星点设计-响应面法优选肝癌介入栓塞用香叶木苷温敏凝胶基质处方的研究

目的:优选肝癌介入栓塞用香叶木苷温敏凝胶的基质处方.方法:以胶凝温度为指标,基于单因素分析,采用星点设计-响应面法优化并验证肝癌介入栓塞用香叶木苷温敏凝胶基质处方中泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188、羟丙甲基纤维素的最优配比.结果:肝癌介入栓塞用香叶木苷温敏凝胶最优处方为泊洛沙姆407:泊洛沙姆188:羟丙基甲基纤维素=2...     

盐酸布替萘芬阴道用温敏水凝胶的制备及体外释放度的考察

目的:制备盐酸布替萘芬阴道用温敏水凝胶并考察其体外释放度。方法:以泊洛沙姆为基质,筛选最佳处方以达到合适胶凝温度,并利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)建立含量测定方法考察体外释放度。结果:结果显示以1%盐酸布替萘芬、0.1%山梨酸钾、2%甘油、5%聚山梨酯80、12%泊洛沙姆407及5%泊洛沙姆188为配方制备的温敏水凝胶在35℃时产生胶凝,体外释放度考察结果显示8 h可释放超过90%的药物。结论:本研究制备的盐酸布替萘芬阴道用温敏水凝胶具有很好的温度敏感性及黏附性,具有缓释特性且给药方便,是一种值得开发的药物制剂。     

星点设计-效应面法优化氨来呫诺眼用温敏凝胶的处方

目的研制氨来呫诺眼用温敏凝胶。方法采用冷法工艺制备氨来呫诺眼用温敏凝胶,以泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188为温敏凝胶材料,以二者用量为考察因素,以人工模拟泪液稀释前后的胶凝温度为考察指标,采用星点设计-效应面法进行处方优化并验证。结果氨来呫诺眼用温敏凝胶优化处方P407和P188的质量浓度配比为190∶40,胶凝温度为28.37℃,经模拟泪液稀释后胶凝温度为32.63℃。结论星点设计-效应面法优化处方的方法可行,建立的数学模型预测性好,该眼用温敏凝胶满足眼部用药的设计要求,可进一步研究开发。     

雌二醇阴道用生物黏附性温敏型凝胶的处方筛选及流变学考察

目的:研制雌二醇阴道用生物黏附性温敏型凝胶(E₂-VTISG),并进行热力学和流变学考察。方法:采用冷法工艺制备E₂-VTISG。采用倒试管法测定胶凝温度(T_gel),以T_gel为考察指标,泊洛沙姆P407,泊洛沙姆P188为主要影响因素,用星点设计-效应面法进行处方筛选。采用黏度计测定表观粘度,采用动态流变学实验测定温敏凝胶在相变过程中的流变参数。结果:雌二醇阴道用生物黏附性温敏型凝胶的最优处方的基质配比为P407:P188:甘油:PCP:尼泊金乙酯=18:2.96:5:0.2:0.2,实测胶凝温度为33.4℃。结论:星点设计-效应面法筛选E₂-VTISG处方预测性良好,流变学结果显示优化后的雌二醇温敏凝胶符合阴道局部用药要求。     

白藜芦醇原位漂浮凝胶的制备及体外评价

目的:采用安全性高、生物相容性好的常用凝胶材料制备白藜芦醇原位漂浮凝胶,并对处方进行优化,获得具有温敏性质的可漂浮于膀胱内并长时间持续释放药物的凝胶剂,用于膀胱癌的膀胱灌注化疗。方法:以泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188、海藻酸钠、碳酸钙、碳酸氢铵为辅料,冷溶法制备凝胶;以胶凝温度、胶凝时间为指标,采用星点设计-响应面法对泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188、碳酸氢铵的用量进行优化;对优化处方进行温敏性能、漂浮性能和释药性能评价。结果:最优处方为白藜芦醇30%,泊洛沙姆407 17.2%,泊洛沙姆188 5.5%,海藻酸钠0.15%,碳酸钙0.06%,碳酸氢铵0.15%。该处方的胶凝温度为28℃～29℃,胶凝时间为50 s,药物以扩散方式从漂浮凝胶中缓慢释放,持续释放时间超过48 d。结论:白藜芦醇原位漂浮凝胶具有膀胱内长时间持续释放药物的性质,可以作为膀胱癌治疗中膀胱灌注化疗的替代给药形式,具有提高患者依从性的优点。     

