小活络丸中小麦粉掺伪实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立

目的:通过实时荧光PCR-高分辨熔解曲线(HRM)联合分析技术,建立小活络丸(大蜜丸)中小麦粉掺伪快速、准确鉴别方法。方法:通过优化前处理方法,提取小活络丸样品的基因组;通过文献检索和生物信息学分析,得到小麦粉特异性引物;使用实时荧光PCR-HRM技术,对10批次小麦(粉)、16种其他禾本科植物及7种常见高淀粉食物样品进行特异性扩增,采用克隆测序对结果进行再确认;考察实时荧光PCR-HRM方法的检出限、精密度和重复性,同时对市售的小活络丸样品进行检测。结果:试验筛选获得了适用于本研究的特异性引物,建立了实时荧光PCR-HRM小活络丸掺伪小麦的检测方法;小活络丸样品掺伪小麦粉的检出限为0.01 g·g^-1,试验精密度C_t值为26.63(RSD=2.15%),T_m值为89.53℃(RSD=0.05%);重复性Ct值为26.65(RSD=3.20%),T_m值为89.53℃(RSD=0.12%)。试验对市售的4个厂家9批次共计81份样品进行分析,确定了3批次来源于A厂家的小活络丸样品存在小麦粉掺伪的问题,将PCR扩增产物克隆测序,其结果为小麦(Triticum Aestivum L.)。结论:本研究建立了实时荧光PCR-HRM检测方法,可以快速判定小活络丸中小麦粉掺伪样品。     

全天麻胶囊中天麻的DNA鉴定

目的:通过DNA技术,检测全天麻胶囊中天麻药材是否掺伪。方法:提取全天麻胶囊和天麻对照药材的DNA,采用PCR技术对目的基因进行扩增,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳和琼脂糖凝胶成像系统检测和照相。结果:成功在某品牌的全天麻胶囊中检测出其采用天麻伪品马铃薯进行掺伪。结论:该方法特异性强、操作简单、准确性高,适用于全天麻胶囊的掺伪检测。     

阳春砂的荧光定量PCR检测与鉴定

摘 要 目的： 分析研究阳春砂基因序列特征,建立基于DNA分子的快速甄别阳春砂的荧光定量PCR技术。方法: 收集阳春砂及同科其他样品,经专家鉴别后,提取DNA。根据阳春砂ITS序列两端相对保守区设计引物和探针,优化反应条件,建立阳春砂的荧光定量PCR检测方案。 结果:基于阳春砂ITS序列两端相对保守区设计了引物和探针,通过条件优化,建立的荧光定量PCR检测方法能成功对阳春砂样品进行检出,而同科其他非阳春砂样品无扩增曲线。结论: 阳春砂药材能够通过除传统专家鉴定方法以外的荧光定量PCR方法快速检出。     

Taqman荧光定量PCR法在药品沙门菌快速检测中的应用

目的：建立药品中沙门菌的荧光定量PCR快速检测方法。方法：根据沙门菌的特异基因序列合成引物和探针,提取沙门菌DNA进行检测。结果：该方法特异性好,灵敏度达到160cfu·ml-1,人工污染的药品检出率为100％．结论：荧光定量PCR法可用于药品沙门菌的快速检测。     

TaqMan探针检测结直肠癌血浆中微量甲基化EphA7基因

目的从结直肠癌症患者血浆中分离微量来源于肿瘤细胞的游离DNA,检测甲基化EphA7作为肿瘤标志。方法提取血浆中微量游离DNA,并以亚硫酸氢钠修饰DNA。根据修饰后的DNA序列,设计EphA7甲基化特异性引物和探针,利用Real Time PCR仪扩增甲基化EphA7基因。结果从大肠癌患者血浆中检出微量甲基化EphA7基因。结论应用荧光标记TaqMan探针Real Time PCR可以检测出结直肠癌患者血浆中微量游离DNA中甲基化EphA7基因,血浆甲基化EphA7可能作为一种新的肿瘤标志物。     

实时荧光定量PCR检测乙型肝炎血清DNA的临床观察

目的:探讨乙型肝炎患者血清乙型肝炎病毒DNA定量与乙型肝炎标志物关系.方法:采用荧光探针杂交技术为基础的实时荧光定量PCR检测259例乙型肝炎患者血清中DNA含量,与HBV标志物作对比分析.结果:血清HBeAg阳性组HBV-DNA阳性率为98.6%,HBeAb组阳性率为61.5%;HBeAg组阳性率含量明显高于HBeAb阳性组.结论:实时荧光定量PCR检测具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,定量准确、结果可靠,为临床了解病毒复制情况,制定治疗方案及疗效观察提供了确切依据.     

