7-氨基-3-(5-羧甲基-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-巯甲基)头孢-2-烯-2-羧酸的合成

在合成7-氨基-3-(5-羧甲基-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-2-巯甲基)头孢-2-烯-2-羧酸(TACA)过程中使用了三氟化硼碳酸二甲酯络合物(BF3-(CH3O)2CO)为催化剂,产品收率83%,纯度98.5%。产品结构经1H-NMR,13CNMR,MS确证。     

4-乙酰氧基-2-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醛的合成

丙酮醛缩二甲醇与氯乙烯格氏试剂反应得叔醇,然后经乙酐酰化制得1,2-二乙酰氧基-2-甲基-1-甲氧基-3-丁烯,进而水解得2-乙酰氧基-2-甲基-3-丁烯-1-醛,最后重排得到维生素A的关键中间体4-乙酰氧基-2-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醛,总收率约49%。     

7-氯-6-氟-4-羟基-2-巯基喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯的合成

以价格低廉的 3-氯 - 4 -氟苯胺为起始原料,合成普卢利沙星的关键中间体 7-氯 - 6 -氟 - 4 -羟基苯并[h]吡啶- 3-甲酸乙酯获得成功。此法成本低,收率高,为进一步探索普卢利沙星的合成方法打下基础     

1-氯-2-甲基-4-乙酰氧基-2-丁烯的制备

异戊二烯与三氯异氰脲酸和水进行氯醇化反应,得1-氯-2-甲基-3-丁烯-2-醇和4-氯-3-甲基-2-丁烯醇,该混合物在对甲苯磺酸催化下与乙酐反应,得1-氯-2-甲基-4-乙酰氧基-2-丁烯,总收率约为61%,纯度93.5%。     

1-乙基-1,4-二氢-7-硝基-4-氧-6-(1-哌嗪基)喹啉-3-羧酸的合成

氟哌酸(Norfloxacin,8)为吡酮酸类抗菌药物的优秀代表之一,由7-氯-1-乙基-6-氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧喹啉-3-羧酸同无水哌嗪缩合而得,由于氯、氟对亲核取代相竞争,在一般条件下有25％左右的氟被哌嗪取代了的副产物生成(J Med Chem 1980,23:1358)。基于芳香硝基对亲核试剂的敏感性高于氯(化学通报 1983,(5):38),我们设想把7-位氯改为硝基,即用1-乙基-1,4-二氢-7-硝基-4-氧-6-氟喹啉-3-羧酸乙酯(1)与无水哌嗪反应、有可能减少     

2-甲基-1,2,5,6-四氢-5,6-二氧-1,2,4-三嗪-3-硫醇的合成研究

目的　制备 2 -甲基 - 1,2,5,6 -四氢 - 5,6 -二氧 - 1,2,4 -三嗪 - 3-硫醇。方法　在甲醇的碱性介质中,通过1-甲基 - 1-氨基硫脲与草酸二乙酯的缩合反应制备医药中间体三嗪环。结果及结论　适宜的反应条件为 1-甲基 - 1-氨基硫脲、草酸二乙酯、甲醇钠的量(摩尔)比例为 1 0∶1 1∶2 0,其收率可达 6 0 %。     

2-甲基-2-取代-7-羟基-2,3-二氢-4H-1-苯骈吡喃-4-酮及其

目的:对自行设计的抗真菌先导化合物进行衍生物合成和抗真菌活性研究,以验证设计思想,检验模建结果的可靠性。方法:设计合成18个化合物,所有目标化合物经元素分析、1HNMR谱和红外光谱确证,部分化合物还进一步用13CNMR谱、MSEI谱和高分辨质谱确证。用8种人类致病真菌对所有目标化合物测试体外最小抑菌浓度值。结果:合成的18个化合物中,14个(JS1b～d,JS2a～d,JS3a～b,JS4a～d和JS5c)为新化合物。结论:对所合成的化合物进行抗真菌活性测试,结果表明设计合成的衍生物的抗真菌活性变化规律与设计思想吻合,从配体角度验证了模建的靶酶三维结构的可靠性,检测了活性位点力场的分布。     

