. A rabbit vascular smooth muscle cell line (Rb-1 cells) was selectively transfected by using glycoplexes (glycosylated polylysine/pSV2LUC complexes) in the presence of 10 mu M of the fusogenic peptide GALA. A sugar-specific transfection was obtained when the glycofection was conducted for 1 h with glycoplexes containing either alpha Gal, alpha -Glc, alpha -GalNAc, beta -GlcNAc, or beta -GalNAc residues. The gene expression was high after transfection, with glycoplexes bearing alpha Gal, alpha -GalNAc, or beta -GalNAc residues that were weakly internalized, and low with glycoplexes carrying Lact or Rha residues that were well taken up by cells. These results suggest that 1) glycofection can be a good approach for a selective transfer of genes intovascular smooth muscle cells, 2) an efficient uptake of the glycoplexes is not the unique limiting step for an efficient transfection, and 3) the sugar-dependent trafficking of the glycoplexes inside the cells may account for the transfection efficiency.     

直肠癌下切缘病理组织学分析

目的探讨直肠癌逆向浸润与下切缘的安全距离的关系。方法对36例直肠癌Miles手术和Dixon手术后标本的肿瘤下缘1.0cm、2.0cm、3.0cm的肠壁及对应的系膜病理组织学检查,观察直肠癌逆向浸润或转移的距离。结果36例直肠癌标本距癌肿下缘1.0 cm、2.0cm、3.0cm的肠壁及对应的系膜病理组织学检查均为阴性,结论直肠癌远恻逆向浸润或转移未见超过1.0cm,因此认为保肛手术时切除肿瘤远侧肠管(包括系膜)2.0cm是安全的。