实时荧光定量PCR方法应用于药品无菌快速检测的研究

目的 建立应用实时荧光定量PCR进行无菌快速检测的方法。方法 选取金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠埃希菌,用裂解试剂盒抽提细菌基因组DNA,进行实时荧光定量PCR检测,并应用叠氮溴化丙锭（PMA）抑制样品中死菌基因组DNA的PCR扩增。结果 PMA能有效去除样品中死菌干扰,针对16S rRNA基因保守序列进行扩增的荧光定量PCR方法具有较高的灵敏度。在金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌检测中,最低含菌量组与阴性对照组Ct值有明显差异（P〈0.05）,其最低检出限为2 CFU/PCR。在对人工污染药品的无菌检测中,该方法与药典检测方法结果一致。结论 进行无菌检查时,采用PMA去除样品中死菌基因组DNA干扰,以裂解试剂盒抽提细菌基因组后用荧光定量PCR分析样品中细菌污染,可将检测时间缩短到4 h左右,操作简单,灵敏性高,可应用于药品无菌检查的快速筛查。     

改良多重实时荧光定量PCR检测流感A型和B型病毒

目的：建立改良多重实时荧光定量PCR体系快速检测流感A型和B型病毒。方法根据生物信息学分析结果选定流感A型和B型病毒的靶序列,建立MRT－PCR检测体系。构建质粒标准品,评估所建立体系的灵敏度、特异性和重复性。结果成功建立了基于同源加尾系统和Taqman－分子灯标探针的改良多重实时荧光定量PCR检测体系;该方法最低检测限为102 copies／μl,特异性良好,重复性良好,变异系数（CV）为0．99％～2．50％。结论建立了快速、敏感、特异、稳定地改良多重实时荧光定量PCR（ MRT－PCR）检测体系,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

荧光定量PCR检测TRECs的标准品质粒和标准曲线的构建

目的 构建荧光定量PCR检测T细胞受体重排切除环(TRECs)的标准品质粒和标准曲线.方法 对TCRδ基因进行序列分析,设计一对引物和探针.提取正常人外周血单个核细胞中的DNA,经普通PCR扩增,产物纯化后与pUCM-T载体连接并转化入大肠杆菌DH5α,筛选得到重组成功的质粒.结果 重组质粒测序后显示目的片段序列正确,表明TRECs基因片段成功克隆.以103～107 copies/ml不同稀释水平的标准品进行荧光定量PCR扩增后,统计学分析显示标准品浓度的对数与Ct值之间存在良好的线性关系(r=-0.998,P＜0.01).结论 所构建的TRECs标准品特异性和线性关系较好.     

利用分子方法鉴别白花蛇舌草及其伪品伞房花耳草

目的:建立一种鉴别白花蛇舌草及其常见伪品伞房花耳草的分子方法，确保临床用药安全。方法:根据白花蛇舌草和伞房花耳草内转录间隔区2(ITS2)序列的差异设计特异探针，采用多重连接探针扩增(MLPA)技术和实时荧光定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR, qPCR)技术，建立了一种能够鉴别白花蛇舌草、伞房花耳草的多重连接探针扩增-实时荧光定量PCR(MLPA-qPCR)方法。结果:对扩增产物进行熔解曲线分析，结果显示，所设计的MLPA探针具有良好的特异性，探针之间不存在交叉反应，白花蛇舌草探针的特异性熔解曲线T_m值为(81.8±0.2)℃,伞房花耳草探针的熔解曲线T_m值为(84.0±0.2)℃;灵敏度分析结果表明，该方法检出白花蛇舌草和伞房花耳草的最低模板量均为0.1 ng;掺伪检测试验结果表明，当白花蛇舌草探针与伞房花耳草探针比例为1.0∶0.6时，白花蛇舌草中掺杂1%的伞房花耳草仍可被有效检出。对收集的39份样品进行检测，成功鉴别白花蛇舌草25份、伞房花耳草12份、白花蛇舌草与伞房花耳草混合样品2份。结论:本研究所建立...     