星点设计-效应面法优化托吡卡胺温敏型原位凝胶处方

目的：优化托吡卡胺眼用温敏型原位凝胶的制备工艺。方法：采用星点设计法考察温敏材料泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188质量分数对指标相变温度的影响,并以相变温度（T。）和模拟泪液稀释后的相变温度（L）为指标对结果进行模型拟合;采用效应面法优化处方并进行验证,测定300rain内的体外累积降放度。结果：泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188质量分数分别为20％、5％,以T·和Tz为指标进行多元线性回归的相关系数分别为（1．9187、0．8899;效应面法优化处方的实测值与预测值偏差绝对值均〈5％,300min内的体外累积释放度为65％。结论：星点设计一效应面法所建立的模型实现了该眼用温敏型原位凝胶的处方优化．数学模型预测性良好。     

氯霉素温敏型眼用原位凝胶的研制

目的制备氯霉素泊洛沙姆眼用原位温敏型凝胶并建立其质量控制方法。方法以泊洛沙姆P407和P188为温敏材料,通过测定溶液-凝胶相转变温度优化处方;采用紫外分光光度法测定氯霉素含量。结果氯霉素温敏型原位凝胶的胶凝温度随P407浓度增大而降低,随P188浓度增加先升高后降低,模拟泪液的稀释可使胶凝温度升高,建立了泪液稀释后相变温度与泊洛沙姆浓度的拟合方程,经Design-Expert软件优化出的氯霉素温敏型原位凝胶最佳处方为25%P407和4.19%P188;优化处方在29.5℃时为自由流动的液体,泪液稀释后在34.6℃能够发生相变形成凝胶。结论该眼用温敏凝胶符合眼部应用要求,体现出良好的应用前景。     

辛苯聚醇温敏凝胶的制备及其体外释放研究

目的：制备辛苯聚醇阴道用温敏凝胶[（O-9）-VTG],并对其释放机制进行探讨。方法：采用冷溶法以泊洛沙姆407（P407）和泊洛沙姆188（P188）为温敏凝胶材料制备凝胶,倒置法测定其胶凝温度（T_GEL）,再应用星点设计-效应面法优化处方,并采用无膜溶出模型考察其体外溶蚀及释药情况。结果：优化的处方基质配比为P407：P188：甘油：壳聚糖=16.3：5.7：5：0.6,胶凝温度为33℃,胶凝时间约1.6 min;辛苯聚醇体外释放符合零级动力学方程。结论：效应面法筛选辛苯聚醇温敏凝胶处方合理,（O-9）-VTG作为新型阴道用避孕制剂前景良好。     

羧甲基壳聚糖阴道温敏性原位凝胶的研制及体外质量考察

摘要：目的:优化羧甲基壳聚糖（CCS）阴道温敏性原位凝胶的处方,并对其体外性质进行考察。方法:拟定CCS质量分数为1.0%,以pH 4.2乳酸-乳酸钠为缓冲体系,在单因素试验的基础上,以胶凝温度(Tgel)为评价指标,以正交试验优化泊洛沙姆407（P407）、泊洛沙姆188（P188）、甘油及聚卡波菲（PCP）的用量。对最佳处方制备的CCS温敏性原位凝胶的pH、胶凝时间、黏度及体外释药特性进行考察。结果:优化的最佳处方为18%P407,5%P188,5%甘油及0.4%PCP。最佳处方制备的CCS温敏性原位凝胶平均Tgel为29.5℃,pH为4.12,胶凝时间为22.6 s,在8个温度单位内完成黏度的增加,体外释药符合一级动力学过程,且主要由基质溶蚀控制。结论:CCS温敏性原位凝胶体外性质符合阴道给药制剂的要求,并可迅速发生相转变,可望在阴道局部发挥缓释长效作用。     

