高效液相色谱法测定不同生长期武当玉兰中木兰脂素含量

目的建立测定不同生长期武当玉兰中木兰脂素含量的反相高效液相色谱法。方法采用Agilent HC C8（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）色谱柱，流动相为乙腈 四氢呋喃 水（35：1：64），流速为1.0 mL•min－1，柱温30 ℃，检测波长为278 nm。 结果木兰脂素在0.05～1.02 mg•mL－1（r＝0.999 8）范围有良好的线性关系，平均加样回收率为97.9%；RSD＜2.0%。结论树龄10～15年武当玉兰中木兰脂素含量最高。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定利鼻片中木兰脂素含量

目的建立测定利鼻片中木兰脂素含量的反相高效液相色谱法。方法采用UltimateTM XB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-四氢呋喃-水(35∶1∶64),检测波长为276 nm。结果木兰脂素进样量在0.102 8～1.028μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 8),平均加样回收率为97.17%,RSD为1.49%(n=6)。结论该方法简便易行、准确可靠,可用于利鼻片的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定中药辛夷中木兰脂素的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定中药辛夷中木兰脂素含量。方法:采用Zorbaz SB-C_8(4.6mm×150mm,5μm)柱,保护柱C_8(4.6mm×20mm,10μm),以乙腈-四氢呋喃-水(35:1:64)为流动相,流速1mL·min~(-1),检测波长为278 nm,柱温:室温。结果:木兰脂素的线性范围为0.1～1.5μg,r为0.999 9,平均回收率为97.5％,RSD为0.72％(n=5)。结论:该方法准确、简便、快速,灵敏度高,重现性好。为辛夷建立了新的质量控制方法。     

鼻康喷雾剂的质量控制标准研究

目的：测定鼻康喷雾剂中辛夷花含木兰脂素的含量,控制每毫升＞30μg。方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为 Allsphere-C18柱（250㎜×4.6㎜,5μg）。乙腈∶3.3％四氢呋喃溶液（36∶64）为流动相,流速为1.2mL· min -1;检测波长：278nm,结果木兰脂素在0.0936～1.872μg · min -1范围内具有良好线性关系,平均回收率为98.6％,RSD1.26％。结论用HPLC法测定木兰脂素含量和薄层色谱鉴别麻黄碱,可控制鼻康喷雾剂内在质量。     

RP-HPLC测定辛芩口服液中木兰脂素的含量

目的:建立辛芩口服液中木兰脂素含量的RP-HPLC测定方法。方法:采用Shim-pack VP-ODS色谱柱C_(18)(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-四氢呋喃-水(35:2:63);流速:1.0ml·min~(-1);检测波长:278nm;柱温:室温.结果:木兰脂素在32～320μg·ml~(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率为100.4%,RSD为0.8%(n=6).结论:该方法简便、灵敏、重现性好。     

用微波萃取-HPLC法测定不同产地辛夷药材中木兰脂素的含量

目的:采用微波萃取-HPLC法测定木兰脂素的含量,并考察4个不同产地辛夷药材中木兰脂素的含量差异。方法:采用微波萃取法,以75%乙醇为溶剂,在76℃恒温800 s萃取辛夷药材中的木兰脂素。Shim-Pack VP-ODS柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-水(40∶60),流速:0.8 ml/min;柱温:室温,检测波长:238 nm,采用HPLC法测定木兰脂素的含量。结果:以峰面积(A)对浓度(c)作线性回归,回归方程为A=2.922 7×104c-3 617.4(r=0.999 9),在5.6~240.8μg/ml浓度范围内,木兰脂素的峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系。该法的精密度、重现性和稳定性良好,低、中、高浓度(104.87、127.42和172.51μg/ml)的加样回收率分别为(100.39±1.58)%(、103.82±4.04)%和(103.74±0.13)%(n=3)。采用该法测得河南、河北、湖南、湖北4地所产的辛夷药材中木兰脂素含量分别为(6.59±0.39)%(、3.44±0.48)%、(2.73±0.28)%和(4.18±0.25)%(n=3)。其中河南产辛夷药材中木兰脂素含量最高。结论:本方法简便、准确、稳定、重复性好,可作为辛夷药材及相关制剂质量控制的定量方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定鼻康喷雾剂中木兰脂素的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定鼻康喷雾剂中木兰脂素的含量。方法选用Allsphere-C18色谱柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,以乙腈-3.3%四氢呋喃溶液（34：66）为流动相,检测波长为278nm,柱温为30℃,流速为1.2mL.min-1。结果木兰脂素在0.0936～1.872μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9999。平均回收率为98.6%,RSD为1.26%。结论该方法准确可靠、精密度高、重现性好,可用于鼻康喷雾剂中木兰脂素的含量测定。     

