中药赤石脂的红外光谱分析

目的研究中药赤石脂的红外光谱特征。方法用红外光谱法(IR)对不同来源的矿物药赤石脂进行测定,研究赤石脂的红外光谱特征。结果对不同产地的29批次赤石脂样本进行红外光谱分析,不同来源的赤石脂在3 618cm-1及3 695 cm-1波数处存在差异,可以有效区分赤石脂及高岭石。结论运用傅立叶变换红外光谱技术可以对不同来源的赤石脂及高岭石进行直接、快速、准确分析,为此类矿物药的鉴别和质量控制提供可靠的依据。     

干燥条件对枸橼酸红外光谱的影响

目的:对枸橼酸红外光谱鉴别中样品干燥预处理方法进行探讨.方法:分别对直接压片法、干燥器(硅胶)常温干燥(12 h)法与105℃干燥2h后再压片进行红外光谱扫描,并将图谱与对照图谱进行比较、分析.结果:直接压片法所得的红外图谱与对照图谱一致但一定机率出现“毛刺峰”;干燥器(硅胶)常温干燥法所得的红外图谱与对照图谱一致且图谱比较平滑;在105℃干燥2h后再压片所得的红外图谱与对照图谱不一致.结论:在进行红外光谱鉴别时,不宜对枸橼酸原料药在105℃干燥2h干燥而应该在干燥器(硅胶)常温干燥12 h或可直接压片.     

红外光谱技术在中药质量控制中的应用进展

综述红外光谱技术与化学计量学相结合在中药质量控制中的应用,包括利用导数校正(包括一阶、二阶求导)、标准正态变换、多元信号校正、小波变换、数据平滑等方法处理原始红外光谱,提高谱图的信噪比、改良分析信号的质量;利用正交偏最小方差判别分析、主成分分析、偏最小二乘法等校正方法处理红外光谱数据,可以迅速而准确地鉴别中药、定量分析中药有效成分;用SIMCA方法、聚类分析方法、红外指纹图谱法等化学模式识别红外光谱数据可以判断中药的产地、道地性和中成药的质量等;利用二维相关红外光谱法可以鉴别中药材的产地、研究中药炮制质量变化等。     

紫外和红外光谱指纹谱与燃烧热谱联合定量评价人参归脾丸质量

目的 建立人参归脾丸紫外光谱指纹图谱(UVFPs)、红外光谱指纹图谱(IRFPs)及其燃烧热谱(Q),以UVFPs-IRFPs-Q联合评价其真实质量.方法 采用空心聚四氟乙烯管(650mm×0.12mm)装入高效液相色谱仪,用DAD采集190～400nm区间UV光谱数据建立UV指纹图谱;将RSGPW甲醇提取液涂于溴化钾晶片上测定IR光谱指纹图谱;采用氧弹式量热计测定其燃烧热值.之后对UV-IR-Q等权融合综合评价RSGPW质量.结果 10批样品中S2、S9和S10质量极好,其余质量很好或好.结论 紫外指纹图谱能表征药物组分中π→π*,n→π*及n→σ*的化学键信息,红外指纹图谱表征的是饱和单键振动或转动的化学键信息,燃烧热值Q从能量角度反映化学物质整体含量,紫外-红外光谱指纹图谱联合燃烧热能展现中药质量全貌而更好地用于中药质量控制.     

非接触式红外测温仪测量大鼠不同部位体温的比较研究

目的寻求一个适合非接触式红外测温仪测量大鼠体温的最适部位。方法分别用非接触式红外测温仪及电子体温计测量大鼠的口腔、腹部(去毛)、肛内三个不同部位的体温,并将非接触式红外仪所测的三个不同部位体温与电子体温计所测体温计进行比较,得出与后者所测体温最接近的测量部位。结果非接触式红外测温仪在肛内、口腔、腹部三个部位所测体温分别为(34.98±0.20)℃、(35.66±0.24)℃、(36.08±0.32)℃,电子体温计所测大鼠肛内、腹部、口腔三个部位体温分别为(38.36±0.41)℃、(37.87±0.41)℃、(38.19±0.55)℃。两种测温仪所测量各部位的体温有显著性差异,两种测温仪在腹部所测体温差最小,为2.11℃。结论非接触式红外测温仪测量大鼠体温的最适部位是腹部(去毛)。     