均匀设计法优选温度刺激响应型雌三醇缓释凝胶的处方

目的：以泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188为主要辅料优选雌三醇缓释凝胶的最佳处方。方法利用均匀设计法对泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188浓度以相变温度（34±0.5）℃指标进行优选。结果选择泊洛沙姆407为20%、泊洛沙姆188为18%为最佳处方所制制剂为透明流动液体,在体温条件下2 min内快速转变为固态凝胶。结论均匀设计法适合用于筛选P407与P188的浓度。     

奥洛他定温度敏感眼用原位凝胶的制备

目的:研制奥洛他定温度敏感眼用原位凝胶。方法:采用泊洛沙姆P407和P188为温敏材料,以胶凝温度为指标,通过星点设计-效应面法优化处方。结果:经过优化筛选出的处方在室温条件下是自由流动的液体,在生理条件下发生胶凝形成凝胶。结论:所研制奥洛他定眼用温度敏感原位凝胶符合眼部应用要求,体现出良好的临床应用前景。     

马来酸噻吗洛尔眼用温敏凝胶的处方筛选与体外释放评价

目的:筛选马来酸噻吗洛尔眼用温敏型凝胶优化处方,并对其体外释放进行评价。方法:选用泊洛沙姆P407、P188为载体材料制备眼用温敏凝胶,测定不同处方的凝胶前体溶液分别在未经处理和经人工泪液稀释条件下,从溶液态转变为凝胶态的胶凝温度,通过星点设计-效应面法筛选优化处方,并考察胶凝时间和释放行为。结果:根据温敏凝胶保存和使用的温度要求,筛选出优化处方为P407:P188(24.25%:1.56%)。前体溶液能够在34℃人工泪液中迅速形成凝胶,并在体外缓慢释放6 h以上。结论:经过筛选并制备出的噻吗洛尔温敏型凝胶具有良好的载药能力、稳定性及释放性能,满足眼用制剂质量要求和实际应用要求。     

星点设计-效应面法优化贝美前列素眼用温度敏感原位凝胶的处方工艺

目的 使用星点设计-效应面法探讨贝美前列素眼用温度敏感原位凝胶的处方组成，并考察其体外释放度。方法 以泊洛沙姆407和188为凝胶基质，用星点设计-效应面法筛选出最佳处方得到合适的胶凝温度，高效液相色谱法测定贝美前列素眼用凝胶的含量，并以无膜溶出模型考察其体外释放度。结果 处方以1%吐温80，0.03%贝美前列素（w/v）、21%泊洛沙姆407（w/v）和2%泊洛沙姆188（w/v）组成能达到最适胶凝温度。体外释放度的考察结果显示药物的释放与时间呈线性关系。结论 本实验制备的贝美前列素眼用温度敏感原位凝胶具有理想的胶凝温度，能够使药物更加持久地附在给药部位，具有给药方便等优点，是一种值得开发并推广使用的眼用制剂。     

复方甲硫酸新斯的明眼用原位凝胶的处方工艺研究

目的 筛选用于治疗近视的复方甲硫酸新斯的明眼用原位凝胶处方。方法 温度敏感型凝胶以泊洛沙姆P407和泊洛沙姆P188为基质;离子敏感型凝胶以去乙酰结冷胶为基质;pH敏感型凝胶以卡波姆P934、卡波姆P940和羟丙基甲基纤维素为基质,以胶凝的黏度与成分的相溶性为考察指标,筛选最佳基质处方。采用美国药典溶出度测定法第三法的改良法,作缓释制剂的释放度考察。结果 以温度敏感型的泊洛沙姆P407 24%和P188 10%合用的基质制备复方甲硫酸新斯的明眼用原位凝胶最为适合。结论 本法制备眼用原位凝胶的工艺可行,并具有较好的缓释效果。     

