COOK双球囊与缩宫素促宫颈成熟在足月延期妊娠引产中的应用对比研究

目的 分析对比COOK双球囊与缩宫素促宫颈成熟在足月延期妊娠引产中的应用价值.方法 选取2015年3月至2016年9月于本院分娩的孕周＞41周的70例足月妊娠孕妇为研究对象,随机分为对照组与观察组各35例,对照组接受缩宫素促宫颈成熟,观察组接受COOK球囊促宫颈成熟,对比两组引产结局及母婴结局的差异.结果 相较于对照组,观察组的宫颈成熟度更好,引产成功率及阴道分娩率更高,临产时间及胎儿娩出时间更短,P均＜0.05.结论 在足月延期妊娠引产中,COOK双球囊促宫颈成熟效果强于缩宫素,可缩短产程,减少并发症,改善分娩结局.     

宫颈扩张双球囊、前列腺素E2栓剂用于促宫颈成熟及足月妊娠引产的效果分析

目的：探讨宫颈扩张双球囊（COOK球囊）、前列腺素E2栓剂用于促宫颈成熟及足月妊娠引产的有效性和安全性。方法采取回顾对照研究方法,选取2013年3月~2014年3月在本院住院有引产指征的初产妇共240例,随机分为A组（COOK球囊组）80例、B组（前列腺素E2栓剂组）80例、C组（缩宫素组）80例。观察3组产妇的用药后促宫颈成熟及引产效果、用药后至临产时间、阴道分娩率、产后出血量、新生儿1 min Apgar评分及母婴并发症情况。结果 A组的引产总有效率为100.00%,B组为91.25%,C组为46.25%,3组的引产总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,但A、B组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 A、B组的用药后至临产时间明显短于C组,阴道分娩率明显高于C组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。3组的产后出血量、新生儿1 min Apgar评分及母婴并发症情况比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 COOK球囊促宫颈成熟及引产效果与前列腺素制剂相当,且明显优于缩宫素,是一种更安全、有效、简单的促宫颈成熟及引产的方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Cook宫颈扩张球囊用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟及在引产中的应用效果

目的探讨运用Cook宫颈扩张球囊对足月妊娠孕妇在促宫颈成熟以及引产的临床疗效。方法选取我院诊断足月妊娠待引产的孕妇100例,随机均分为两组,其中对照组50例,使用0.5%缩宫素静脉滴注;研究组50例,使用Cook宫颈扩张球囊,治疗结束后比较两组引产情况、促宫颈成熟疗效、宫颈Bishop评分以及产后并发症和新生儿结局。结果研究组孕妇引产成功率为92%,对照组为76%,研究组显著高于对照组,孕妇的临产时间及总产程显著短于对照组,研究组剖宫产率为12%,对照组为40%,研究组显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组促进宫颈成熟有效率为92%,对照组为72%,研究组高于对照组,研究组宫颈Bishop评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);产后并发症和新生儿结局方面的比较无统计学意义。结论对足月妊娠孕妇运用Cook宫颈扩张球囊可以有效促进宫颈成熟,引产的临床效果显著,值得临床推广使用。     

COOK双球囊与地诺前列酮用于促宫颈成熟及引产效果比较

目的对比COOK双球囊与地诺前列酮（前列腺素E2）对促宫颈成熟及引产的有效性和安全性。方法收集有引产指征的产妇80名,按引产方法的不同分为双球囊导管引产组（观察组）和前列腺素E2组（对照组）,每组40名,对比两组产妇促宫颈成熟及引产的效果、分娩方式、妊娠结局和并发症等。结果前列腺素E2与双球囊均可有效促进宫颈成熟及引产,但取出药物或球囊时,观察组宫颈Bishop评分明显高于对照组,而两组有效引产率接近。观察组的阴道分娩率明显高于对照组,产后出血量明显少于对照组,但两组新生儿体质量、5min Apgar评分、宫颈裂伤发生率差别不大。结论 COOK双球囊促宫颈成熟及引产效果优于前列腺素E2。     

COOK球囊在足月妊娠引产孕妇促宫颈成熟的应用及对妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨COOK球囊在足月妊娠引产孕妇促宫颈成熟的应用及对妊娠结局的影响.方法:选择某院收治的足月妊娠引产孕妇94例,根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组47例.对照组采用缩宫素引产,观察组采用COOK球囊引产,比较2组促宫颈成熟效果、妊娠结局及分娩指标.结果:观察组促宫颈成熟总有效率及自然分娩率高于对照组,剖宫...     

宫颈扩张球囊应用于足月妊娠引产孕妇对分娩情况 促宫颈成熟和并发症的影响

目的探究宫颈扩张球囊应用于足月妊娠引产孕妇对分娩情况、促宫颈成熟和并发症的影响。方法选取我院2015年7月至2017年7月收治的足月妊娠引产孕妇120例,按照数字随机表法分为2组,各60例。对照组采用催产素静脉滴注引产,观察组采用一次性宫颈扩张球囊引产。对比2组分娩情况、促宫颈成熟效果及并发症发生率。结果观察组阴道分娩率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组引产至临产时间、总产程时间均短于对照组,产后出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组促宫颈成熟效果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组胎膜早破发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组宫颈出血、排尿不畅、宫缩过频发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论宫颈扩张球囊应用于足月妊娠引产孕妇可有效改善分娩结局,提高促宫颈成熟效果,且未增加并发症发生率,值得临床推广。     

