HPLC测定栀子炮制品中栀子苷的含量

目的建立测定栀子炮制品(炒、焦、炭、姜炙品)中栀子苷含量的方法,考察栀子炮制前、后栀子苷的含量变化。方法采用HPLC法,HypersilBDSC18柱,流动相为乙腈-水(12∶88),检测波长236nm。结果栀子苷在0.075~0.819μg范围内,线性关系良好(r=0.9999),炒栀子(焦、炭、姜炙品)的平均回收率为97.9%(97.6%、99.2%、99.3%),RSD=2.41%(2.35%、1.56%、2.73%)(n=6)。结论所用方法简便、准确、重复性好,可作为栀子炮制品的质量控制方法;炮制可导致栀子中栀子苷的含量下降。     

不同采收时期及干燥方法对栀子中栀子苷含量的影响

目的:评价不同采收期以及不同干燥方法对栀子苷的影响.方法:应用高效液相色谱法测定,色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax XDB-C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相为乙腈-水(15:85),流速1.0 ml·min-1;柱温:30℃;检测波长238 nm.结果:栀子苷的线性范围为0.31～155.76 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9),加样回收率为100.9%(RSD=1.2%);定量分析了6个采收时间、12种干燥方法的栀子中栀子苷含量.结论:不同采收时期、不同干燥方法对栀子中栀子苷的含量有一定的影响.     

高效液相色谱法测定江津栀子中栀子苷含量

目的建立测定江津栀子中栀子苷含量的高效液相色谱法。方法色谱柱为UltimateTM C18键合硅胶柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(10∶90),流速1.0 mL/min,温度25℃,检测波长238 nm。结果栀子苷进样量在3.2～11.2μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=-439 843.76+1 012 294.70 X,r=0.999 2(n=5);平均加样回收率为99.34%,RSD=1.49%(n=6)。结论高效液相色谱法测定江津栀子中栀子苷的含量,操作简便、结果稳定,精密度、重现性、回收率均较好。     

复方茵栀颗粒中栀子的鉴别及含量测定

目的:建立复方茵栀颗粒中栀子的鉴别和栀子苷的含量测定方法。方法:采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对栀子进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法测定栀子苷的含量。结果:在TLC中能鉴别出栀子;栀子苷的线性范围为5.005～60.06μg·mL-(1r=0.9999),平均回收率为102.78%(RSD=1.95%,n=6)。结论:所建立的方法简便、重现性好,可用于复方茵栀颗粒中栀子的鉴别和栀子苷的含量测定。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定栀子金花丸中栀子苷的含量

目的采用反相高效液相色谱法测定栀子金花丸中栀子苷的含量。方法色谱柱为spherisorb C18(4.6 mm×250mm 5μm);流动相为甲醇-水(30:70),流速为1ml.min-1,检测波长为238nm。结果栀子苷在0.0472~0.236μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9999,平均回收率为101.9%,RSD为1.2%(n=5)。结论该方法简便、快速,重现性好。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定不同产地栀子中栀子苷、西红花苷-Ⅰ和西红花苷-Ⅱ的含量

目的:建立同时测定栀子中栀子苷、西红花苷-Ⅰ和西红花苷-Ⅱ含量的方法,并对14批不同产地栀子药材中3种成分的含量进行测定。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Thermo ODSC1(8250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长分别为栀子苷238nm、西红花苷-Ⅰ和西红花苷-Ⅱ440nm。结果:栀子苷、西红花苷-Ⅰ、西红花苷-Ⅱ的进样量分别在0.448～5.600、0.142～1.775、0.026～0.325μg范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系,r分别为0.9992、0.9998、0.9999;三者平均回收率分别为99.69%(RSD=2.44%,n=6)、98.26%(RSD=2.62%,n=6)、102.94%(RSD=3.13%,n=6)。结论:本方法简便、准确、重复性好,可同时测定栀子中栀子苷、西红花苷-Ⅰ和西红花苷-Ⅱ的含量。     

高效液相色谱法测定栀子黄柏口服液中栀子苷的含量

目的建立HPLC法测定栀子黄柏口服液中栀子苷的含量。方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-水(25∶75);流速:1.0 mL/min;检测波长:238nm;柱温:30℃。结果栀子苷浓度在2.550¹27.5μg/mL范围内与其峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为99.93%,RSD为2.43%(n=6)。结论本方法简便、快速、准确,可用于栀子黄柏口服液中栀子苷的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定栀子提取物中栀子苷的含量

目的 评价HPLC法测定栀子提取物中栀子苷含量的效果.方法 色谱柱迪马C18柱(250mm×4.6mm×5μm),柱温为40℃;流动相为甲醇-0.05%磷酸(25∶75);流速为1.0mL·min-1;检测波长238nm;进样量为10μL.结果 栀子苷在24.6~98.4mg·mL-1(r=0.9997)范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.1%(RSD=0.69%).结论 HPLC结果准确可靠,重复性好,适合栀子提取物的质量控制.     

RP-HPLC法测定栀子金花丸中栀子苷的含量

目的:建立栀子金花丸中栀子苷的含量测定方法。方法:反相HPLC测定法。采用Shim-packVP-ODS色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-水(15∶85);流速为1ml/min;检测波长为238nm。结果:此方法线性关系良好(r=0.9997),平均回收率为95.43%,RSD为1.08%(n=6)。结论:方法简单,准确,可用于栀子金花丸的质量控制。     

栀子颗粒剂中栀子苷的含量测定

目的 建立栀子颗粒剂含量测定的方法。方法 使用高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)对栀子颗粒剂中主要有效成分栀子苷进行含量测定。结果 该法简便、可靠、重现性好，栀子苷含量为0．21％～0．28％。结论 HPLC法可作为栀子颗粒剂含量测定的方法之一。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.