5-氨基-6,8-二氟-1-(5-氟-2-吡啶基)-7-(3-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-1,4-二氢-4-氧代喹啉-3-羧酸及其类似物的合成及其抗菌作用

目的设计合成1-位为5-氟-2-吡啶基的吡酮酸衍生物,并对其抗菌活性进行初步评价.方法以2,3,4,5-四氟-6-硝基苯甲酰基乙酸乙酯和2,4,5-三氟-3-甲氧基苯甲酰基乙酸乙酯为原料,经多步反应合成8个5-氨基-6,8-二氟-1-(5-氟-2-吡啶基)-7-(3-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-1,4-二氢-4-氧代喹啉-3-羧酸及其类似物.结果共合成15个新化合物,经¹HNMR和MS确证其结构,其中8个(8-15)为目标物.结论8个目标物对金黄色葡萄球菌-16、大肠埃希氏菌-26和铜绿假单孢菌-17的体外活性均低于环丙沙星.     

5-羟基-6-甲氧基-2-苄基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-酮的合成

目的研究5-羟基-6-甲氧基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-酮衍生物的合成方法。方法以异香草酸甲酯为原料,通过烯丙基醚化、Claisen重排、氧化、西佛碱的制备、还原、分子内酯的胺解6步反应合成了5-羟基-6-甲氧基-2-苄基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-酮(1),总收率达55.0%。Schiff碱的制备、还原、酯的胺解3步在"一锅"内完成。结果合成了新的3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-酮衍生物,其结构经IR和1HNMR确认。结论设计的合成路线具有反应条件温和、操作简便、反应总收率高等优点。     

5-取代-1-烷基-2-硝基咪唑

2-硝基咪唑(Azomycin)具有良好的抗原虫活性,报道较多,但对抗细菌和真菌的活性数据却很少记载。本文就其5位和1位取代如下列(Ⅰ),(Ⅱ),(Ⅲ)通式所示各种化合物约30只进行试验 1烷基-2-硝基-5-乙烯基咪唑(Ⅱ,R′=H),系由1-烷基-2-硝基-5-(2氯乙基)咪唑采用叔丁醇钾(Me_3COK)反应制得,二醇化合物(Ⅲ,R′=CH(OH)CH_2OH)由1-烷基-     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some new nitroimidazole derivatives

In this study, some new nitroimidazole derivatives were obtained from 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethylamine dihydrochloride (4) and 1-(2-bromoethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (5), which were prepared using metronidazole. Compound 4 was reacted with arylisothiocyanates (6) to obtain 1-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-3-arylthioureas (7) and the latter with alpha-bromoacetophenones (8) to give 3-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-2-arylimino-4-aryl-4-thiazolines (9). Also 1-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-2-phenyl-4-arylideneimidazolin-5-ones (11) were prepared by reaction of 4 with 2-phenyl-4-arylidene-5-oxazolones (10). The reaction of the other starting material 5 with 5-arylidenethiazolidin-2,4-dione (12) gave 3-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-5-arylidenethiazolidin-2,4-dione (13) derivatives. Structural elucidation of the compounds was performed by IR, 1H-NMR and MASS spectroscopic data and elemental analysis results. Antimicrobial activities of the compounds were examined and moderate activity was obtained.     

Porphyrin dimers as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy

Porphyrin dimers 9 with either linkages and possible isomers bis[1-[6,7-bis[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-2- vinylporphin-4-yl]ethyl] ether (10) bis[1-[6,7-bis[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-4- vinylporphin-2-yl]ethyl] ether (11), and 1-[6,7-bis[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-2-vinylporph in- 4-yl]ethyl 1-[6,7-bis[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-4-vinylporph in- 2-yl]ethyl ether (12) were synthesized from the corresponding (1-hydroxyethyl)vinyldeuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl esters (Hvd). The pure Hvd isomers 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-vinyldeuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (7) and 4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-vinyldeuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (8) were obtained from 2-acetyl-4-(1-hydroxyethyl) deuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (3) and 4-acetyl-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)deuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (4). Porphyrins 3 and 4 were prepared either by partial reduction of 2,4-diacetyldeuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (2) or by oxidation of hematoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (1) by using tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate (Prn4N)(RuO4) with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide as an oxidizing agent. The in vivo photosensitizing ability and therapeutic ratios of dimers 9-12 were compared with that of Photofrin II in the SMT-F tumor growing subcutaneously in DBA/2 Ha mice. These dimers were found to have better tumoricidal activity than Photofrin II with reduced skin phototoxicity.     