HPLC柱后光化学衍生荧光检测法检测3种含土鳖虫中成药的黄曲霉毒素

目的：考察免疫亲和净化HPLC柱后光化学衍生荧光检测法在中成药中黄曲霉毒素测定的可行性,并对其污染情况进行筛查,为中成药黄曲霉毒素污染监管提供依据。方法：采用免疫亲和净化 HPLC柱后光化学衍生荧光检测法对含有土鳖虫的中成药中黄曲霉毒素的含量进行测定。样品经有机溶剂提取、免疫亲和柱净化后,利用高效液相色谱-光化学衍生-荧光检测器进行分析测定。对3种含土鳖虫的中成药,考察加样回收率,测定黄曲霉毒素残留量,并对测定结果进行分析。采用高效液相色谱- 串联质谱法对部分超出限度批次进行结果确认。结果：3种中成药中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的回收率均在80%~113%。3种24批中成药中,21批检出黄曲霉毒素,检出率为87.5%,部分批次黄曲霉毒素含量明显偏高。结论：免疫亲和净化HPLC柱后光衍生荧光检测法结果准确,重现性好,可用于中成药中黄曲霉毒素的测定。含土鳖虫药材的中成药,个别品种黄曲霉毒素污染情况较为严重,存在安全隐患,应引起生产企业的重视,保障用药安全。     

几种中药材中添加人工合成色素的研究

目的对山东省内市售红花、五味子、蒲黄、朱砂、血竭五种药材及饮片中非法添加人工合成色素情况进行监督抽验。方法采用国家食品药品监督管理局药品检验补充检验方法和检验项目批准件中的TLC法进行初筛,HPLC-DAD法进一步定性,最后用HPLC-MS法确证。结果红花除部分批次检出标准规定检测的色素金橙Ⅱ外,还有4批检出日落黄;五味子未检出标准中规定检测的色素,但有2批检出日落黄;蒲黄与朱砂部分批次检出标准中规定检测的色素金胺O、808猩红,未检出其他色素;血竭未检出任何色素。结论目前中药材的色素添加情况较为严重,并出现了添加标准规定以外色素的新情况。     

TLC-SERS联用法检测降糖中成药中添加的格列类药品

目的：研究降糖中成药中非法添加格列类药品的表面增强拉曼光谱（ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy , SERS）检测方法。方法利用薄层色谱法将待检成分与中药基质进行简单分离,采用表面增强拉曼光谱技术对薄层板上的微量物质进行检测。通过摸索模拟阳性样品中格列类药品的SERS检测条件,建立可用于降糖中成药中非法添加物的检测方法。结果采用有机溶剂DMF制备所得的银溶胶可以获得较好的格列类药物SERS图谱。结论该研究所建立的TLC与SERS联用方法检测简便、快速、经济,可用于降糖中成药中非法添加格列类药品的快速检测。     

Analysis of morphine and codeine in samples adulterated with Stealth.

Stealth is an adulterant used to avoid detection of drug abuse. The product does have an effect on the ability to detect several drugs of abuse, including the opiates morphine and codeine. It has previously been shown that low concentration (2500 ng/mL morphine) samples adulterated with Stealth tested negative by both Roche OnLine and Microgenics CEDIA immunoassays, but those spiked with higher concentrations (6000 ng/mL of codeine and morphine glucuronide) were positive. Initial results showed confirmation analysis was also sometimes negatively impacted by this adulterant. Urine samples were spiked with 6000 ng/mL of codeine and/or morphine glucuronide to assess the effect of Stealth. Each individual sample was split into separate aliquots. One aliquot of each was adulterated with Stealth following package directions. The samples were then tested by immunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The control and adulterated aliquots were positive by both immunoassays. Results of GC-MS analysis of the Stealth-adulterated aliquots following standard procedures using deuterated internal standards proved unsuccessful in several cases. In 4 of 12 cases (33%), neither the drugs nor internal standards were recovered despite repeated attempts. In one other sample, recovery was dramatically reduced, making accurate quantitation impossible, whereas the unadulterated aliquots of the same samples posed no problem with recovery. Addition of sodium disulfite to the aliquots prior to extraction allowed recovery of the drugs and internal standards from all samples. Analysis of the samples showed the concentration of morphine and codeine decreased in some by as much as 17 and 30%, respectively. In other cases, there was essentially no difference in the concentration seen before and after adulteration, with or without disulfite treatment. Unless the initial concentration of opiate is near the cutoff, samples containing opiates are likely to be immunoassay positive, it is important to consider this procedure as an option for samples that screen positive but the opiates and their respective internal standards are not recovered for GC-MS analysis.     

