中国辽东半岛40种药用海藻资源简介

根据我们1987年——1990年的调查研究,辽东半岛共有药用海藻82种,本文筛选其中生物活性强、分布广、生物量大,可望形成较大规模产业的药用海藻名录共40种,着重阐述它们的功用,产地、生物量等,为进一步开发利用海洋新药源及海洋功能食品的原料提供科学依据。     

海藻硒多糖抗肿瘤作用机制的研究

目的:对海藻硒多糖抗肿瘤作用以及海藻硒多糖抗肿瘤机制的研究进展进行综述。方法:查阅相关文献资料进行归纳总结。结果:海藻硒多糖通过增强机体的免疫功能、影响肿瘤细胞的细胞周期、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、增强机体的抗氧化作用4种机制进行抗肿瘤的作用。结论:海藻硒多糖的开发具有广阔的应用前景。     

24种海藻中脂肪酸含量的研究

用气相色谱法分析了２４种不同门类海藻脂肪的含量，结果表明，海藻脂肪酸以棕榈酸含量最高，约占总量的４０％，按分类比较，褐藻门海藻的脂肪酸总量及不饱和脂肪酸的含量都较高，而红藻门，绿藻门海藻的脂肪酸含量较低。     

我国部分海域药用藻类资源分布特征初探及开发展望

通过对我国药用藻类资源研究并实地进行海藻采集工作经验,选取辽宁沿海、秦皇岛、烟台、南麂岛、硵洲岛及海南鹿回头等6处海域的药用海藻资源种类进行整理,为进一步研究开发海洋藻类资源提供科学依据。     

海藻及其混伪品性状显微比较研究

目的：研究海藻及其混伪品的性状、显微特征,以便准确鉴别海藻药材。方法：采用性状和显微鉴别方法对海藻及其混伪品进行形态组织对比研究。结果：海藻及其混伪品在药材性状和组织结构上存在差异。结论：采用形态和显微鉴别方法可准确鉴定海藻药材基原。     

海藻多糖的化学结构及生物活性研究新进展

多糖是海藻中一类重要的生物活性物质,近年来已引起国内外学者的广泛重视。大量研究表明,海藻多糖化学结构新颖、复杂,具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗病毒和防治心血管疾病等多种药理活性。本文主要从海藻多糖的化学结构和生物活性2个方面对海藻多糖的研究进展进行综述,为后期对海藻多糖的深入研究和开发功能性食品或药品提供一定的理论指导。     

海藻多糖的促排铅药效初步研究

目的海藻多糖的促排铅作用。方法将40只小鼠(雌雄各半)随机分为阴性对照组,模型组、海藻多糖组低、中、高剂量组。在给药4周后,通过石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪测定试药组与模型组的血铅浓度。结果染铅小鼠给予海藻多糖后,可以明显降低血铅含量(P<0.05)。结论海藻多糖具有一定的促排铅作用。     

海藻酸盐复合水凝胶在癌症治疗中的应用进展

海藻酸盐复合水凝胶是目前肿瘤药物递送系统材料的研究热点之一。海藻酸盐水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性、可再生的特点,然而天然海藻酸盐水凝胶因降解缓慢、凝胶不稳定等缺点使其在机体环境下可能无法实现预期的结果。海藻酸盐通过结合其他材料,并用离子交联、共价交联和自由基聚合等方法形成水凝胶,使其在癌症治疗中得到广泛应用。本文基于海藻酸盐水凝胶复合体系,综述了海藻酸盐水凝胶结构及其基本性质,重点阐述了近几年来海藻酸盐复合水凝胶在常见癌症治疗应用的研究状况,总结当前研究重点方向并讨论了海藻酸盐复合水凝目前存在问题,为进一步拓展海藻酸盐复合水凝胶在临床癌症治疗的研究提供参考。     

海藻多糖对博来霉素诱导的大鼠肺间质纤维化模型的干预作用研究

目的观察海藻多糖对博来霉素(BLM)诱导的大鼠肺间质纤维化的影响。方法气管注射博来霉素制作大鼠肺纤维化模型,通过海藻多糖不同浓度(50、100mg.mL-1)灌胃给药,在造模的第0、7、14、28天测肺羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量。结果博来霉素造模第7、28天时,海藻多糖两个剂量组大鼠肺羟脯氨酸含量与模型组比较均有明显降低(P<0.05),第14天时与模型组比较,高剂量组有明显降低(P<0.05)。结论海藻多糖对博来霉素诱导的大鼠肺间质纤维化有抑制作用。     

