血管内皮细胞生长因子对胸水性质鉴别诊断意义

肿瘤的发生发展离不开肿瘤血管的形成与分化 ,血管内皮细胞生长因子 (ＶＥＧＦ)是目前已知的最强的直接作用于血管内皮细胞的生长因子 ,具有促进血管内皮细胞的分裂、增殖和血管通透性增强的作用。本文检测了结核性及恶性胸水中的ＶＥＧＦ浓度 ,研究其在两组不同性质胸水中的表达差异 ,现将结果报告如下。对象及方法一、对象 :(1)结核性胸水组 :36例 ,男 2 2例 ,女14例 ,平均年龄 4 2 3岁。 (2 )恶性胸水组 :4 5例 ,男2 9例 ,女 16例 ,平均年龄 5 6 5岁。其中腺癌 16例、鳞癌 18例、小细胞肺癌 10例、胸膜间皮瘤 1例。均根据Ｘ线检查、胸…     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤22例CT表现分析

目的：探讨恶性胸膜间皮瘤的CT表现特点。方法：对22例经病理证实的恶性胸膜间皮瘤进行回顾性分析。结果：22例恶性胸膜间皮瘤中,9例为局限型,13例为弥漫型。CT胸部检查诊断为恶性胸膜间皮瘤16例,诊断符合率为72．73％。结论：CT诊断恶性胸膜间皮瘤与病理符合率较高,能为临床诊断提供有价值的依据,但最后确诊有赖于病理证实。     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤概述

恶性间皮瘤是罕见的高度侵袭性肿瘤，起源于胸膜、腹膜和心包腔的被覆间皮细胞。恶性胸膜间皮瘤为最常见类型，约占所有恶性间皮瘤70％。恶性间皮瘤在全世界范围内发病率逐渐升高，因为致病因素石棉仍在广泛应用。这是医学界和公众都在关注的问题。     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤35例误诊原因分析与对策

目的探讨恶性胸膜间皮瘤患者的临床误诊原因。方法分析本院2000年1月至2009年8月35例恶性胸膜间皮瘤的误诊经过。结果恶性胸膜间皮瘤临床较少见,不能充分重视,首次就诊误诊率高。结论恶性胸膜间皮瘤临床表现多样化,易与其他疾病相混淆;只有提高对该疾病的认识,才能提高确诊率。     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤71例诊断分析

恶性胸膜间皮瘤是原发于胸膜间皮组织的一种罕见胸膜肿瘤,其恶性程度高,预后差。早期诊断是治疗恶性胸膜间皮瘤的关键,但此病的误诊率较高。现将我院2003年3月—2008年3月收治的71例恶性胸膜间皮瘤的诊断情况进行分析,报告如下。     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤误诊原因分析

目的:探讨恶性胸膜间皮瘤的误诊原因,减少误诊、误治。方法回顾性分析我院1998年1月至2004年6月间收治的30例恶性胸膜间皮瘤患者的临床资料,误诊情况。结果恶性胸膜间皮瘤早期症状体征无特异性,30例患者中误诊26例,误诊率86.66%。结论恶性胸膜间皮瘤预后较差,对有胸痛、血性或大量胸腔积液患者,需认真分析临床及影像学资料,及时行组织学检查,可以减少误诊。     

局限性胸膜间皮瘤的诊断与外科治疗

目的探讨局限性胸膜间皮瘤的诊断和手术治疗方法。方法对14例(经术后病理证实的)局限性胸膜间皮瘤患者分别进行胸膜切除术、胸膜全肺切除术,并对部分恶性胸膜间皮瘤患者进行术后化疗,所有患者均进行术后随访。结果14例患者中,9例术后病理证实为局限性良性纤维间皮瘤,其中2例分别于术后2年3个月和3年复发,第二次术后病理报告为恶性间皮瘤;5例术后病理报告恶性间皮瘤。手术加化疗6例生存10个月~5年,平均22.3个月,另1例患者术后生存11个月。结论早期诊断、彻底切除病变是治疗胸膜间皮瘤的有效手段,恶性胸膜间皮瘤患者术后进行化疗可明显改善患者的局部症状和远期预后。     

VEGF-C在皮肤恶性黑素瘤中的表达及其意义

目的研究血管内皮细胞生长因子-C(vascular endothelail growth factor-C,VEGF-C)在皮肤恶性黑素瘤(cutaneous malignant melanoma,CMM)中的表达。方法应用免疫组化S-P法检测血管内皮细胞生长因子-C在交界痣30例、皮肤恶性黑素瘤30例及15例正常皮肤组织中的表达。结果皮肤恶性黑素瘤中血管内皮细胞生长因子-C的阳性表达率明显高于交界痣和正常对照组(P<0.05),交界痣与正常对照组相比,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论血管内皮细胞生长因子-C的高表达可能与皮肤恶性黑素瘤的发生发展有关,有望作为临床治疗黑素瘤的突破点。     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤的影像学诊断

