中药专业毕业生学习需求情况调查

采用问卷形式对中药专业毕业生的学习需要进行调查，分析毕业生对部分课程的学习效果和对相关知识的学习需求，为客观评价教学质量、深化教学改革提供一定的理论依据。     

中药学专业实习应注意的几个问题

基于中药学专业学科体系、培养目标特点，提出中药学专业实习过程中青年教师应注意的一些问题，并通过中药学专业毕业生实习、实践，提高毕业实习质量和效果，加强毕业生实践能力、就业能力等方面的培养要求，从改革实习目的、规范实习管理方面，对本科实习进行初步探讨，目的在于保证实习效果，提高中药学毕业生的综合素质。     

制药类毕业生岗位就业力调查分析研究与探讨

本文通过对制药类毕业生岗位就业能力的调查与分析,从学校与学生两个方面来探讨如何提升毕业生的就业力。     

试论医学毕业生出路指导

随着高等医学教育的跨越式发展,医学毕业生就业形势日趋严峻的事实已经突显.通过客观数据认真分析医学毕业生就业现状及原因,剖析医学毕业生指导工作存在的主要问题,进而对医学毕业生出路指导提出对策与建议.     

护理自考本科毕业论文撰写及答辩

目的 分析自学考试本科护理专业毕业生毕业论文的现状及答辩情况。方法 以2005年春季628份毕业论文为材料，对论文初审结果与综合成绩对比加以分析。结果 护理专业本科毕业生应学会正确选题，提高论文撰写能力；加强心理素质培养，提高答辩通过率。结论 临床护士在论文撰写与综合能力上有待提高。     

2005年药学毕业生的就业形势分析

21世纪是生命科学的世纪,医药行业迅猛发展,使社会对药学人才的需求不断增加。本文通过对医药行业市场分析和我院药学毕业生就业形势进行分析调查,分析显示2005年药学毕业生就业形势尚且乐观,但仍要从学校教育体制、人才培养、就业指导工作等方面完善和提高,以培养出更多适应社会发展需要的高素质人才。     

从求职竞争谈护士的能力培养

社会在不断地进步，经济在不断地发展，在市场经济的条件下，社会对从事护理工作的人员提出了新要求，护士求职也面临着新的挑战。在用人单位接收毕业生的问题上，已突破了计划经济体制束缚，接收毕业生既不是单靠一张成绩单从档案中了解毕业生，也不是从定向学校接收毕业生，而是面向社会全方面招聘具备综合职业能力的毕业生。这样对学生来说面临自主择业、双向选择、公平竞争的问题，既有机遇又有挑战。而中等专业学校教学水平的高低，应从毕业生的就业情况来衡量，为了使学生适应市场经济变化的需要，在竞争中立于不败之地，中等专业院校…     

基于岗位需求的药剂学教学改革探讨

通过调研明确药学毕业生的岗位需求，以培养实用的高素质应用型人才为目标，从教学方法、教学内容以及考核评价体系等方面对药剂学课程进行教学改革。     

历届药学本科毕业生就业状况调查

通过对复旦大学药学院历届本科毕业生就业状况的追踪调查，了解其工作状况、薪酬状况、社会适应能力以及对药学专业的态度，为药学专业的教育改革和学科建设，为在校生的就业指导工作提供可供参考的建议。     

高职药学专业毕业生就业情况分析

分析学院近五年药学专业毕业生的就业情况：国企和外资企业对高职药学人才的需求有所下降,而民营企业的需求逐年上升;医院和药品生产企业对高职药学专业学生的需求在下降,而药品经营企业和社区卫生服务中心及诊所的需求在上升。通过转变观念、分类培养、准确定位等方式提高毕业生就业质量。     

Adolescents' perceptions of the internet as a health information source

The internet offers young people easy and anonymous access to information about health and medicines A series of focus groups with United Kingdom school students explored their perceptions of the internet as a health information source Less than one‐third of the students had looked for health information online; those who did were as likely to look for information about a family member's illness as their own health concerns (including diet/exercise, sexual health) Most health information seekers had used a search engine for their query, and their success was determined by their skill at evaluating the search results that they received There are opportunities for educational interventions through schools and pharmacies to help young adults to optimise their use of the internet for health information     