海藻抗A-549和HL-60肿瘤细胞及抗菌活性研究

目的:为了从海藻中寻找天然药物活性前体。方法:对山东沿海的 39种海藻的甲醇提取物进行了抗肿瘤(肿瘤细胞A-549和HL-60)及抗菌(金葡菌、大肠杆菌和白色假丝酵母菌)活性筛选。结果:抗肿瘤活性研究中,海藻提取物表现出较好的活性,19种对HL-60有抑制作用,34种对A-549有抑制作用。其中,石花菜、萱藻和小粘膜藻对2种肿瘤细胞的抑制率均大于80％;而三叉仙菜和绳藻的抑制率均大于90％。在抗菌活性实验中,海藻提取物的最低抑菌浓度均大于 20mg·L~(-1)。结论:海藻作为抗肿瘤活性前体的来源,值得深入研究。     

脂肪酶抑制剂产生菌筛选

为了开发减肥用品的微生物菌种 ,用脂肪酶活性为筛选模型分别以肉汤培养基和马铃薯培养基培养土壤分离获得 1 1个菌株LA、LB、LC、LD、LE、LF、LG、MA、MB、MC和MD ,且同时考察了各菌株发酵液对淀粉酶、蛋白酶的抑制效果 ,结果表明LC、LE、LF、LG、MC和MD对淀粉酶有抑制作用 ,其抑制率分别为3 7%、5 8%、32 %、3 2 %、70 2 %和 73 5 % ;LA、LB、LC、MB对蛋白酶有抑制效果 ,抑制率分别为 55 %、31 2 5 %、37 5 %和 2 7 3 % ;LA、LB、LC、LD、LE、LF、MC和MD对脂肪酶有抑制效果 ,抑制率分别为 79%、54 8%、2 0 9%、1 2 9%、61 3 %、80 6 %、2 4 7%和 35 1 %。菌种LF对脂肪酶有较强的抑制作用 ,对淀粉酶抑制作用较小 ,对蛋白酶没有抑制作用。初步鉴定该菌属于芽孢杆菌属 ,命名为BacillusspLF。     

消风止痒颗粒中毛蕊花糖苷、焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1、升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯Ⅱ和苍术素的HPLC法测定及其化学计量学综合评价

目的建立HPLC法同时测定消风止痒颗粒中毛蕊花糖苷、焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1、升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯Ⅱ和苍术素,并采用化学计量学方法对检测结果进行综合评价。方法采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;检测波长:330 nm(0~14 min检测毛蕊花糖苷和焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1)、254 nm(14~31 min检测升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷和亥茅酚苷)、270 nm(31~55 min检测苍术素醇、白术内酯Ⅱ和苍术素);体积流量0.9 mL/min;柱温25℃;进样量10μL。采用SPSS26.0统计软件对消风止痒颗粒中9种成分进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果毛蕊花糖苷、焦地黄苯乙醇苷B1、升麻素苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、亥茅酚苷、苍术素醇、白术内酯Ⅱ和苍术素分别在2.53~63.25、1.09~27.25、8.17~204.25、2.38~59.50、4.07~101.75、1.74~43.50、0.66~16.50、1.47~36.75、2.86~71.50μg/m L线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为99.01%、98.17%、100.13%、97.63%、98.72%、97.22%、96.93%、99.24%、100.01%,RSD值分别为1.42%、1.26%、0.72%、1.55%、0.84%、1.06%、1.18%、0.67%、0.95%;11批样品聚类分析为3类,主成分1~3是影响消风止痒颗粒质量评价的主要因子。结论该方法操作简便、重复性好,可作为消风止痒颗粒中多指标成分质量评价模式。     

Influence of mitochondrion-toxic agents on the cardiovascular system

Cardiovascular disease may be induced or worsened by mitochondrion-toxic agents. Mitochondrion-toxic agents may be classified as those with or without a clinical effect, those which induce cardiac disease only in humans or animals or both, as prescribed drugs, illicit drugs, exotoxins, or nutritiants, as those which affect the heart exclusively or also other organs, as those which are effective only in patients with a mitochondrial disorder or cardiac disease or also in healthy subjects, or as solid, liquid, or volatile agents. In humans, cardiotoxic agents due to mitochondrial dysfunction include anthracyclines (particularly doxorubicin), mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, fluorouracil, imatinib, bortezomib, trastuzumab, arsenic trioxide, cyclosporine-A, zidovudine, lamotrigine, glycosides, lidocain, isoproterenol, nitroprusside, pivalic acid, alcohol, cocaine, pesticides, cadmium, mycotoxins, cyanotoxins, meat meal, or carbon monoxide. Even more agents exhibit cardiac abnormalities due to mitochondrion-toxicity only in animals or tissue cultures. The mitochondrion-toxic effect results from impairment of the respiratory chain, the oxidative phosphorylation, the Krebs cycle, or the β-oxidation, from decrease of the mitochondrion-membrane potential, from increased oxidative stress, reduced anti-oxidative capacity, or from induction of apoptosis. Cardiac abnormalities induced via these mechanisms include cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, coronary heart disease, arrhythmias, heart failure, or Takotsubo syndrome. Discontinuation of the cardiotoxic agent results in complete recovery in the majority of the cases. Antioxidants and nutritiants may be of additional help. Particularly coenzyme-Q, riboflavin, vitamin-E, vitamin-C, l-carnitine, vitamin-D, thiamin, folic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, and d-ribose may alleviate mitochondrial cardiotoxic effects.     