恶性胸膜间皮瘤（MPM）是起源于胸膜间皮细胞一种罕见肿瘤，该病无典型表现，恶性程度较高，预后较差。影像学检查在MPM的诊断、分期及病情评估中起重要作用。现就恶性胸膜间皮瘤的影像学表现，以及各种影像学检查方法对恶性胸膜间皮瘤诊断、分期、预后判断的价值作一综述。     

恶性胸膜间皮瘤(附4例报告)

脑膜间皮瘤是一种少见的脑膜原发肿瘤,来自胸膜间皮细胞或间皮下组织。根据肿瘤的性质和病理组织形态,间皮瘤分为良性和恶性两大类。恶性胸膜间皮瘤因缺少典型的症状体征,临床上多被误诊为其它胸部疾病而延误治疗。本文报告我院自1976年以来经手术和病理证实的4例恶性胸膜间皮瘤,并结合文献进行讨论。病例简介(见附表)     

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies in mesothelioma

Introduction: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive malignancy arising from the mesothelial cells lining the pleura and other serosal membranes. It is associated with an extremely poor prognosis and has limited therapeutic options.

Areas covered: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to be highly overexpressed in mesothelioma with reported EGFR overexpression between 44 to 97%. Given this, several anti-EGFR agents have been trialed in mesothelioma. In this review, we provide an overview of the current available data on anti-EGFR therapies in MM and future directions of investigation with these targeted agents in MM.

Expert opinion: While many anti-EGFR therapies have failed to show significant efficacy in the management of MM, the pathway is biologically active and its abrogation preclinically points toward it being a valid target. Toward targeting the pathway, many novel EGFR-based therapies are still being investigated. Current ongoing research of interest in MM include EGFR-targeted nanotechnology approach for drug delivery, antibodies targeting the extracellular EGFR and potentially anti-EGFR antibody drug conjugates.     

Nonclinical regulatory considerations for wound-healing growth factors

Initial evaluation of the safety of wound-healing growth factors, whether manufactured by biotechnology or not, is dictated by the extent of knowledge of the physiologic, pharmacologic, and toxicologic effects, in vitro and in vivo in animals, and in man at the proposed dose and duration of administration. Prior to Phase 1 clinical study, products are studied to establish evidence of pharmacologic activity, understand the mechanism of action, evaluate the potential human risk, and establish a clinical study dose range. It is difficult to establish a generic plan and generic protocols for the preclinical development of wound-healing growth factors because the toxicologic concerns and suggested studies are tailored to the uniqueness of each product. The quantity of useful information which can be gained from preclinical studies is considered for each product on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the availability of a relevant model. Preliminary information regarding (1) production of the active moiety, (2) ingredients in the final formulation as it is to be marketed, (3) characterization of the growth factor, (4) the proposed dose and route of administration, (5) the known actions and effects, (6) the similarity to the endogenous growth factors, and (7) the proposed target clinical study population is needed to determine the most appropriate preclinical pharmacological and toxicologic studies. Use of this information and additional data relating the pharmacokinetic and toxicologic profiles will be discussed with respect to generalizations in study concepts for pharmacology and toxicology studies and individualization of these preclinical studies which may occur, based upon the uniqueness of the compound.     

Controlled release of heparin-binding growth factors using heparin-containing particulate systems for tissue regeneration

The strategy of growth factor delivery to specific sites for therapeutic applications has been considered an essential process in biomedical fields despite some obstacles, such as a non-controlled release with initial burst. This article focuses on particulate systems using heparin for the controlled delivery of heparin-binding growth factors (HBGFs), an emerging area in the tissue engineering field. Since heparin has been widely utilized for growth factor delivery due to its electrostatic nature and specific affinity with HBGFs, heparin-containing polymeric particulates can be utilized as functional carriers to deliver growth factors in a controlled manner. In particular, examples of the HBGF delivery systems containing heparin, perspectives and potential applications are described and discussed.     

川芎嗪纳米喷雾剂对大鼠腹腔粘连相关因子和纤溶系统影响的实验研究

目的探讨川芎嗪纳米喷雾剂对大鼠腹腔粘连相关因子和纤溶系统的影响。方法将SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、透明质酸钠组、川芎嗪纳米喷雾剂高、中、低剂量组、聚乳酸空白纳米组、川芎嗪原料组、川芎提取物组共9组。以锉刀法进行造模,分别于术后1周、2周收集大鼠腹腔液,ELISA法测定腹腔液中相关因子TGF-β1、FN、CTGF的含量,以及纤溶系统PAI和t-PA的含量。结果川芎嗪纳米喷雾剂有改善粘连相关因子TGF-β1、FN、CTGF升高的作用;与粘连模型组比较,抑制了PAI活性的增强,相对增强了t-PA的活性作用,且川芎嗪纳米喷雾剂存在一定的量效关系。结论川芎嗪纳米喷雾剂抗腹腔粘连的作用机制可能与抑制了粘连所致的TGF-β1、FN、CTGF的升高以及调节了t-PA、PAI之间的平衡相关。     