(2R,4R)-4-甲基-2-哌啶甲酸乙酯的合成工艺改进

目的 优化(2R,4R)-4-甲基-2-哌啶甲酸乙酯的合成工艺.方法 以S-(-)-α-甲基苄胺为原料,与乙醛酸乙酯反应得到[(S)-1-苯乙基亚胺基]乙酸乙酯,与异戊二烯进行环合后,再经不对称氢化和脱保护反应制得(2R,4R)-4-甲基-2-哌啶甲酸乙酯.结果 总收率从17.0％提高至47.6％.结论 本工艺可有效地降低生产成本.     

Structure/activity studies related to 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-substituted- ethyl]acetamides: a novel series of potent and selective kappa-opioid agonists.

This paper describes the synthesis of a series of N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]acetamides 1, variously substituted at the carbon adjacent to the amide nitrogen (C1), and related analogues, together with their biological evaluation as opioid kappa agonists. In the first part of the study, the variants in N-acyl, N-alkyl, and amino functions were explored when the substituent at C1 was 1-methylethyl and the optimum was found to be exemplified by 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-[(1S)-1-(1-methylethyl)-2- (1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]acetamide (13). Subsequently, racemic or chiral amino acids were used to introduce other alkyl and aryl substituents at C1 of the ethyl linking moiety. A series of potent compounds, bearing substituted-aryl groups at C1, were discovered, typified by 2-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-N-methyl-N-[(1R,S)-1-(3-aminophenyl)-2-(1- pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]acetamide (48), which was 5-fold more active as the racemate than 13 in vitro and exhibited potent naloxone-reversible analgesic effects (ED50 = 0.04 mg/kg sc) in a mouse abdominal constriction model.     

Synthesis and hypnotic activity of new 4-thiazolidinone and 2-thioxo-4,5-imidazolidinedione derivatives

Conveniently accessible 4-[(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-thiosemicarbazide (2) was converted to new 1-substituted benzylidene/furfurylidene-4- [2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-thiosemicarbazides (3) which furnished 2-(substituted benzylidene/furfurylidene) hydrazono-3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]thiazolidin-4-ones (4) and 1-(substituted benzylidene/furfurylidene)-amino -3-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-thioxo-4,5-imidazolidinedio nes (5) on reaction with chloroacetic acid and oxalyl chloride, respectively. The structure of 5 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies performed on 5a. 4 and 5 were evaluated for their potentiating effects on pentobarbital induced hypnosis. Most of the compounds caused remarkable increases in pentobarbital sleeping time.     

盐酸乙氟利嗪的合成

1-[双(4-氟苯基)甲基]哌嗪和氯乙氧基乙酸乙酯在碘化钾催化下,以三乙胺作缚酸剂,于二甲苯中缩合制得2-[2-[4-[双(4-氟苯基)甲基]-1-哌嗪基]乙氧基]乙酸乙酯,再经水解、成盐酸盐制得组胺H<,1>受体拮抗剂盐酸乙氟利嗪,总收率约78%.     

酒石酸拉索昔芬的合成

6-甲氧基-1-四氢萘酮与1-[2-(4-溴苯氧基)乙基]吡咯烷缩合后,经三溴化吡啶鎓溴代,与苯硼酸进行Suzuki偶合、钯炭催化加氢、48%氢溴酸脱甲基后,经D-酒石酸拆分成盐得酒石酸拉索昔芬,总收率约15%[以1-[2-(4-溴苯氧基)乙基]吡咯烷计]。     

Rates of ethyl acrylate binding to glutathione and protein.