Thermally reversible in situ gelling carbamazepine liquid suppository

Carbamazepine (CBZ), indicated for the control of epilepsy, undergoes extensive hepatic first-pass elimination after oral administration. A rectal dosage form of CBZ is not commercially available, although it is of particular interest when oral administration is impossible. Conventional suppositories can cause patient discomfort and may reach the end of the colon; consequently, the drug can undergo the first-pass effect. Mucoadhesive liquid suppositories of CBZ were prepared by adding carbopol to formulation of thermally gelling suppositories that contain 20% poloxamer 407 and either 15% poloxamer 188 or 1% methylcellulose. Gellan gum was also tried instead of 20% poloxamer. All formulations contained 10% CBZ. The characteristics of the suppositories differed depending on the formulation. The formula containing 20% poloxamer 407, 1% methylcellulose, and 0.5% carbopol showed reasonable gelation temperature, gel strength and bioadhesive force. The analysis of release mechanism showed that CBZ released from the suppositories by Fickian diffusion. In vivo evaluation of the same formulation showed higher peak plasma concentration of CBZ compared with the orally administered suspension containing the equivalent amount of drug. However, there was no statistical significant difference (p > 0.05) in extent of bioavailability between the liquid suppository and oral suspension as indicated by the values of AUC(0 - infinity), 17.9 and 18.8 micro g x h/ml, respectively. These results suggested that mucoadhesive in situ gelling liquid suppository could be an effective and convenient delivery system of carbamazepine.     

Thermally Reversible In Situ Gelling Carbamazepine Liquid Suppository

Carbamazepine (CBZ), indicated for the control of epilepsy, undergoes extensive hepatic first-pass elimination after oral administration. A rectal dosage form of CBZ is not commercially available, although it is of particular interest when oral administration is impossible. Conventional suppositories can cause patient discomfort and may reach the end of the colon; consequently, the drug can undergo the first-pass effect. Mucoadhesive liquid suppositories of CBZ were prepared by adding carbopol to formulation of thermally gelling suppositories that contain 20% poloxamer 407 and either 15% poloxamer 188 or 1% methylcellulose. Gellan gum was also tried instead of 20% poloxamer. All formulations contained 10% CBZ. The characteristics of the suppositories differed depending on the formulation. The formula containing 20% poloxamer 407, 1% methylcellulose, and 0.5% carbopol showed reasonable gelation temperature, gel strength and bioadhesive force. The analysis of release mechanism showed that CBZ released from the suppositories by Fickian diffusion. In vivo evaluation of the same formulation showed higher peak plasma concentration of CBZ compared with the orally administered suspension containing the equivalent amount of drug. However, there was no statistical significant difference (p > 0.05) in extent of bioavailability between the liquid suppository and oral suspension as indicated by the values of AUC_{0 - ∝}, 17.9 and 18.8 μ g.h/ml, respectively. These results suggested that mucoadhesive in situ gelling liquid suppository could be an effective and convenient delivery system of carbamazepine.     

Solubility enhancement of desloratadine by solid dispersion in poloxamers

The present study investigates the possibility of using poloxamers as solubility and dissolution rate enhancing agents of the poorly water soluble drug substance desloratadine that can be used for the preparation of immediate release tablet formulation. Two commercially available poloxamer grades (poloxamer P 188 and poloxamer P 407) were selected, and solid dispersions (SDs) containing different weight ratio of poloxamers and desloratadine were prepared by a low temperature melting method. All SDs were subjected to basic physicochemical characterization by thermal and vibrational spectroscopy methods in order to evaluate the efficiency of poloxamers as solubility enhancers. Immediate release tablets were prepared by direct compression of powdered solid dispersions according to a General Factorial Design, in order to evaluate the statistical significance of two formulation (X(1) - type of poloxamer in SD and X(2) - poloxamer ratio in SD) and one process variable (X(3) - compression force) on the drug dissolution rate. It was found that desloratadine in SDs existed in the amorphous state, and that can be largely responsible for the enhanced intrinsic solubility, which was more pronounced in SDs containing poloxamer 188. Statistical analysis of the factorial design revealed that both investigated formulation variables exert a significant effect on the drug dissolution rate. Increased poloxamer ratio in SDs resulted in increased drug dissolution rate, with poloxamer 188 contributing to a faster dissolution rate than poloxamer 407, in accordance with the results of intrinsic dissolution tests. Moreover, there is a significant interaction between poloxamer ratio in SD and compression force. Higher poloxamer ratio in SDs and higher compression force results in a significant decrease of the drug dissolution rate, which can be attributed to the lower porosity of the tablets and more pronounced bonding between poloxamer particles.