彩超在乳腺疾病诊断上与红外乳腺检查的比较

乳腺疾病在我国近几年呈上升趋势,且趋向年轻化,这与如今的饮食含激素较多、环境污染及不适当的隆乳手术增多等因素有关。应用高频彩超能及早发现各种乳腺疾患,特别对乳腺癌的早发现、早诊断、早治疗有重大意义;而红外乳腺检查对妇科普查有一定意义。1　资料与方法1.1　研究对象:选择近期本院门诊就诊的乳腺不适(双乳腺疼痛、触及肿块、乳头溢乳等)患者5 8例,年龄18～5 2岁。1.2　仪器与方法:采用Accuson 12 8xp/ 4彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,探头7.0 MHz及CFI6 0 0 4红外乳腺诊断仪。先后进行红外乳腺检查和彩超检查。2　结果见附表。附表　…     

黄柏药材的红外光谱鉴别

目的通过对黄柏药材的提取物(盐酸小檗碱)作红外光谱扫描,快速鉴别该药材的真伪。方法根据盐酸小檗碱在热水中溶解,在水或乙醇中微溶,在三氯甲烷中极微溶解,在乙醚中不溶解的特性,以及2010年版《中国药典(一部)》中黄柏项下的鉴别提取方法,以1%醋酸甲醇为溶剂对黄柏进行提取,用纯化水对黄柏提取物进行重结晶,用非极性大孔吸附树脂D101柱进行分离纯化,对洗脱液进行浓缩再结晶,对结晶干燥,并将其红外光谱与标准图谱进行比较。结果红外光谱鉴别结果表明,黄柏提取物(盐酸小檗碱)红外光谱与盐酸小檗碱标准图谱一致。结论红外光谱鉴别方法简便可靠、快速准确。     

不同产地大黄红外指纹图谱及相似度分析

摘 要 目的：建立红外指纹光谱鉴定大黄药材的方法。方法: 收集不同产地的大黄药材样品10批,对不同产地大黄药材进行红外光谱指纹测定,并进行相似度计算及化学模式识别。结果: 获得10批不同产地大黄药材红外指纹图谱,图谱相似度均大于0.96。结论: 红外指纹图谱鉴定法可用于大黄药材的鉴别。     

参芪扶正注射液红外光谱质量控制方法研究

目的:建立参芪扶正注射液质量控制的新方法。方法:采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术获取图谱,并利用数学软件对图谱进行求导及相关系数比对。结果:获得了10批次参芪扶正注射液、4批次党参/黄芪药材及各药材提取物、阴性注射液等的红外光谱图,找出了参芪扶正注射液的特征吸收峰;各批次间参芪扶正注射液的相关系数均>0.99。结论:该方法取样量小、简便、迅速、特征性强,有一定的推广应用价值。     

C型甲苯咪唑的红外光谱定量测定

本文用红外光谱法测定了甲苯咪唑中晶型C的含量。取高铁氰化钾细粉(6mg)为内标物,与样品细粉(30mg)在0.25ml液体石蜡中仔细研磨均匀。将糊状物放入0.1mm铅片隔开的KBr窗片之间,分别于800～850cm^-1和2050～2150cm^-1以吸收度的方式扫描谱图。最后以834和842cm^-1,2114和2140cm^-1吸收度之差按内标法计算甲苯咪唑C型晶型的百分含量。该法对甲苯咪唑原料和片剂都适用,操作简便、专属性高,结果满意。     