HPLC测定不同生长期五味子中的5种木脂素成分

目的 采用HPLC法测定辽宁凤城地区不同生长期五味子中的5种木脂素成分.方法 用Agilent TC-C18色谱柱(250 mm x4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-乙腈-水,梯度洗脱,流速0.9 mL·min-1,柱温35℃,检测波长220 nm.结果 不同生长期和不同环境下五味子中木脂素的含量有差异.结论 半成...     

HPLC法测定通窍鼻炎片中木兰脂素的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定通窍鼻炎片中木兰脂含量的分析方法。方法用Phenomenex C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),乙腈-四氢呋喃-水(35∶1∶64)作为流动相,流速为1.0ml.min-1,检测波长为274nm。结果木兰脂素在0.2~2.0μg与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率为99.77%,RSD=1.048%(n=5)。结论方法操作简便、重现性好、灵敏度高、专属性强,可用于通窍鼻炎片的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定苍辛滴鼻剂中绿原酸及木兰脂素的含量

目的 运用高效液相色谱法对苍耳子中的绿原酸及辛夷中的木兰脂素进行含量测定。方法 绿原酸采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Shim-Pack CLC ODS C18柱（250×4.6 mm,5 μm）;乙腈-0.4%磷酸溶液（10∶90）为流动相;检测波长为327 nm;流速：1.0 mL/min。木兰脂素的色谱条件为：用辛基键合硅胶为填充剂Hypersil C8柱（250×4.6 mm,5 μm）为色谱柱;乙腈-四氢呋喃-水（35∶1∶64）为流动相;检测波长为278 nm;流速：1.0 mL/min。结果 绿原酸在12.99～129.90 μg/mL（r=0.999 9）范围内及木兰脂素在19.67～196.70 μg/mL（r=0.999 9）范围内线性关系良好,绿原酸回收率为99.28%,RSD为1.15%（n=9）;木兰脂素回收率为99.42%,RSD为0.68%（n=9）, 3批样品中绿原酸的平均含量为0.818 4、0.818 5、0.818 9 mg/mL;木兰脂素的平均含量为0.163 7、0.163 4、0.164 1 mg/mL。结论 高效液相色谱法简便、灵敏、准确,可作为苍辛滴鼻剂的定量质量控制。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.     

Hyperkalaemia in patients in hospital

A survey of all laboratory blood specimens with a plasma potassium concentration greater than or equal to 5.5 mmol/L was conducted over a three month period. Of 331 specimens with hyperkalaemia, 71 were excluded because the specimens was haemolysed, old or contaminated. The laboratory served a population of 348,561 and during this time measured the plasma potassium on 25,016 occasions. Sixty-six outpatients and 20 neonates were not evaluated. The survey was undertaken on 86 of 102 inpatients (46 males), 48 of whom were over 66 years of age. Fifty-seven patients were admitted under a medical service and 29 under a surgical service. Fifty-nine had a single episode of hyperkalaemia. Thirty-two underwent a surgical procedure. The commonest contributing factor was impaired renal function which was present in 71 (83%) patients. Although a definitive causative role for drugs could be identified in only five patients, in 52 (60%) patients drugs were a contributing factor (potassium supplements 24, ACE inhibitors 16, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 12). Thirty-five of the 86 (41%) patients died during their hospital admission. Nineteen of the 35 deaths occurred within three days of the hyperkalaemia being recorded. A normal plasma potassium was eventually documented in 50 of the 86 patients. Of the remaining 36 patients, 25 (69%) subsequently died. In general the treatment of patients with hyperkalaemia focused on identifying and treating the underlying cause. Hyperkalaemia must always be considered seriously and regard given to the overall clinical status of the patient, with particular attention to drug therapy, renal and cardiac function, acid base status and the possibility of sepsis.