血清中VEGF、TSGF在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:分析血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF),恶性肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)在乳腺癌患者中的表达及它们与乳腺癌临床特征关系.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)对50例乳腺癌和20例乳腺良性肿瘤患者血清中VEGF、TSGF的表达进行检测.结果:VEGF与病理类型、临床分期无关,但与腋窝淋巴结转移相关(P＜0.05),在乳腺癌患者中高表达率为84.0%(42/50),在乳腺良性肿瘤中高表达率为30.0%(6/20).TSGF与病理类型无关,但与临床分期相关,晚期乳腺癌患者明显高于早期患者,与淋巴结转移相关(P＜0.05),在乳腺癌中高表达率为80.0%(40/50),乳腺良性肿瘤中表达率为25.0%(5/20).两种因子联合检测其检出率更高,具有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:VEGF 、TSGF在诊断乳腺癌疾病及在乳腺良恶性鉴别中具有临床意义,恶性肿瘤中其两种因子明显高于良性肿瘤患者且特异性优于其他因子.     

原发性骨质疏松发病机制与胰岛素样生长因子关系的研究进展

在过去的几年时间里,关于胰岛素样生长因子系统在骨骼再建中的作用得到了充分的肯定.在这里我们应用充分的证据说明由骨细胞所产生的IGF-1和IGF-2在调节成骨细胞和破骨细胞中所起的作用,另外,我们也回顾了几个实验室所做的关于胰岛素样生长因子系统的实验结果.有证据表明,其他调节骨代谢的通过IGF系统发挥作用.骨骼局部的IGF-1和IGF-2在骨再建中的作用众所周知,但是关于循环系统中IGF 的作用仍然不是十分明了.有新的研究结果表明血清中的生长因子也起到了一定的作用,最后我们回顾了目前比较公认的重组IGFs对骨再建的作用,然而,关于IGFs对骨值疏松的最终的治疗效果仍有待于进一步研究.     

Patent focus on cancer chemotherapeutics V. Angiogenesis agents: September 2001 – August 2002

Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new capillaries from existing blood vessels and is believed to be a key process in tumour growth. Angiogenesis inhibition represents an active area of cancer drug discovery, with several agents and approaches now entering late stage clinical development. This review summarises the key aspects of recent patent applications relating to cancer chemotherapy and drug discovery that involve inhibition or modulation of angiogenesis. The review includes applications that have been published between September 2001 and August 2002. In particular, the review focuses on the approaches aimed at growth factor targets, such as angiopoietin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).     

Exploring the tumour environment: cancer-associated fibroblasts as targets in cancer therapy

Stroma cells contribute to the microenvironment that is essential for cancer growth, invasion and metastatic progression. Fibroblasts, often termed myofibroblasts or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), represent the most abundant cell type in the tumour stroma. The demonstrated tumour-promoting capacities of CAFs has increased the interest to exploit them as drug targets for anticancer therapy. Although single factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1, hepatocyte growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases have been identified as mediators in the fibroblast tumour interaction, the morphological and functional differences of CAFs compared with their normal counterparts are only incompletely understood. Recently, novel global methods for gene expression profiling were applied to comprehensively characterise CAFs from breast, pancreas, colon and basal cell cancer in their in situ environment. The analysis of different CAF preparations revealed regulated genes that were previously not described in the tumour–stroma context. Additionally, besides a few striking overlaps, the comparison of the gene lists indicates a high level of heterogeneity in the expression pattern of CAFs from different tumour types. Together, these studies emphasise the importance of cross-talk between stromal and malignant cells of the tumour. It is likely that the continued characterisation of this interaction, and the molecular identification of key mediators, will provide insights into tumour biology and suggest novel therapeutic options.     

Tivozanib

肿瘤的增长与扩散依赖于新血管的生成或血管的新生。血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)能促进内皮细胞的增殖,增强血管的渗透性,是控制新生血管生成的重要调控因子之一。Tivozanib是一种新型高选择抑制VEGFR的喹唑啉脲类化合物,体内外实验表明本品具有显著的抗血管生成和抑制抗肿瘤生长的活性,目前对肾细胞癌的治疗正在进行Ⅲ期临床实验。     

Chronic kidney disease growth factors in renal fibrosis

1. The common pathological alteration in virtually every progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) is renal fibrosis. 2. This review focuses on some growth factors, which are particularly well-established in contributing to fibrosis, such as the profibrotic, transforming growth factor-β, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), as well as the antifibrotic, bone morphogenic protein 7. The role of other growth factors is only starting to emerge (e.g. platelet-derived growth factor), and the role of yet others remains unclear (e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor). 3. Whether circulating or excreted, growth factors might serve as biomarkers of renal fibrosis and CKD remains largely unanswered. 4. Animal studies suggest that manipulation of growth factors might be an effective treatment option for patients with renal fibrosis and CKD. So far, only inhibition of CTGF is being tested in patients with diabetic nephropathy.