红外线照射治疗起搏器植入术后囊袋血肿的临床观察

目的观察红外线照射对起搏器植入术后囊袋血肿的临床疗效,以进一步证实红外线照射对此类患者的临床疗效。方法选取该院急诊危重症中心和吉林省人民医院心内科2006年1月—2012年11月永久起搏器植入并发囊袋血肿患者50例,随机将所有患者分为对照组和治疗组各25例,对照组采用沙袋压迫、芒硝热敷等方法,并常规予以抗炎治疗;治疗组在对照组的基础上予以红外线照射,并观察两组患者囊袋血肿的变化及其消退时间。结果两组患者经积极治疗后,囊袋血肿均及时消退。但对照组囊袋血肿消退时间为（5.21±0.76）d,治疗组囊袋消退时间为（3.68±0.87）d,差别有统计学意义,P〈0.05。结论红外线照射法疗法配合常规治疗能有效缩短囊袋血肿消退时间,减轻患者痛苦,临床疗效肯定。     

骶髂关节炎的红外热图诊断意义

目的　探讨红外热图诊断骶髂关节炎的价值。方法　对 182例强直性脊柱炎 (AS)或可疑AS患者的骶髂关节区行红外扫描 ,并与X线、CT及实验室检查结果对比。结果　 182例患者骶髂关节区 (SIJ)阳性热图 98.3 % ,X线SIJ炎≥Ⅱ级者 73 .1%。SIJ区增温温差与红细胞沉降率 (ESR)增快成正相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　红外热图有助于早期AS诊断。     

Modification of <Superscript>131</Superscript>I-labeled sodium mercaptododecaborate pharmacokinetics using infrared radiation and vasoactive compounds

The influence of vasodilative (dibazole) and vasoconstrictive (mesatone) drugs on the distribution of sodium mercaptododecaborate labeled with radioactive iodine (¹³¹I-BSH) in melanoma B-16 and surrounding tissues of mice has been studied. It is shown that the administration of dibazole results in a more pronounced increase in the ratio of ¹³¹I-BSH concentrations in the tumor and surrounding tissues in comparison to mesatone. Combined use of infrared radiation and dibazole for the modification of ¹³¹I-BSH distribution in tissues showed a tendency to increase in the ratio of BSH concentrations in the tumor and tissues in comparison to the case of infrared irradiation or dibazole used alone. The results show good prospects for the combined use of IR radiation and drugs for increasing the oncotropic properties of agents for boron neutron capture therapy. __________ Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 3–5, March, 2007.     

醉鱼草红外指纹图谱的研究

目的建立可用于鉴别醉鱼草药材的红外指纹图谱。方法采用95%乙醇提取,石油醚去除叶绿素,分析10批醉鱼草药材提取物的红外指纹图谱。结果福建产醉鱼草药材具有独特而稳定的红外指纹特征图谱。结论建立的的醉鱼草药材的红外指纹特征图谱具有稳定、重复性好的特点,可用于醉鱼草药材的质量控制的一种手段。     

Noncontact Infrared-Mediated Heat Transfer During Continuous Freeze-Drying of Unit Doses

Recently, an innovative continuous freeze-drying concept for unit doses was proposed, based on spinning the vials during freezing. An efficient heat transfer during drying is essential to continuously process these spin frozen vials. Therefore, the applicability of noncontact infrared (IR) radiation was examined. The impact of several process and formulation variables on the mass of sublimed ice after 15 min of primary drying (i.e., sublimation rate) and the total drying time was examined. Two experimental designs were performed in which electrical power to the IR heaters, distance between the IR heaters and the spin frozen vial, chamber pressure, product layer thickness, and 5 model formulations were included as factors. A near-infrared spectroscopy method was developed to determine the end point of primary and secondary drying. The sublimation rate was mainly influenced by the electrical power to the IR heaters and the distance between the IR heaters and the vial. The layer thickness had the largest effect on total drying time. The chamber pressure and the 5 model formulations had no significant impact on sublimation rate and total drying time, respectively. This study shows that IR radiation is suitable to provide the energy during the continuous processing of spin frozen vials.     