抗蠕虫药物涂肤霜剂对旋毛虫病的实验疗效

本文报道抗蠕虫药物涂肤霜剂对小鼠旋毛虫病的实验疗效。这些霜剂分别含甲苯达唑(MD)、阿苯达唑(AD)、左旋咪唑(LVM)及HD+LVM。对肠道内成虫、移行期幼虫及肌肉内成囊期幼虫的减虫率(％)分别为:MD78.35,74.05,及32.50;AD68.11,98.72,及100;LVM38.98,6.31,及39.19;MD+LVM74.40,85.34,及99.56。     

Antiparasitic protozoan vaccines

Parasitic infections caused by pathogenic protozoa affect over 1 billion people worldwide and impose a substantial health and economic burden, particularly on inter-tropical less-developed countries where they are more prevalent. Despite encouraging progress in vaccine development, chemotherapy remains the single most effective, efficient and inexpensive means to control most parasitic infections [1]. However, day to day parasites are becoming increasingly resistant to drugs currently in use, such as Plasmodium towards chloroquine, lending to the start of a promising future for vaccines. Patent applications regarding vaccines for the prevention, control and diagnosis of parasitic protozoan infections are reviewed for the period December 1996 - October 2000. However, vaccines for some of the protozoan infections do not appear in the literature in the period reviewed; only, vaccines against malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, cryptosporidiosis, pneumocystosis, eimeriosis, toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, as well as Babesia microti infections have been found.     

Neuroscience and Hormesis: Overview and General Findings

This article provides a summary of an assessment of the occurrence and impact of hormesis in the neurosciences, including the areas of neuroprotection, neurite outgrowth, and drugs for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, anxiety, pain, seizures, stroke, as well as in the areas of behavioral pharmacology, addictive drugs, stress biology including the Yerkes–Dodson law, and p-glycoprotein efflux activity. The findings indicate that the hormetic dose response has a common, if not dominant, presence in each of these diverse areas of neuroscience and further strengthens the conclusion that hormesis is highly generalizable, being independent of biological model, endpoint, and chemical class.     

八氢吲(口朶)并[2,3-a]喹嗪衍生物的合成

本文报道简化长春胺结构、寻找治疗脑血管疾病有较好疗效的药物。以烯胺Ⅰa,Ⅰb和Ⅰc为起始原料,在C₁位引进羟甲基和羟丙基以及进行酰化等反应,立体选择性地合成了17个结构比长春胺少一个E环的1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-八氢-吲哚并[2,3-a]喹嗪衍生物,并分离到3个五环稠合化合物。对于副产物Ⅱ,ⅩⅠⅩ和ⅩⅩ的生成机理作了推测。所合成的化合物进行了小白鼠耐缺氧初筛试验,发现有11个化合物有明显的生物活性,对其它动物的脑血流动力学试验尚在进行中。     

Inductively coupled plasma and clinical biology. Toxicological applications

The multi-elementary quantitation method using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has been widely developed for use with biological fluids. Many elements can be quantified simultaneously in biological fluids, including: Li, Be, B, Al, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Pd, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Ba, W, Pt, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, U. The validation procedure is described by the French Society of Clinical Biology. Results for urine are corrected after creatinine determination.We report applications in clinical toxicology and forensic toxicology. Advances in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the field of clinical biology are particularly important for toxicological analysis. This powerful tool is helpful for better patient care and for the search for cause of death.     

THE MICROBIAL BIOGENESIS OF AQUATIC BIOTOXINS

The biogenesis of small molecular nonprotein poisons has long been a mystery in the world of biotoxicology. The phylogenetic distribution, molecular structure, evidence of biogenesis, and possible mechanisms involving some of these poisons, such as saxitoxin, tetrodotoxin, ciguatoxin, palytoxin, maitotoxin, and brevitoxin, are briefly discussed.