新华鲁抗零售连锁公司跻身全国50强

日前 ,山东新华鲁抗药业零售连锁有限公司被全国医药连锁企业协会评为 2 0 0 2年度中国医药零售连锁 50强企业 ,排名第 2 9位。山东新华鲁抗药业零售连锁有限公司自 2 0 0 1年成立以来 ,在短短两年时间里迅速发展壮大起来 ,门店数量由成立之初的 14 2家发展到 2 0 3家 ,销售额由2 0 0 1年的 80 0 0万元攀升到 1.8亿元 ,连锁经营由山东省辐射到辽宁、浙江、湖北、江苏等地 ,在全国 80 0多家连锁企业中脱颖而出 ,成为我国医药零售企业中一颗耀眼的新星。新华鲁抗零售连锁公司跻身全国50强@马敬勇…     

探析我国医药零售连锁经营模式新趋势

医药零售企业经过近15年的连锁经营已经取得了惊人的成果,现在整个行业处于快速发展期。经过近5年的快速扩张国内形成了一批具有实力的医药零售连锁企业。随之而来的还有快速扩张的负效应。本文主要从连锁经营模式选择的角度分析医药零售连锁企业的现状以及存在的问题,最后建议医药零售企业应当根据企业自身所具备的资源要素来合理选择连锁经营模式。     

医药连锁业将成为湖北医药流通领域的主渠道

近年来，湖北省在医药零售行业大力推行连锁经营，医药连锁业发展迅速，成为这个省医药零售行业最具生机与活力的经营业态，吸引了众多医药零售企业纷纷效仿，从而带动了全省医药行业结构调整和经济增长方式的转变，提高了经济效益，搞活了市场流通。业内人士预言，医药连锁业将成为未来湖北医药流通领域的主要渠道。     

关于药品零售发展连锁经营的调研

根据WTO规则,我国将放开医药分销服务市场,国外医药企业的进入将对我国医药零售市场产生巨大冲击。现结合对青岛市零售药店的调研,提出支持零售药店向连锁经营发展的设想如下。1零售药店现状1.1 青岛市零售药店的发展特点 目前,青岛市药品零售市场正处在快速发展期,药店数量骤增,经济成分多样,经营规模不同,业态多种,呈现出以下几个特点:     

医药零售业走向现代化在于连锁经营

有关资料显示,目前发达国家连锁经营一般占市场销售额的1/3以上,美国达60%.日本连锁经营占零售商业的主导地位,最大的“大荣”连锁公司年销售额超过240亿美元.德国最大的10家连锁店,1992年营业额总和超过3350亿马克.在西方发达国家方兴未艾的连锁经营,已在我国沿海地区和大中城市粮食副食品、机械五金、餐饮等行业迅速流行开来.1 连锁经营完全适用于医药商业随着改革开放的深入和市场经济的建立,旧的商业流通体系逐步解体,运转几十年的“一、二、三、零”的经营体制已经结束.一种适应市场经济的新的医药商业经营体制尚未建立.目前国家医药商业竞争激烈,流通秩序紊乱.批发业因厂家与医疗单位直接销售而相对萎缩.零售比重虽然增大.但由于经营品种有限,难以建立现代化的大型综合商场,加上零售消费者分散.所以目前医药商业零售企业普遍规模偏小,网点分散,各自为战,经营能力弱,造成内耗     

连锁药店:变革求发展

中国药品零售连锁经营经过数年的发展,已经取得了长足的进步,但与发达国家的医药巨头相比,在资本、体制、机构和运作技术等方面的差距仍然相当明显。入世后,由于行业壁垒、地区封锁被打破,个体企业、行业外企业、外地企业、国外企业开始进入,竞争必然进一步加剧,造成药品利润空间的降低和单店市场份额的减少。所以,总体来说,中国药     

医药零售培训的“软肋”

医药零售行业连锁经营和跨地区经营的规模不断扩大,对从业人员的数量和质量要求都有很大提高。企业培训是培养高素质员工以适应未来发展的主要手段,而不少企业在数量急剧增加的同时,却普遍缺少规范化的培训体系,缺乏对人才的培养,尤其是高层管理人才。这些现象将严重制约企业的发展。一些医药零售企业在人才培训方面存在着诸多误区。     

SDA:破除地区封锁清理业界"李鬼"

2000年以来,我国药品零售连锁经营取得了长足的发展。目前,全国已经拥有药品零售连锁企业400多家,连锁门店7800多个,一批连锁药店的品牌已经被社会认同,连锁经营正逐步在药品零售市场上占据主导地位。 药店连锁经营对规范药品流通市场秩序的作用是有目共睹的,但仍有很多因素阻碍药品零售连锁经营企业的健康发展,其中尤以地方保护主义为甚。为此,国家药品监督管理局日前下发《关于加强药品零售连锁经营监督管理工作的通知》,要求各地坚决予以纠正。     

共舞2003

静 静悄悄地,我们迎来了2003年1月1日。 “外资进入还有一定的观望期”、“2003年医药零售业仍将保持内资竞争的格局,外资短期内不会对医药零售行业产生巨大影响”,这几乎成了众多连锁企业老总们的共识。金象的徐军董事长更断言,“没有2-3年的时间,外资要想大踏步进来是不可能的！”万泽的董事长杨惠菱则进一步指出,“关键在于行业现状缺乏吸引力”。中国医药零售市场规模偏小(仅占整个药品销售额的15％)、企业小而多的特殊格局,使得我国的医药连锁企业普遍缺乏抗风险能力,但这也恰恰成为国外连锁大鳄望而却步的一个重要因素。有专业人士指出,由于受“人力资源、管     

战略挂帅之三九连锁

在医药零售行业，说到三九，人们首先联想到的是其所提出的“万家连锁店”计划。2000年8月，国家批准41家企业在全国范围内开展跨省连锁经营业务，三九集团名列其中，自此拉开了三九进军医药零售业的序幕。2001年5月，三九医药连锁有限公司注册成立，新公司公布了三九的连锁发展大计：要在五年内，发展连锁店6000—8000家，成为医药零售行业的     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

Chondroprotective Effects of Wogonin in Experimental Models of Osteoarthritis in vitro and in vivo

We evaluated the chondroprotective effects of wogonin by investigating its effects on the gene expression and production of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in primary cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes, as well as on production of MMP-3 in the rat knee. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured in a monolayer, and RT-PCR was used to measure interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced expression of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4), and type II collagen. In rabbit articular chondrocytes, the effects of wogonin on IL-1β-induced production and proteolytic activity of MMP-3 were investigated using western blot analysis and casein zymography, respectively. The effect of wogonin on MMP-3 protein production was also examined in vivo. In rabbit articular chondrocytes, wogonin inhibited the expression of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-4, but increased expression of type II collagen. Furthermore, wogonin inhibited the production and proteolytic activity of MMP-3 in vitro, and inhibited production of MMP-3 protein in vivo. These results suggest that wogonin can regulate the gene expression and production of MMP-3, by directly acting on articular chondrocytes.