Ethyl acrylate is a monomer used extensively in polymer manufacturing. Although ethyl acrylate is toxic at high concentrations, it is metabolized and detoxified rapidly at low concentrations. In the current studies, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that [14C]ethyl acrylate reacts with both glutathione (GSH) and protein to give either [14C]3-(glutathion-S-yl)ethylpropionate or covalently bound protein adducts, respectively. The second-order rate constant for [14C]ethyl acrylate conjugation with GSH was determined by quantification of [14C]3-(glutathion-S-yl)ethylpropionate using an HPLC system equipped with a flow-through radioactive detector. The rate constant for conjugation was 32.8 M-1 min-1. Additionally, the apparent second-order rate constants were determined for [14C]ethyl acrylate binding to the protein fraction of 14 whole tissue homogenates. Estimation of total protein binding sites was performed by reacting tissue homogenates with high concentrations of [14C]ethyl acrylate, while rates of binding were determined by reacting tissue homogenates with 200 microM [14C]ethyl acrylate at 37 degrees C for various periods of time. Apparent second-order rate constants for ethyl acrylate binding to protein homogenates were similar to that observed for GSH reacting with ethyl acrylate. The role of GSH-transferase in catalyzing 3-(glutathion-S-yl)ethylpropionate formation also was evaluated with whole tissue homogenates. In most tissues, the GSH-transferases poorly catalyzed the conjugation reaction. However, a significant increase in 3-(glutathion-S-yl)ethylpropionate formation was observed with liver homogenate.     

盐酸贝那普利的合成

以L-苹果酸为手性源,经成酐活化、傅-克反应、常压氢化和酯化反应制得(S)-2-羟基-4-苯基丁酸乙酯(8),8经甲磺酰化活化后经与丙酸钾反应和水解制得构型反转的(R)-2-羟基4-苯基丁酸乙酯(3).3经磺酰化活化后与(3S)-3-氨基-2,3,4,5-四氢-2-氧代-1H-1-苯并氮(革)-1-乙酸叔丁酯(2)反应后水解、成盐制得盐酸贝那普利,总收率约32％.     

The pharmacokinetics of a thiazole benzenesulfonamide beta 3-adrenergic receptor agonist and its analogs in rats, dogs, and monkeys: improving oral bioavailability.

The pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of (R)-N-[4-[2-[[2-hydroxy-2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]-4-[4-[4-(trifluoromethylphenyl]thiazol-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide (1), a 3-pyridyl thiazole benzenesulfonamide beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist, were investigated in rats, dogs, and monkeys. Systemic clearance was higher in rats (approximately 30 ml/min/kg) than in dogs and monkeys (both approximately 10 ml/min/kg), and oral bioavailability was 17, 27, and 4%, respectively. Since systemic clearance was 25 to 40% of hepatic blood flow in these species, hepatic extraction was expected to be low, and it was likely that oral bioavailability was limited either by absorption or a large first-pass effect in the gut. The absorption and excretion of 3H-labeled 1 were investigated in rats, and only 28% of the administered radioactivity was orally absorbed. Subsequently, the hepatic extraction of 1 was evaluated in rats (30%) and monkeys (47%). The low oral bioavailability in rats could be explained completely by poor oral absorption and hepatic first-pass metabolism; in monkeys, oral absorption was either less than in rats or first-pass extraction in the gut was greater. In an attempt to increase oral exposure, the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of two potential prodrugs of 1, an N-ethyl [(R)-N-[4-[2-[ethyl[2-hydroxy-2-(3-pyridinyl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]-4-[4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiazol-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide; 2] and a morpholine derivative [(R)-N-[4-[2-[2-(3-pyridinyl)morpholin-4-yl]ethyl]phenyl]-4-[4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)- phenyl]thiazol-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide; 3], were evaluated in monkeys. Conversion to 1 was low (<3%) with both derivatives, and neither entity was an effective prodrug, but the oral bioavailability of 3 (56%) compared with 1 (4%) was significantly improved. The hypothesis that the increased oral bioavailability of 3 was due to a reduction in hydrogen bonding sites in the molecule led to the design of (R)-N-[4-[2-[[2-hydroxy-2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]-4-[4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)thiazol-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide (4), a 2-pyridyl beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist with improved oral bioavailability in rats and monkeys.