Effect of ethanol on surface body temperature as measured by infrared radiation detection

A prominent effect of ethanol is on rectal body temperature. The use of a rectal probe to measure temperature can be stressful to the subject, especially when used repeatedly. We now present data on the hypothermic effect of ethanol (0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 3.5, or 4.0 g/kg) on surface body temperature in rats as detected by infrared radiation. Ethanol produced significant decreases in nasal temperature that were significantly correlated with changes in rectal temperature. Ethanol (3.5 g/kg) also produced a significant reversal in nasal hypothermia 15 min postinjection that was detected only with the infrared method. This new method is very rapid, accurate, requires minimal handling and may, therefore, be less stressful than rectal measurement to the subject.     

Measurement of drug agglomerates in powder blending simulation samples by near infrared chemical imaging

This research note describes a powder blending simulation study conducted using 20-mL scintillation vials and a bench-top rotating mixer on a scale of 2 g for each sample. In order to investigate the impact of mean particle size and size distribution on blending behavior of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), the drug substance was separated into sieve fractions using the US standard sieves of 60, 80, 100, 200, and 325 mesh. Each of the fractions was mixed with two excipients (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and microcrystalline cellulose) for up to 20 min. Then the blending samples were analyzed by a near infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI) system. The NIR-CI system was able to measure API particles/domains (agglomerates) at 0.001 mm² and above within a 11.2 mm × 9.0 mm field of view. It was found that blends prepared with larger API particles (60–200 mesh) contain agglomerated API domains ≥0.1 mm². The blends prepared with finer API particles (≤325 mesh) show the characteristics of a randomized mixing. This simple and effective method can be used for evaluation of blending behavior for APIs in formulation development.     

Development and validation of an infrared spectroscopy‐based method for the analysis of moisture content in 5‐fluorouracil

The determination of moisture content in pharmaceuticals is very important as moisture is mainly responsible for the degradation of drugs. Degraded drugs have reduced efficacy and could be hazardous. The objective of the present work is to replace the Karl Fischer (KF) titration method used for moisture analysis with a method that is rapid, involves no toxic materials and is more effective. Diffuse reflectance infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which is explored as a potential alternative to various approaches, is investigated for moisture analysis in 5‐fluorouracil, an anticancer drug. A total of 150 samples with varying moisture content were prepared in laboratory by exposing the drug at different relative humidities, for different time intervals. Infrared spectra of these samples were collected with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer using a diffuse reflectance accessory. Reference moisture values were obtained using the Karl Fischer titration method. A number of calibration models were developed using the partial least squares (PLS) regression method. A good correlation was obtained between predicted IR values and reference values in the calibration and validation set. The derived calibration curve was used to predict moisture content in unknown samples. The results show that IR spectroscopy can be used successfully for the determination of moisture content in the pharmaceutical industry. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stress degradation studies of nelfinavir mesylate by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Nelfinavir mesylate is the first nonpeptidic protease inhibitor available in pediatric formulation. In the present paper the stability of nelfinavir mesylate under different stress conditions is evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The drug is subjected to thermal degradation, photodegradation, acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis and oxidation as per ICH guidelines. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are carried out to support the implementation of infrared spectroscopy for the stability studies of nelfinavir mesylate. Significant changes are observed in the IR spectra collected after exposing the drug to thermal radiations, acid and base hydrolysis and oxidative degradation. No change is observed in the spectra of the drug after exposing it to sunlight indicating the good photostability of nelfinavir mesylate. The results of infrared spectroscopy agree well with that of other complementary techniques as DSC, TGA, XRD and HPLC.     

红外线灯加护肤粉治疗肛周糜烂的效果观察

目的:观察红外线灯照射后予施贵宝护肤粉外涂治疗肛周糜烂的效果.方法:对40例肛周糜烂患者随机分成观察组和对照组各20例,观察组采用清洁肛周后予红外线灯照射再予施贵宝护肤粉外涂,对照组采用清洁肛周后予爽身粉外涂.观察两组病人肛周糜烂愈合情况.结果:观察组肛周糜烂愈合情况明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:红外线灯照射后再予施贵宝护肤粉外涂对肛周糜烂的治疗有很好的效果.