Consumer use of the internet for medicines information

Objective To explore consumer opinion of the internet as a source of medicines information, the reasons consumers use this information, and the impact of this information on their use of medicines. Method Focus groups (n=6) were conducted in metropolitan Sydney, Australia during March to May 2003 with consumers (n=46) who had used the internet for medicines information. Key findings Although participants expressed some concerns about the quality of internet‐based medicines information (IBMI), the convenience of access to this information outweighed these reservations. Attitudes were thus positive overall. Participants used IBMI when preparing for doctors' visits, for second opinions and additional information, for information on current issues, when deciding whether to use a medicine, for comparative information on brands and generics, and when written information was not supplied by health professionals. Most participants felt empowered by the information they found and used it to play a more active role in decision making about their therapy. Conclusion This study describes various issues associated with consumer use of IBMI and highlights the possible role of pharmacists to support their patients' efforts to access and interpret medicines information.     

Providing drug information to health professionals and consumers: role and responsibility of the pharmaceutical manufacturer

There is no law requiring any pharmaceutical firm to maintain a drug information center for their products. The package insert that accompanies the product is all that is legally mandated. Roche and other drug manufacturers provide these services because they believe it is in their own best interest and that of the users of their products to do so. Pharmacists are currently involved in providing drug information in numerous settings, particularly health sciences schools, hospitals, colleges, federal agencies and associations, as well as corporations. To date, they have been frequent users of company drug information services. It is hoped this discussion will stimulate anyone in need of product information to contact the manufacturer. They have the most complete data available on their products and are generally willing to share their information with other drug information services, practitioners and, in a more limited way, consumers.     

You can't ask if you don't know what to ask: a survey of the information needs and resources of hospital outpatients.

OBJECTIVES: to test public demand for health and sickness information and identify sources of information used by the public. METHODS: using a questionnaire as the basis of a highly structured interview, 274 outpatients or their caregivers from nine clinics in Wellington Hospital, attending for the second or subsequent time, were asked whether they felt they knew enough about their illness and treatment, and where they had obtained their information. RESULTS: almost half expressed a wish for more illness information and two-fifths wanted to know more about their treatment. Respondents were significantly more satisfied with treatment than illness information. Outpatient comments further indicated dissatisfaction with information. Sixteen sources of information were each used by four or more people, almost 20% of the sample using more than six sources. Health professionals, the hospital doctor in particular, were the most important source of information; informal personal contacts were also widely used. CONCLUSIONS: the results highlight the difficulties of communication between health professionals and clients. The possibility of cooperation between health and information professionals in providing patients with more information is raised.     

Medication management during pregnancy: role of the pharmacist

A community pharmacist is frequently the first healthcare professional who is asked to give advice regarding medication use during pregnancy. As 50% of pregnancies are unplanned, a woman often discovers she is pregnant while already taking a medication and visits a pharmacy which is easily accessible, to enquire if she has harmed her baby by this action. Following a review of the literature, of which there is a paucity on this topic, we found that pharmacists often do not feel equipped to dispense teratology information and frequently refer the woman to her attending physician, without giving any information. In addition, it was clear that even when they did give information, it was not necessarily evidence-based and at times, inaccurate and based on their own opinions. In this article, we have attempted to make pharmacists aware of all the sources that are available, to enable them to perform this important role as a member of the health care team. These include websites, texts, evidence-based literature, teratogen information services and more. With the knowledge extracted from various resources, following critical appraisal of the data, they should be more comfortable and feel better equipped to transfer this information to a pregnant woman. In conclusion, while there may be a lack of adequate information regarding use of certain medications during pregnancy, pharmacists should be able to integrate available information with their medication expertise, to make appropriate individual risk/benefit decisions. This requires active engagement with pregnant women, rather than automatically referring them to their physician, thus establishing the pharmacist role as an essential member of the health care team.     