Foley’s尿管球囊用于妊娠晚期引产促宫颈成熟的效果评价

目的探讨Foley’s尿管球囊用于晚期妊娠引产促宫颈成熟的临床效果。方法将100例符合引产指征以及宫颈Bishop评分<6分的孕妇(均为妊娠孕晚期)随机分为观察组(采用18号Foley’s尿管球囊机械性扩张宫颈内口至少12h以上拔除球囊,然后再静滴小剂量催产素促宫颈成熟引产)和对照组(采用静滴小剂量催产素促宫颈成熟引产)各50例。比较两组孕妇促宫颈成熟的有效率、促宫颈成熟所用的时间、分娩方式、母儿结局。结果观察组宫颈改良成熟度评分、顺产分娩率、促宫颈成熟使用时间均优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组产褥感染的发生率、产后出血量、新生儿出生后1min Apgar评分无差异(P>0.05)。结论 Foley’s尿管球囊机械性扩张宫颈内口与小剂量催产素静滴联合,促进宫颈成熟,比单独使用催产素更有效,引产效果好,安全可靠,所用时间短,且方法简便。     

双球囊导管促宫颈成熟在足月妊娠及引产中的应用

目的 探讨双球囊导管促宫颈成熟在足月妊娠及引产中的应用效果。方法 选取我院2017年3月～2019年2月入院的有完整诊疗信息的足月妊娠孕妇60例,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各30例,观察组孕妇应用双球囊导管促宫颈成熟和引产,对照组孕妇直接应用缩宫素静滴引产。比较两组干预后孕妇的促宫颈成熟率(宫颈Bishop评分)、分娩方式和分娩结局。结果 两组孕妇干预前宫颈Bishop评分比较无统计学差异,干预后观察组的宫颈Bishop评分显著高于干预前的宫颈Bishop评分,且高于对照组干预后的;观察组孕妇剖宫产率及催产素使用率明显低于对照组;观察组未出现子宫强直收缩,对照组出现2例,两组孕妇产后尿潴留的发生率及产后2h出血量无统计学差异(P 0.05)。结论 应用双球囊导管促宫颈成熟在足月妊娠及引产中能够有效改善宫颈条件,从而缩短产程,提高阴道分娩率,并能够减少新生儿并发症的发生,值得临床推广。     

Cook促宫颈成熟球囊用于足月妊娠引产的效果观察

目的:探讨Cook促宫颈成熟球囊应用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟、提高引产成功率的有效性及安全性。方法:选择2012年8月～2013年5月在我院住院且有引产指征的足月孕妇为研究对象,32例自愿选择应用Cook促宫颈成熟球囊孕妇为观察组,44例选择单纯应用小剂量缩宫素引产者为对照组,观察两组宫颈成熟、产程、出血量、分娩结局、产褥感染发生率及新生儿情况,并进行分析比较。结果:观察组采用Cook促宫颈成熟球囊促宫颈成熟,总有效率为95.7%,观察组阴道分娩率高于对照组,产程明显短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),产妇出血量、新生儿情况,产褥感染发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Cook促宫颈成熟球囊能有效扩张宫颈,促进宫颈成熟,提高引产成功率,同时不增加产褥感染发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

子宫颈扩张球囊用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟和引产中临床作用分析

目的:探讨子宫颈扩张球囊应用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟以及引产中的临床效果。方法:随机选取2015年7月~2016年11月期间在某院接受分娩的160例存在引产指征的足月妊娠孕妇分为对照组、观察组,两组分别使用缩宫素、子宫颈扩张球囊来促宫颈成熟并行引产,观察两组宫颈成熟情况及引产效果。结果:观察组宫颈成熟总有效率为82.35%,显著高于对照组的46.67%,阴道分娩率为84.71%,显著高于对照组的64.00%(P0.05);组间胎儿状况、产妇出血量比较上无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:将子宫颈扩张球囊应用于存在引产指征的足月妊娠产妇中,可促进宫颈得到有效扩张,提高引产成功率。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Glycofection: The Ubiquitous Roles of Sugar Bound on Glycoplexes

Glycofection (transfection by using sugar-substituted polylysine) was assessed in order to provide an alternative to viral vectors for the transfer of genes into vascular smooth muscle cells. A rabbit vascular smooth muscle cell line (Rb-1 cells) was selectively transfected by using glycoplexes (glycosylated polylysine/pSV2LUC complexes) in the presence of 10 mu M of the fusogenic peptide GALA. A sugar-specific transfection was obtained when the glycofection was conducted for 1 h with glycoplexes containing either alpha Gal, alpha -Glc, alpha -GalNAc, beta -GlcNAc, or beta -GalNAc residues. The gene expression was high after transfection, with glycoplexes bearing alpha Gal, alpha -GalNAc, or beta -GalNAc residues that were weakly internalized, and low with glycoplexes carrying Lact or Rha residues that were well taken up by cells. These results suggest that 1) glycofection can be a good approach for a selective transfer of genes intovascular smooth muscle cells, 2) an efficient uptake of the glycoplexes is not the unique limiting step for an efficient transfection, and 3) the sugar-dependent trafficking of the glycoplexes inside the cells may account for the transfection efficiency.     

直肠癌下切缘病理组织学分析

目的探讨直肠癌逆向浸润与下切缘的安全距离的关系。方法对36例直肠癌Miles手术和Dixon手术后标本的肿瘤下缘1.0cm、2.0cm、3.0cm的肠壁及对应的系膜病理组织学检查,观察直肠癌逆向浸润或转移的距离。结果36例直肠癌标本距癌肿下缘1.0 cm、2.0cm、3.0cm的肠壁及对应的系膜病理组织学检查均为阴性,结论直肠癌远恻逆向浸润或转移未见超过1.0cm,因此认为保肛手术时切除肿瘤远侧肠管(包括系膜)2.0cm是安全的。