抗疲劳类保健食品中添加化学成分的快速检测系统研究

目的:建立抗疲劳类保健食品中非法添加化学成分的快速检测系统。方法:在监督现场采用理化反应对大量样品进行快速筛查;在基层药品检测机构采用高效液相色谱法对样品确证;在省级药品检测机构采用液相色谱质谱联用法对阳性样品或影响较大的样品进行仲裁。结果:共检测304批样品,发现16批样品非法添加西地那非、他达拉非和氨基他达拉非。以液质联用法测定结果作为依据,2个理化反应快速筛查方法正确率分别为99%和100%,高效液相色谱法的正确率为100%。结论:本文从我国监管的实际情况出发,提出的逐级筛查、分层检测快速筛查系统,可有效打击抗疲劳类保健食品中非法添加化学成分的行为。     

乳香杂质检查方法的建立及其杂质限度研究

目的建立乳香杂质检查方法并制定合理的杂质限度。方法对样品取样方式、取样量、提取溶剂、提取方法等进行考察及方法学验证,并对随机收集的15批埃塞俄比亚乳香样品进行杂质测定,最后结合国内外现有乳香标准,提出合理的国内药用乳香杂质限度。结果建立了适合乳香的杂质检查方法,收集的15批乳香样品杂质范围为0.5%~9.3%,建议国内药用乳香的杂质限度为乳香珠不得>2%,原乳香不得>5%。结论本研究建立的乳香杂质检查方法简便、准确、耐用性好,可用于乳香杂质检查。     

Developing a qPCR method to quantify AhR–PCP–DNA complex for detection of environmental trace-level PCP

Pentachlorophenol (PCP), a widely-used aseptic or biocide, is known as an environmental toxicant involved in endocrine disruption even at a trace level. In order to reliably and efficiently quantify environmental trace-quantity PCP, this study developed a novel PCP detection method using the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). DNA probe with AhR binding sites was synthesized by PCR before added into AhR–PCP complex. After AhR–PCP–DNA complex was digested with exonuclease, copy number of DNA probe was determined using fluorescence qPCR. To calculate PCP concentration in samples, a standard curve (PCP concentration versus Ct value) was constructed and the detection range was 10⁻¹³ to 10⁻⁹ M. PCP detection limit was 0.0089 ppt for the AhR–PCP–DNA complex assay and 8.8780 ppm for high performance liquid chromatography, demonstrating that the method developed in this study is more sensitive. These results suggest that AhR–PCP–DNA complex method may be successfully applicable in detection and quantification of environmental trace-level PCP.     

50种中药煎煮类饮片微生物检查方法研究及污染情况分析

目的考察50种中药煎煮类饮片的微生物污染情况,分析不同炮制方法、不同类别饮片对微生物生长的影响。方法参考2020年版《中国药典》微生物通则修订草案相关检查方法,建立50种共150批次中药煎煮类饮片的微生物检查方法,并进行微生物限度检查。结果5个品种具有抑菌性,需采用消除抑菌的方法,其余45个品种采用常规平皿倾注法测定;150批次样品需氧菌总数计数结果介于10~10~7 cfu/g,霉菌和酵母菌总数计数结果介于10~10~5 cfu/g,耐热菌数计数结果介于10~10~4 cfu/g;耐热菌和耐胆盐革兰阴性菌检出率均为50.67%,均未检出大肠埃希菌和沙门菌。结论中药饮片易受微生物污染,需开展更深入的风险评估,完善《中国药典》关于中药饮片微生物的检查方法和限度标准,保障用药安全。     

结合DAD光谱及单级质谱快速鉴定壮阳类中药制剂中的非法添加物

目的建立快速鉴定补肾壮阳类中药制剂中非法添加物的方法。方法通过HPLC-DAD和LC-MS(单级质谱)分析,利用保留时间、DAD光谱和准分子离子峰及其同位素丰度比4个方面的信息,检测10批市售中药制剂中的非法添加物。结果采用所建立的方法检测出3批中药制剂中含有枸橼酸西地那非和(或)他达拉非。结论本文建立的方法结果准确可靠,可用于基层单位的快速筛查,同时可为建立中药制剂中非法添加化学药物的技术标准提供依据。     

Zinc reduces the detection of cocaine, methamphetamine, and THC by ELISA urine testing

Federal workplace drug testing was initiated during the late 1980s. Since then, numerous methods have been employed to subvert these drug tests, adulteration of urine samples being the most common. A wide variety of adulterants has been reported to date along with suitable methods of their detection. Recently, websites have claimed that zinc sulfate can be an effective adulterant to bypass drug testing. Herein, these claims are investigated using standard drug detection kits and urine samples adulterated with zinc. Drug-free urine samples were fortified with different amounts methamphetamines and benzoylecgonine, to which zinc sulfate was added to study its effect. Urine samples from acute marijuana smokers were also obtained in order to study the effects of zinc supplements on THC drug testing. All urine drug testing was performed using ELISA detection kits manufactured by Immunalysis. Both zinc sulfate and zinc supplements are effective in interfering with the detection of all three drugs by Immunalysis drug detection kits. Also, no suitable method could be established to detect zinc in urine samples. Zinc can be an effective adulterant in urine for some illicit drugs that are commonly screened under routine drug testing.