Barriers to the use of patient safety information sources by community pharmacies

BackgroundWhen patient safety information is communicated across a regulatory jurisdiction or country, the potential to enhance the safety of community pharmacy practice is significant. While there currently exists a number of sources for patient safety information (e.g., websites, safety bulletins, online tools), knowledge of the barriers that may inhibit the use of such information sources within community pharmacies is limited.ObjectiveThis research explores community pharmacy manager use of Canadian patient safety information sources and the barriers that may limit the use of such sources.MethodsA qualitative research study design using semi-structured interviews was conducted with 15 community pharmacy managers in the Halifax Regional Municipality of Nova Scotia, Canada. The study explored how pharmacists access and engage a variety of information sources, including corporate intranets, websites, and tools provided by third party data base repositories. Interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsFive general barriers were identified: lack of time to access information sources and its contents; too many sources of available information; too much information not relevant to community pharmacy practice; complexity navigating online information sources; and lack of community pharmacy involvement in source design.ConclusionWhile pharmacies do use safety information sources to enhance practice safety, their ability to incorporate this information is inhibited by their general lack of time available to access and read safety information, lack of knowledge about where to get this information, and lack of tailored information for the community pharmacy context. Future initiatives should address increasing information awareness of available sources, consolidating and reducing information overload of such sources, and packaging information to better fit with pharmacists’ needs.     

Medication errors: the role of the patient

1. Patients and their carers will usually be the first to notice any observable problems resulting from medication errors. They will probably be unable to distinguish between medication errors, adverse drug reactions, or 'side effects'.
2. Little is known about how patients understand drug related problems or how they make attributions of adverse effects. Some research suggests that patients' cognitive models of adverse drug reactions bear a close relationship to models of illness perception.
3. Attributions of adverse drug reactions are related to people's previous experiences and to their level of education. The evidence suggests that on the whole patients' reports of adverse drug reactions are accurate. However, patients do not report all the problems they perceive and are more likely to report those that they do perceive as severe. Patients may not report problems attributed to their medications if they are fearful of doctors' reactions. Doctors may respond inappropriately to patients' concerns, for example by ignoring them. Some authors have proposed the use of a symptom checklist to elicit patients' reports of suspected adverse drug reactions.
4. Many patients want information about adverse drug effects, and the challenge for the professional is to judge how much information to provide and the best way of doing so. Professionals' inappropriate emphasis on adherence may be dangerous when a medication error has occurred.
5. Recent NICE guidelines recommend that professionals should ask patients if they have any concerns about their medicines, and this approach is likely to yield information conducive to the identification of medication errors.     

患者对冬病夏治的认知度和健康教育需求的调查分析

目的:了解患者对冬病夏治的认知度和健康教育需求情况。方法:将2011年我科接诊的320名接受冬病夏治的患者进行问卷调查,了解患者的一般资料、获得冬病夏治信息的途径、健康教育需求、健康教育前后患者对冬病夏治的认知度和接受意愿等,对获得的数据进行统计学分析。结果:57.50%的患者表示了解冬病夏治信息的途径是医院宣传册/栏;患者对冬病夏治的健康教育需求包括与冬病夏治有关的健康教育需求(如冬病夏治的适应证、疗效、治疗时间和方法、注意事项、禁忌证等)和个性化的健康教育需求(如中医养生、食疗知识、所患疾病相关知识等)。健康教育前、后患者对冬病夏治的认知度和接受意愿比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:引入"知-信-行"健康教育方法、采用多种形式和途径的宣传方法、拓展服务、强调冬病夏治"治未病"的特点(尤其是对亚健康人群的防病作用)、建立冬病夏治专业团队等,有利于增加患者获得冬病夏治信息的途径,满足患者多层次的健康教育需求,提高患者对冬病夏治的认知度和接受意愿。     

Patients' views of the value of “brown bag” medication reviews

Objective — To explore and describe patients' views of the value of brown bag medication reviews. Method — Semi‐structured, tape‐recorded interviews were conducted with 20 patients who had participated in a brown bag medication review scheme. Setting — A health authority area in south‐east inner London. Key findings — Patients perceived the following benefits from brown bag reviews: clinical problems resolved; better understanding of their medications, leading to increased confidence; and appreciation that an interest was being taken in their health care. Reviews had given patients a sense of empowerment, and had made them realise that they had a right to information about their medical treatment and medication. As a result they were likely to be more proactive in seeking information in future. Reviews had made patients realise that pharmacists were knowledgeable about medicines, where previously many had thought that only doctors had sufficient knowledge. Reviews had enhanced relationships between patients and pharmacists. However, some patients still perceived their doctor as the authoritative source of information about medicines. Patients' accounts indicated that much of the information provided by the pharmacist was new, raising the issue of what information was routinely being provided by pharmacists. Conclusions — Brown bag reviews were regarded by patients as beneficial and they wanted them to be available in the future. Patients' perceptions of pharmacists as health professionals and providers of information on medicines were enhanced by brown bag reviews.